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All Journal Jurnal Teknologi Dan Industri Pangan Current Biochemistry Jurnal Sains Teh dan Kina Journal of Science Innovare Menara Perkebunan Proceeding Biology Education Conference

Tri Panji

Universitas Pakuan

Author-ID : 339922

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Education Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Pemanfaatan tandan kosong kelapa sawit sisa jamur merang (Volvariella volvacea)(TKSJ) sebagai pupuk organik pada pembibitan kelapa sawit Utilization of spent mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) media derived from empty fruit bunches of oil palm (SMEB) as organic fertilizer on oil palm seedling Happy WIDIASTUTI; . TRI-PANJI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 75, No 2: Desember 2007
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

SummaryThe utilization of lignocellulolitic emptyfruit-bunches of oil-palm (EFBOP) material asstraw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) mediacould produce short chain organic carbon andnutrients which may be available for growth ofplant. This research was aimed to determine theeffect of spent mushroom media amendmentderived from empty fruit bunches of oil palm(SMEB) as organic fertilizer on the growth andnutrient uptake of oil palm seedling. Theexperiment was conducted at greenhouse usingacid soil. Oil palm seedling was grown in 60 x 50cm polybags. The experiment was carried out toexamine 20 treatments i.e. combinations of fourlevel of SMEB (0, 25%, 50%, and 75% w/w) andfive dosages of conventional fertilizer (0, 25%,50%, 75%, and 100%) recommended dosages.The experiment was conducted using completerandomized design with factorial type. Theresearch showed that the amendment of SMEB atthe level of 25% could increase the height ofseedling, fresh weight of root, stem, and seedlingsas well as dry weight of oil palm stem. However,for leaf dry weight, a higher addition of SMEB upto 50% was needed. Fertilizing at 25% ofrecommended dosage could increase the seedlingheight, fresh weight of stem and leaf while forseedling fresh weight and leaf number, higheraddition of fertilizer up to 50% was needed.Significantly higher uptake of K and Mg wasobserved on the amendment of 75% of SMEB.The higher addition of SMEB (up to 75% w/w)did not decrease any growth parameters andnutrient uptake. However, the addition of 100%of recommended chemical fertilizer tended todecrease various growth parameters and uptakeof N, P, K, and Mg of oil palm seedling.RingkasanPenggunaan bahan lignoselulosa sebagaimedium jamur merang (Volvariella volvacea)diketahui dapat menghasilkan senyawa karbonrantai pendek demikian pula hara tersedia,sehingga diduga bahan ini dapat digunakansebagai pupuk organik untuk tanaman. Penelitiandilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberiantandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) sisa mediumjamur merang (TKSJ) terhadap pertumbuhan danserapan hara bibit kelapa sawit. Percobaandilakukan di rumah kaca menggunakan tanahbereaksi masam. TKKS sisa medium jamurmerang (TKSJ) sesuai dosis perlakuan dicampurdengan tanah dan selanjutnya bibit kelapa sawitditanam di polibag berukuran 60 x 50 cm.Percobaan dilakukan untuk menguji 20 perlakuanyang merupakan kombinasi empat tingkat TKSJ(0, 25%, 50% dan 75% b/b) dan lima dosis pupukkonvensional (0, 25%, 50%, 75% dan 100%)dosis rekomendasi. Percobaan dilakukan meng-gunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan polafaktorial. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwapemberian TKSJ pada tingkat 25% dapatmeningkatkan tinggi bibit, bobot basah akar,batang, dan bibit serta bobot kering batangkelapa sawit. Namun, untuk peubah bobot keringdaun diperlukan pemberian TKSJ yang lebihtinggi yaitu 50%. Pemupukan pada dosis 25%rekomendasi meningkatkan tinggi, bobot basahbatang dan daun sedangkan untuk jumlah daundan bobot basah bibit diperlukan dosis pupuk50%. Serapan hara K dan Mg nyata lebih tinggipada pemberian 75% TKSJ. Pemberian TKSJpada jumlah yang tinggi (hingga 75% b/b) tidakmenyebabkan penurunan berbagai peubah per-tumbuhan dan serapan hara, namun pemberianpupuk 100% rekomendasi cenderung menurun-kan berbagai peubah pertumbuhan dan serapanhara N, P, K, dan Mg bibit kelapa sawit.

