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All Journal Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Intermestic: Journal of International Studies
Indra Pahlawan
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RESPON ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD) TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) DALAM PENDIDIKAN DI FINLANDIA Fajar, Rahmad; Pahlawan, Indra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 12: Edisi I Januari - Juni 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

This study analyzes the role of the OECD in the implementation of AI-based learning methods in Finnish secondary schools during the 2019–2021 period. The study aims to examine the contribution of the OECD as an international organization in facilitating AI-based educational policies, analyze the implementation of OECD recommendations in Finland, and evaluate the impact of AI on the Finnish education system. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-explanatory method. Data collection techniques include literature review and document analysis, covering OECD policies and reports on AI implementation in Finland's education sector. The approach is deductive, utilizing a liberalism perspective and international organization theory to analyze the role of the OECD in assisting education through AI in Finland. The results of this study indicate that the OECD acts as an arena, actor, and instrument in promoting AI adoption in Finland through a series of policy recommendations. Finland has integrated OECD guidelines into its national curriculum, teacher training programs, and the development of adaptive learning platforms. The implementation of AI has proven to enhance personalized learning, assessment efficiency, and student engagement. However, this implementation faces challenges such as digital infrastructure gaps and the need for further teacher training. Keywords: OECD, Artificial Intelligence, Educational Policy
KERJASAMA INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA DALAM PENGGUNAAN MATA UANG LOKAL ,, Sabrun; Pahlawan, Indra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 12: Edisi I Januari - Juni 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

The use of local currency is the settlement of bilateral transactions between two countries carried out in the currency of each country, the transactions are carried out in the territory of each country. The implementation of the Local Currency Use cooperation has been carried out since 2018 with Malaysia and Thailand. In August 2020 this cooperation was implemented with Japan. Then on September 6, 2021. This study aims to analyze the purpose of Indonesia in carrying out cooperation on the Use of Local Currency with Malaysia. In this study, the researcher uses the theory of Monetary Power and the perspective of Liberalism with a nation-state level of analysis. This study uses a qualitative research method and the data obtained are primary data obtained from documents on the official websites of Bank Indonesia and the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia as well as secondary data obtained from books, journals and scientific articles, websites, and publications. The results of this study indicate that the reason for Indonesia's cooperation in the Use of Local Currency with Malaysia is that Malaysia is a trading and investment partner for Indonesia, Indonesia's desire to expand the rupiah, and to reduce dependence on the US dollar, based on the Vision of the Money Market Development Blueprint (BPPU) 2025 Keywords: Local Currency Settlement. Dollarization. Liberalism.
PERAN ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD) MEMFASILITASI KESEPAKATAN PAJAK DIGITAL ANTARA PRANCIS DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT ,, Sasriaini; Pahlawan, Indra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 12: Edisi I Januari - Juni 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

This study aims to analyze the role of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in facilitating a digital tax agreement between France and the United States in response to the dispute arising from the implementation of the Digital Services Tax (DST). France introduced the DST in 2019 to impose taxes on revenues earned by foreign digital companies that profit from users within its jurisdiction without having a physical presence. This policy sparked strong opposition from the United States, which viewed it as discriminatory against major U.S. technology firms such as Google, Apple, Facebook, and Amazon. This research uses a qualitative method with data collected through literature studies sourced from books, journals, articles, and official websites. The study applies the Neoliberalist perspective and the theory of international organization as proposed by David Lewis. The findings indicate that the OECD plays a vital role as an international actor not only by providing a negotiation platform but also by designing multilateral solutions through the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project. Through the Inclusive Framework, the OECD developed a global digital tax reform scheme based on a Two-Pillar Approach. Pillar One, particularly Amount A, serves as a mechanism to allocate taxing rights across jurisdictions based on user location, aiming to replace unilateral measures such as the DST. The OECD successfully mediated a compromise between France and the United States involving the suspension of DST and the withdrawal of trade sanctions, under the condition that DST would be repealed following the implementation of Pillar One through a Multilateral Convention. Keywords: OECD, Digital Services Tax, Amount A, BEPS, Pillar One
KERJASAMA RCEP ( REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSIP ) TERHADAP PERDAGANGAN LUAR NEGERI INDONESIA-TIONGKOK TAHUN 2022-2023 Rahmawati, Suci; Pahlawan, Indra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 12: Edisi I Januari - Juni 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the impact of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) cooperation on Indonesia-Tiongkok foreign trade during the period 2022-2023. The main issue examined is how RCEP influences Indonesia-Tiongkok foreign trade from 2020 to 2023. As the world’s largest free trade agreement involving 15 member countries, RCEP is expected to reduce trade barriers and enhance regional economic integration. Based on the theory of regional economic integration, this study focuses on how RCEP, as the world’s largest free trade agreement, functions to reduce trade barriers and improve economic efficiency in the Asia-Pacific region The methodology used is a qualitative descriptive method with secondary data analysis. Data were obtained from international trade reports, export-import statistics, and sesuai t policy documents, which were analyzed to describe the dynamics of Indonesia-Tiongkok trade during the study period. The results indicate that the implementation of RCEP has had a positive impact on Indonesia-Tiongkok trade relations, as evidenced by a significant increase in bilateral trade value, especially in the manufacturing and agricultural sectors. The elimination of tariffs and simplification of trade procedures within the RCEP framework have expanded market access for Indonesian products in Tiongkok. However, challenges such as trade balance imbalances and competition between domestic products and Chinese imports remain. In conclusion, RCEP contributes to strengthening trade relations through increased efficiency and product diversification, but national strategies are needed to improve the competitiveness of local products and address its negative impacts. Keywords: RCEP, Indonesia-Tiongkok, Exports and Imports
UPAYA INDONESIA MENINGKATKAN EKSPOR KOPI KE MALAYSIA 2018-2021 Pramudita, Lintang; Pahlawan, Indra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 12: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