Bioactivation of phosphate rocks by indigenous phosphate-solubilizing fungi Bioaktivasi fosfat alam oleh fungi pelarut fosfat setempat H WIDIASTUTI; Didiek H GOENADI; . TRI-PANJI; L P SANTI; P FATURACHIM; N MARDIANA; I HARIANTO; . ISROI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 68, No 1: Juni 2000
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Ringkasan Efektivitas fungi pelarut fosfat (FPF) dalam meningkatkan kelarutan fosfor (P) fosfat alam (FA) sangat dipengaruhi oleh kesesuaian isolat fungi dengan mineralogi batuan fosfat. Satu seri percobaan laboratorium telah dilakukan untuk menetapkan potensi supernatan kultur cair (SKC) dari FPF asal tanah dan batuan tambang FA eksCileungsi dan Madura untuk meningkatkan kelarutan FA eks-Cileungsi (FAQ dan eksMadura (FAM) dalam pembuatan superfosfat yang diaktivasi secara biologi (SPab). Kegiatan penelitian meliputi: (1) seleksi pelarutan P-FPF dalam medium Pikovskaya, (2) pengujian kemampuan pelarutan P-FAC, P-FAM, P-Ca3 (PO4)z, dan P AIP04 isolat-isolat terseleksi, dan (3) optimasi pembuatan SPab dengan isolat terpilih. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua ulangan. Dari hasil isolasi diperoleh 50 isolat FPF, 17 isolat di antaranya berpotensi dalam melarutkan fosfat yang ditandai pembentukan zona bening yang intensif di sekitar koloni. Dari ketujuh belas isolat tersebut sepuluh isolat berasal dari Lulut (Cileungsi), dan tujuh isolat lainnya berasal dari Madura (masing-masing dua isolat dari Socah dan Aengnyior serta tiga isolat dari Korbe). Berdasarkan kemampuan melarutkan P dari FAC, FAM, Ca3(PO4)2, dan AIP04 diperoleh masing-masing tiga isolat dari Cileungsi dan Madura. Dari keenam isolat tersebut empat isolat di antaranya tergolong Penicillium sp. dan dua isolat lainnya termasuk Aspergillus sp. Di antara keenam isolat tersebut isolat Korbe 0909 memiliki kemampuan iertinggi dalam melarutkan P dari semua sumber P. Kandungan P-FAC lebih tinggi daripada FAM dan mendekati FA eks Maroko. SKC dapat menggantikan fungsi H2SO4 (98%) dalam melarutkan P-FA. SPab Cileungsi mengandung P nyata lebih tinggi daripada FAC yang diaktivasi secara konvensional, namun pada SPab Madura kandungan P larut air nyata lebih rendah, sedangkan P larut asam sitrat 2% dan perklorat sebanding dengan FAM yang diaktivasi secara konvensional. Aktivasi FA oleh SKC dapat menurunkan konsentrasi asam fosfat (H3PO4) dari 52% menjadi 42%. Kelarutah P (asam sitrat 2% dan air) dan kandungan sulfur-SPab Cileungsi dan Madura nyata lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan SP36.Summary The effectiveness of phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) in enhancing phosphorus (P) solubility of phosphate rocks (PR) is assumed to be dependent on the suitability of the fungal isolate to the mineralogycal composition of the rocks. A laboratory study was conducted to determine the phosphate solubilizing ability of liquid culture supernatants (LCS) of PSF isolated from various PR deposits and adjacent soils, i.e. at Cileungsi in West Java and the island of Madura in East Java to enhance the reactivity of PR from deposits at Cileungsi (CPR) and Madura (MPR) and their potential use as agents in the production of biologically-activated superphosphate (SPab). Three series of laboratory experiments were conducted: (1) screening isolate on the solubilization of P in Pikovskaya medium; (2) assaying the ability of selected isolates on solubilization of P-CPR, PMPR, P-Ca3(P04)2 and P-AIPO4, and (3) optimizing superphosphate fertilizer formulation. Completely random design was used as the experimental design with two replicates. Seventeen out of 50 PSF isolates were characterized to be highly potential as phosphate solubilizers, as indicated by clear zone formation. Ten isolates were from Lulut (Cileungsi) and seven from Madura island, two from Socah and Aengnyior respectively, and remaining three from Korbe. Regarding the ability of P solubilization of four P sources, six isolates were selected, three each from Cileungsi and Madura. Of these six isolates, four are Penicillium sp., and four belong to Aspergillus sp. The Aspergillus sp. isolate Korbe 0909 was found to be the highest in P-solubilization of various sources of P. Based on the P dissolving ability of P-CPR and their effectiveness in substituting for sulphuric acid (98%) usually used in conventional production of superphosphate, the LCS of Korbe 0909 improved significantly the P-PRs dissolution. MPR activated by the LCS yielded a comparable values of 2% citric acid-soluble P content and significantly lower water-soluble P compared with conventional method: Reduction of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) concentration from 52% to 42%, in combination with LCS treatment, produced P dissolution comparable to the conventional method. Although the P solubilization of CSPab and MsPab in both 2% citric acid and water as well as thus content were significantly lower compared with SP36.

Produksi IAA oleh Rhizobium sp. dalam medium sintetik dan serum lateks dengan suplementasi triptofan Indole acetic acid production by Rhizobium sp. on synthetic and latex serum media with tryptophan supplementation . SUHARYANTO; . TRI-PANJI; . GUSNANIAR
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 77, No 1: Juni 2009
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

AbstractThe utilization of latex effluent to producebioproduct like indole acetic acid (IAA) willreduce amount of effluent, as well as effluentprocessing cost and produce an economicallyprofitable product. IAA could be produced bysome rhizosphere microbes that could grow onlatex effluent using L-tryptophan (Trp) as itsprecursor. The aim of this research is todetermine potential growth and capability of IAAproduction by Rhizobium spp. R6 and KT onsynthetic and latex serum media supplementedwith pure Trp and with litter poultry manure as acheap source of Trp. The research coveredexamination of IAA producing Rhizobia usingliquid synthetic media supplemented with 0.07g/L and 0.14 g/L Trp. The potential Rhizobiumsp. in producing IAA was then inoculated intolatex serum media supplemented with pure Trpand Trp from litter poultry manure. Result of theresearch showed that the highest IAA productionwas reached as much as 51.08 µg/mL in syntheticmedia supplemented with 0.14 g/L Trp inoculatedwith Rhizobium sp. R6. IAA could be producedas much as 6.63 µg/mL in pasteurizedundiluted latex serum media supplemented with0.14 g/L Trp. Using latex serum mediasupplemented with Trp from litter poultry manureshowed that Rhizobium sp. R6 could produce11.91 µg/mL. Supplementation of pure syntheticTrp in IAA production could be replaced withlitter poultry manure as a cheap source of Trp.AbstrakPemanfaatan limbah lateks menjadi produkbio seperti asam indol asetat (IAA), dapatmengurangi volume limbah, menekan biayapengolahan limbah, serta menghasilkan produkyang bernilai ekonomis. IAA dapat dihasilkanoleh beberapa mikroba rhizosfer yang mamputumbuh dalam limbah lateks dengan L-triptofan(Trp) sebagai prekursor-nya. Penelitian bertujuanmenetapkan potensi pertumbuhan dan produksiIAA oleh Rhizobium spp. R6 dan KT dalammedium sintetik dan serum lateks yangdisuplementasi Trp sintetik dan kotoran ayamsebagai sumber Trp murah. Isolat potensial dalamproduksi IAA kemudian ditumbuhkan dalammedium serum lateks pekat yang disuplementasiTrp murni dan Trp dari kotoran ayam. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi IAAtertinggi diperoleh dalam medium sintetik olehRhizobium sp. R6, sebesar 51,08 µg/mL. IAAdapat diproduksi sebesar 6,63 µg/mL dalammedium serum lateks 100% + Trp 0,14 g/L yangdipasteurisasi. Dalam medium serum lateks yangdisuplementasi Trp dari kotoran ayam, produksiIAA Rhizobium sp. R6 dapat mencapai 11,91µg/mL. Suplementasi Trp murni dalam produksiIAA dapat digantikan dengan kotoran ayamsebagai sumber Trp yang mura