This study aims to analyze the efforts undertaken by Indonesia to increase coffee exports to Malaysia during the period from 2018 to 2021. Malaysia is one of the main export destinations for Indonesian coffee in the Southeast Asian region, with a growing trend in coffee consumption, particularly among the younger generation and players in the beverage industry. In this context, Indonesia faces challenges such as competition from other coffee-producing countries like Vietnam and Brazil, as well as increasing demands regarding quality, certification, and complex market preferences. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using international political economy theory from a liberalism perspective and the theory of comparative advantage as analytical frameworks. Data were collected through literature review and documentation from secondary sources such as official reports, statistical data, and academic literature. The results of the study show that the Indonesian government's strategy to boost coffee exports to Malaysia includes improving product quality, promoting through international exhibitions and coffee festivals, leveraging the ASEAN free trade agreement (ATIGA), strengthening economic diplomacy, and digitalizing marketing efforts. In addition, support for farmers and MSMEs through training, quality standardization, and the strengthening of infrastructure and logistics also plays a role in maintaining the competitiveness of national coffee exports. Keywords: International Trade, Comparative Advantage, Economic Diplomacy.
IMPLEMENTASI PUTUSAN DISPUTE SETTLEMENT BODY (DSB) WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) OLEH AUSTRALIA TERHADAP SENGKETA PRODUK KERTAS FOTOKOPI A4 ASAL INDONESIA Dilla, Arifa Rahma; Pahlawan, Indra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 12: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

The dispute concerning dumping allegations made by Australia against A4 copy paper products originating from Indonesia arose when the Australian Anti- Dumping Commission (ADC) imposed high anti-dumping duties on three Indonesian paper companies. Consequently, Indonesia filed a complaint against Australia through the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement mechanism. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through literature reviews, official documents from the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as government publications from both countries. The research is framed using the theoretical perspective of liberalism, theories of international dispute resolution, and the nation-state level of analysis. The findings indicate that Australia has implemented the decision of the WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) by revoking anti-dumping duties on two out of three Indonesian paper exporters in 2020. This measure was taken after a lengthy litigation process in which the WTO panel ruled that Australia had violated provisions under the Anti-Dumping Agreement. Keywords: World Trade Organization, Dispute Settlement Body, Anti-Dumping Commission, Anti-Dumping Duties, Anti-Dumping Agreement.
KERJA SAMA PENGIRIMAN PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA KE JEPANG MELALUI PROGRAM VISA SPECIFIED SKILLED WORKER (SSW) Afnur, Silvi Ramadani; Pahlawan, Indra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 12: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