Aktivitas enzim ligninolitik Pleurotus ostreatus pada media yang mengandung TKKS dan aplikasinya untuk dekolorisasi zat warna (Activity of ligninolytic enzyme of Pleurotus ostreatus on media containing OPEFB and their application for dyes decolorization) Firda DIMAWARNITA; TRI - PANJI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 87, No 1 (2019): April, 2019
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Ligninolytic enzymes are known as extracellular enzymes produced by the white rot fungi class of basidiomycetes. One of the most well-known fungi of the white rot fungus isPleurotus ostreatus. The aim of this study to calculate the activity of ligninolytic enzymes in the growth media of Pleurotus ostreatusand their application in decolorization of dye colour. The ligninolytic enzyme extract obtained was used to decolorize bluedyes (MethyleneBlue)and red dyes(Congo Red). The highest laccase enzyme activity was in the first month of 0.35 U/mL with E1 media composition; the highest manganese peroxidase (MnP) enzyme activity was in the fourth month at 31.818 U / mL with E4 media composition; and the highest lignin peroxidase (LiP) enzyme activity was in the fifth month at 0.269 U / mL with E1 media composition. The enzyme extract obtained was then applied to decolorize red and blue dyes. Decolorization of dyes was measured using spectrophotometry with a blue wavelength of 470 nm and red 685 nm. The highest reduction in decolorization of blue dye and red dye was 12 hours with concentration of enzyme addition of 0.5%. Based on these results, ligninolytic enzymes potentiallyto be developed as bioactive agents for detergents.[Keywords: decolorization, laccase, mangan peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, spectrofotometry] AbstrakEnzim ligninolitik dikenal sebagai enzim ekstraseluler yang dihasilkan oleh jamur pelapuk putih golongan basidiomycetes. Salah satu jamur dari golongan jamur pelapuk putih yang banyak dikenal adalah Pleurotus ostreatus. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung aktivitas enzim ligninolitik pada media pertumbuhan jamur tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus) dan aplikasinya dalam dekolorisasi zat warna. Ekstrak enzim ligninolitik yang didapatkan kemudian dimanfaatkan untuk dekolorisasi zat warna biru(Methylene Blue)dan merah (Congo Red). Aktivitas enzim lakase tertinggi ada pada bulan pertama sebesar 0,35 U/mL dengan komposisi media E1; aktivitas enzim mangan peroksidase (MnP) tertinggi ada pada bulan keempat sebesar 31,818 U/mL dengan komposisi media E4; dan aktivitas enzim lignin peroksidase (LiP) tertinggi ada pada bulan kelima sebesar 0,269 U/mL dengan komposisi media E1. Ekstrak enzim yang didapat kemudian diaplikasikan untuk dekolorisasi zat warna merah dan biru. Dekolorisasi zat warna diukur menggunakan spektrofotometri dengan panjang gelombang biru pada 470 nm dan merah pada 685 nm. Penurunan dekolorisasi zat warna birudan zat warna merahtertinggi selama 12jam dengan konsentraasi penambahan enzim sebesar 0,5%.Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, enzim ligninolitik sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai agen bioaktif untuk deterjen.[Kata kunci: dekolorisasi, lakase, mangan peroksidase, lignin peroksidase, spektrofotometri]