Japan is facing demographic problems, namely an ageing population and low birth rates. This situation has led to a shortage of working-age people needed to fill production activities. This study aims to determine how the deployment of Indonesian migrant workers (PMI) in the careworker sector is implemented through the Specified Skilled Worker (SSW) visa programme. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with literature review data collection techniques. This study employs K.J. Holsti's theory of international cooperation. The findings indicate that initially, there was little interest in sending careworkers to Japan, but this interest has steadily increased in subsequent years. One reason for this increase is the ongoing growth of Japan's elderly population, and the SSW cooperation benefits both countries, each with their own interests. Keywords: Cooperation, Migrant Worker, Specified Skilled Worker
The Economic and Social Aspects of Bengkalis, Indonesia-Malaysia Mobility for ASEAN Economic Connectivity Retnaningsih, Umi Oktyari; Jamaan, Ahmad; Pakpahan, Saiman; Pahlawan, Indra
Intermestic: Journal of International Studies Vol 9 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/intermestic.v9n2.2

Abstract

Prosperity becomes the goal for society in the world. Scholars have their own approaches and measures to achieve it. One of ASEAN goal is to create a stable, prosperous and highly competitive economic region. Regional economic integration can be accomplished with maritime connectivity due to geographic location, particularly between Bengkalis, Indonesia with Malaysia (Muar, Malaka, Kuala Lumpur). Bandar Sri Setia Raja could reduce transport cost, provide more efficient service and increased opportunities from tourism. Port connectivity will affect social and economic lives of Bengkalis residents. The research elaborated how significant role of Bandar Sri Setia Raja seaport for resident mobilization for social and economic activities, the challenges, and prospects. This research was mixed of quantitative and qualitative methodology of 15 male travellers to Malaysia, 5 female tourers, and 10 male and female local residents’ tourists to Malaysia for leisure and healing. Secondary data from Indonesian official report, statistics, and news were utilized to describe economic gain. In-depth interviews tried to collect detailed data of migrant voices about their experiences, challenges, and hopes. The study showed Sri Setia Raja port could afford ASEAN economic community as well as social benefit. Bengkalis residents were able to save money, time and energy to visit Malaysia for working, healing, and doing micro business. Bengkalis Island locates quite far from Pekanbaru’s international airport or Dumai’s international port so Sri Setia Raja is the best option to go overseas.
SENGKETA DAGANG TIONGKOK-AUSTRALIA PADA PRODUK BARLEY DI WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) PADA TAHUN 2020-2023 Putri, Deska Nindia; Pahlawan, Indra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 12: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

The trade dispute between Australia and China, arising from China’s imposition of anti-dumping duties of 73.6% and countervailing duties of 6.9%, escalated tensions and prompted Australia to file a complaint with the World Trade Organization (WTO). This research is analyzed using the international regime theory developed by Robert O. Keohane, with the level of analysis focused on nation-states. The research adopts a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through primary sources from official websites and secondary sources from various literature as supporting materials. The findings show that the WTO's trade dispute settlement mechanism through the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) consists of several stages consultation request, panel establishment, panel report, appeal to the Appellate Body, and implementation. In August 2023, China revoked the anti-dumping duties on Australian barley, followed by Australia's decision to withdraw its complaint. Both countries officially informed the DSB that the dispute had been resolved amicably, and the Panel declared its task completed. Keywords: World Trade Organization, Dispute Settlement Body, Trade Dispute, Anti-Dumping Duties, Countervailing Duties.
The Economic and Social Aspects of Bengkalis, Indonesia-Malaysia Mobility for ASEAN Economic Connectivity Retnaningsih, Umi Oktyari; Jamaan, Ahmad; Pakpahan, Saiman; Pahlawan, Indra
Intermestic: Journal of International Studies Vol 9 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/intermestic.v9n2.2

Abstract

Prosperity becomes the goal for society in the world. Scholars have their own approaches and measures to achieve it. One of ASEAN goal is to create a stable, prosperous and highly competitive economic region. Regional economic integration can be accomplished with maritime connectivity due to geographic location, particularly between Bengkalis, Indonesia with Malaysia (Muar, Malaka, Kuala Lumpur). Bandar Sri Setia Raja could reduce transport cost, provide more efficient service and increased opportunities from tourism. Port connectivity will affect social and economic lives of Bengkalis residents. The research elaborated how significant role of Bandar Sri Setia Raja seaport for resident mobilization for social and economic activities, the challenges, and prospects. This research was mixed of quantitative and qualitative methodology of 15 male travellers to Malaysia, 5 female tourers, and 10 male and female local residents’ tourists to Malaysia for leisure and healing. Secondary data from Indonesian official report, statistics, and news were utilized to describe economic gain. In-depth interviews tried to collect detailed data of migrant voices about their experiences, challenges, and hopes. The study showed Sri Setia Raja port could afford ASEAN economic community as well as social benefit. Bengkalis residents were able to save money, time and energy to visit Malaysia for working, healing, and doing micro business. Bengkalis Island locates quite far from Pekanbaru’s international airport or Dumai’s international port so Sri Setia Raja is the best option to go overseas.
Co-Authors ", Rozalia ', Rania ,, Sabrun ,, Sasriaini Aditya Al Jamil, Aditya Al Afnur, Silvi Ramadani Agung Setia Budi Ahmad Jamaan Aida Rahma Suci Aisyah Fitri Yana Al-Hafiz, Nofri Wandi Alfajri, Said Irsyam Alfi Rizky, Alfi Andri Laksamana Arethusa, Zana Cobitha Arzila " Atikha Sari Aulia Faradipta Hakma Ayu Angelina Aritonang Bayu Setya Setya Bene Fetresya Simamora, Bene Fetresya BerylBeryl Rifqi Alhadi Bonny Desfiando Daniel S Debora, Rizpani Dewi Harnum Dewi, Citra Syafni Dian Mardiana Dilla, Arifa Rahma Dita, Delfia Tiara Dyanni Syifa Amira Efryli Derta Ega Nadhilah, Ega Eko Novrialdi Emi Meidila Sidauruk Febriana Ayonda Fenny Desty Fitri Andayani Fitri Rahmadani Gayatri, Shirley Dwi Halima Tus Syadiah Harahap, Aulia Rahmah Hariani, Rani Hartalis " Herman, Rafif Basya’ir Huwaida, Salwa Shabrina Ihsan Fauzi Rahman Indah Octaviani Khothibulloh Muhammad Khunaivi, Aldi Syahrul Klementina Silalahi Lady Chintia Nasution Lasma Angel Apriana Girsang Lena Anita Sulastri Purba Liana Fitri M Iqbal Sidiq M. Ilham Alhalis M. Martin Tonida M.Fajar Ma’ruf M.Fidel Katsro Manurung, Nora Dameris Maulida " Meichen Monalia Silaban MUhammad Yusrizal Muhammad, Iqbaal Mutiarani Ernanda Nadya Eka Putri Nanda Micolla Nathacia Rahmadhani, Nathacia Neirata, Indyra Auliya Nora Dameris Manurung Novel, Elin Konstantia Novella Putri Lerian Oci Khairani Octavia Tri Nararanti Okso Marisi Ollani Vabiola Bangun Paulus Hosbil Romanto Pramudita, Lintang Prima Rita Idayu Putri Herianasari Putri, Deska Nindia Putri, Nadia Zafira Putri, Tessa Alfiani Rahadian, Fathurrahman Adam Rahatesa, Queenta Rahmad Fajar Rahman, Ridho Rahmi, Maulida Ramadhan, Agung Rani Hariani Ratih Maharani Eka Putri Ricky Yudika Matondang Ridho Handoko Ridho Rahman Rifdah Hanun A Rini Oktiwi Ningsih Riyan Zulfikar Aris Rizpani Debora Rolly Jean Marten Safitri Andani Saiman Pakpahan Sapry, Hanna Zikria Sarah Patrecia Sinulingga Sari Eza Darma Sari Eza Darma, Sari Eza Sari, Atikha Sembiring, Sulthan Saleh Septian Wahyu Shintia, Eni Shirley Dwi Gayatri Siagian, Cristin Arti Kasih Sijekto " Silaen, Veronika Lestary Siregar, Dewi Mentari Siti masruroh Sri Kurnia Fitri Ningsih Suci Dwi Nikiki, Suci Dwi Suci Rahmawati, Suci Sukmika Mardalena Sulthan Saleh Sembiring Susanti, Nurvia Suwita Lora Syafira An-nur Syafira Yunita Annisa Syakara, Muhammad Rifqi Tri Huliyani Tri Rahmi Delly, Tri Rahmi Umi Oktyari Retnaningsih Wahyu Dilla Ramadhany Wanti Wahyuning Tiyas Wardani, Indah Surya Widyatama, Alferro Wulandari, Puput Ayu Yenny Nutrician Tampubolon Yesi Ningsih Paradila Yolanda Sari Silitonga Yona Princy