Biokonversi CPO dengan desaturase amobil sistem kontinu pada skala semipilot untuk produksi minyak mengandung GLA Bioconversion of CPO using immobilized desaturase in continuous system at semipilot scale to produce oil containing GLA . SUHARYANTO; . TRI-PANJI; M Irfani ABDULLAH; Khaswar SYAMSU
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 74, No 2: Desember 2006
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Summary Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid having high economic value as healthy oil. Research at laboratory scale showed that Absidia corymbifera and Rhizopus sp. fungi have the ability to increase unsaturation level of crude palm oil (CPO) and GLA formation through enzymatic bioconversion. Stability of desatu-rase enzyme, especially ∆6 and ∆12 having significant role in this process could be enhanced by applying immobilization technique. The current research objective was to determine optimum process of CPO bio-conversion using immobilized desaturase enzyme using continuous system at semipilot scale to produce CPO containing GLA. Crude desaturase enzyme of A. corymbifera biomass was immobilized with zeolite particles and used for optimization of CPO bioconversion in continuous system at semipilot scale (15,000 mL per day). Optimization of bio-conversion conditions included flow rate of substrate, size of zeolite for immobilization, and enzyme stability during process. The result showed that desaturase immobilized in small size particles of zeolite (1-3 mm) gave higher increase unsaturation level with average desaturase activity of 7.84 U, compared to that immobilized in larger zeolite particles (8-10 mm), which reached average desaturase activity of 4.67 U. However, the use of small zeolite particles often caused plugging substrate flow. The activity of immobilized desaturase in continuous system was stable for 9-18 hours. Optimum flow rate of substrate using small zeolite particles (1-3 mm) was 850 mL/min, while that of using larger zeolite particles (8-10 mm) was 875 mL/min. The bioconversion of CPO at optimum condition yielding 1.58% (w/w) GLA from initial concentration of linolenic acid 0.29%. RingkasanAsam γ-linolenat (GLA) merupakan asam lemak takjenuh majemuk yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi sebagai minyak kesehatan. Penelitian pada skala laboratorium me-nunjukkan bahwa Absidia corymbifera dan Rhizopus sp. memiliki kemampuan untuk me-ningkatkan ketidak-jenuhan minyak sawit mentah (CPO) dan menghasilkan GLA melalui biokonversi enzimatis. Stabilitas enzim desaturase, khususnya ∆6 dan ∆12yang berperan pada proses ini dapat ditingkatkan antara lain melalui teknik amobilisasi. Penelitian lanjutan ini bertujuan menetapkan kondisi optimum biokonversi CPO untuk menghasilkan minyak yang kaya akan asam lemak takjenuh majemuk, khususnya GLA menggunakan enzim desaturase amobil sistem kontinu pada skala semipilot. Ekstrak kasar enzim desaturase asal biomassa fungi A. corymbifera diamobilisasi dengan butiran zeolit dan selanjutnya digunakan untuk optimasi proses biokonversi secara kontinu pada skala semipilot (15.000 mL per hari). Optimasi proses kontinu meliputi laju alir substrat, ukuran butiran zeolit, dan stabilitas enzim selama proses. Hasil penelitian menun-jukkan bahwa desaturase yang diamobilisasi pada zeolit berukuran kecil (1-3 mm) memberikan peningkatan ketidakjenuhan yang lebih tinggi dengan aktivitas rata-rata 7,84 U, dibandingkan dengan yang diamobilisasi pada zeolit berukuran besar (8-10 mm) dengan aktivitas rata-rata 4,67 U. Namun, penggunaan zeolit berukuran kecil sering menimbulkan sumbatan aliran substrat. Aktivitas desaturase amobil pada proses kontinu dapat bertahan selama 9-18 jam. Laju alir optimum substrat pada penggunaan zeolit berukuran kecil (1-3 mm) adalah 850 mL/menit, sedangkan pada penggunaan zeolit besar (8-10 mm) adalah 875 mL/menit. Biokonversi CPO pada kondisi optimum menghasilkan GLA 1,58% (b/b) dari kandungan asam linolenat awal 0,29%tration of linolenic acid 0.29%.

Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Chlorella isolates from Indonesia using rbcL gene Fauziatul FITRIYAH; Yora FARAMITHA; Dini Astika SARI; Irma KRESNAWATY; Tri PANJI; Djoko SANTOSO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 89, No 1 (2021): April, 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.408

Identifying the newly isolated species is crucial to establishing a reliable algal database with successful commercial applications for different biotechnological applications. Morphological identification does not give sufficient description, especially for tiny unicellular microalgae. The rbcL gene encodes the large unit of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase /oxygenase (Rubisco) has been widely known for barcoding in plants and developed for microalgae molecular identification. In this study, we examined the local strains of green microalgae from Indonesia using the rbcL partial gene sequence to identify the strains. Green microalgae isolates originated from Yogyakarta, Serayu, Gondol, Ancol, Cilegon, and Teluk Jakarta were cultured in f/2 media and harvested for DNA extraction. The DNA extracted was proceeded to PCR using 1AB_rbcL primer pair to amplify the sequences of rbcL gene with target band located at 582 bp, followed by the sequencing of the PCR product was conducted. Molecular identification of local green microalgae isolates was successfully carried out using primers 1AB_rbcL with a genetic similarity of 99% toward identified species in the NCBI database. Among six isolates, TJ, G, S, C, and A isolates were identified as C. pyrenoidosa. Only CP isolate from Yogyakarta identified as C. sorokiniana. Nannochloropsis gaditana rbcL sequence was selected as an outgroup. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the five isolates of Chlorella belong to one clade and clearly distinguished from C. sorokiniana isolate from Yogyakarta.

Optimization media from low-cost nutrient sources for growing Spirulina platensis and carotenoid production Optimasi media dengan sumber nutrisi murah untuk pertumbuhan dan produksi karotenoid Spirulina platensis . TRI-PANJI; . SUHARYANTO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 69, No 1: Juni 2001
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

SummarySpirulina platensis is a cyanobacteriaproducing several bioactive compounds such ascarotenoids which are economically valuable. Toproduce carotenoids in S. platensis biomassefficiently, it is necessary to define an optimummedium composition consisting of mineral saltand organic complex derived from low-costnutrient sources. Spirulina platensis grown oncomplex media containing latex serum fromconcentrated latex factory, supplemented withsalt minerals might produce high yieldingcarotenoids. The objective of this research is todefine media composition for optimum growthand carotenoid production of S. platensis and toidentify carotenoid compounds from biomass ofthe algae. S. platensis was grown on mediacontaining latex serum from latex concentratefactory (5%, v/v), macroelements andmicroelements, for 10 weeks at a room aeratedand illuminated by 20 W TL lamp at 50 cmdistance. Microelements were formulatedat a certain amount to give eleven combinationsof C: N: P: Mg. The Aiba & Ogawa syntheticmedium was used as a reference medium. Theoptimum growth of S. platensis had reachedafter eight-week incubation. Among elevenmedia composition containing latex serumexamined, best growth on a formulated mediumwith a ratio of C: N: P: Mg = 1:3:0.3:0.2 yielding0.350 g biomass/L This amount was slightlylesser than those on synthetic Aiba & Ogawamedium that yields 0.407 g biomass/L, aftereight-week incubation. Although the biomassproduction was lower than that of synthetic Aiba & Ogawa medium, the formulated mediagave higher carotenoid content. The highestcarotenoid content in biomass was 2.866 mg/kgbiomass obtained from a medium with ratio ofC: N: P: Mg = 1: 2: 0.3: 0. Thin layerchromatography (TLC) analysis of biomassextract showed the presence of two-six carotenoidcompounds, in which one of them is β- carotene.RingkasanSpirulina platensis adalah sianobakteria yangmenghasilkan berbagai senyawa bioaktif bernilaiekonomi tinggi antara lain karotenoida. Untukmemproduksi karotenoida dari biomassa selS. platensis secara efisien, perlu ditetapkankomposisi media mineral dan bahan organikkompleks yang optimal dari sumber nutrisi yangmurah. Spirulina platensis yang ditumbuhkandalam media serum lateks dari pabrik latekspekat dengan suplemen garam-garam mineraltertentu diharapkan produktif dalammenghasilkan karotenoida. Tujuan penelitianadalah menetapkan komposisi media yangoptimal untuk pertumbuhan dan produksikarotenoid serta mengidentifikasi jenis senyawakarotenoid dalam biomassa sel S. platensis.Sianobakteria ini ditumbuhkan dalam mediakompleks mengandung serum lateks pekat(5%, v/v) dengan suplemen nutrisi berupamakronutrien dan mikronutrien selama10 minggu di dalam ruangan dengan aerasi danpenyinaran lampu TL 20 W pada jarak 50 cm.Komposisi makronutrien diformulasi untukmemberikan sebelas macam variasi nisbahC:N:P:Mg. Sebagai pembanding digunakanmedia sintetik Aiba & Ogawa. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan S. platensismencapai puncak setelah diinkubasikan selamadelapan minggu. Dari 11 komposisi mediamengandung lateks yang diuji, pertumbuhanS. platensis terbaik adalah yang ditumbuhkandalam media formula dengan nisbah C:N:P:Mg=1:3:0.3:0.2 menghasilkan 0,350 g biomassa/L,sedikit lebih rendah dibandingkan denganmenggunakan media sintetik Aiba & Ogawa yangmenghasilkan 0,407 g biomassa/L selama8 minggu. Walaupun kandungan biomassanyalebih rendah, media formula tersebut meng-hasilkan karotenoid lebih tinggi dibandingkandengan media sintetik Aiba & Ogawa.Kandungan karotenoid tertinggi pada biomassayaitu sebesar 2.866 mg/kg diperoleh pada mediadengan nisbah C:N:P:Mg=1:2:0.3:0. Analisisekstrak biomassa dengan TLC menunjukkanadanya dua-enam jenis karotenoida, salahsatunya adalah β - karotena.

Lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida dari fungi lokal untuk biokonversi CPO menjadi diasilgliserol Specific lipase of 1,3-glyceride from indigenous fungi for bioconversion of CPO to produce diacylglycerol . TRI-PANJI; . SUHARYANTO; Nining ARINI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 76, No 1: Juni 2008
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

SummaryDownstream industry of palm oil producing specialty oil with higher economic value compared to that of CPO in Indonesia is less developed due to technical obstacle and the availability of supporting materials. Specific lipase 1,3-glyceride for example which is used for oleochemical processing of healthy oil production is still imported with relatively high price. Healthy oil can be made from CPO bioconversion using the enzyme that produces oil rich in diacylglycerol (DAG). Although research on the production and the use of lipase has been well studied, production of specific lipase from microbes of local source is still very limited. This article reports one part of the series of the research activities on bioprocess and genetic engineering approaches to produce specific lipase for bioconversion of CPO i.e optimization of 1,3-glyceride-spesific lipase production from fungi selected from local sources. Based on the fluorescence zone on the screening media, of the twenty isolates collection, it was found that P6 isolate, thereafter indentified as Neurospora sitophila, has the highest activity of 1,3-glyceride-specific lipase. The lipase of N. sitophila was able to catalyze glycerolysis of triacylglycerol (TAG) in CPO to produce DAG. The bioconversion products of lipase yielding ratio of DAG/TAG was higher than ratio of free fatty acids (FFA)/TAG (0.12 > 0.08). The optimum condition of the enzymatic bioconversion was at 40 oC, pH 6, and 10-day incubation. The primary fatty acids on the DAG were oleic (56.2%), palmitic (40.0%), and myristic (2.7%) acids. The decrease of palmitic acid on DAG compared to on TAG, indicated that the lipase of N. sitophila worked relatively specific at C1 or C3 of the TAG.Kurang berkembangnya industri hilir yang menghasilkan minyak khusus yang nilainya berlipat dibandingkan CPO antara lain karena hambatan teknis dan ketersediaan bahan pendukungnya. Lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida misalnya, yang digunakan untuk produksi minyak kesehatan, masih diimpor dengan harga relatif tinggi. Minyak kesehatan dapat diproduksi dari biokonversi CPO dengan lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida hingga diperoleh minyak yang kaya kandungan diasilgliserol (DAG). Tulisan ini melaporkan optimasi aktivitas lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida dari fungi isolat lokal terpilih. Berdasarkan zona fluoresens pada medium penapis lipase, dari 20 isolat fungi yang diuji isolat P6 yang kemudian diidentifikasi sebagai Neurospora sitophila memiliki aktivitas tertinggi dan bersifat spesifik 1,3-gliserida. Lipase N. sitophilamampu mengkatalisis gliserolisis triasilgliserol (TAG) dalam CPO untuk menghasilkan DAG. Lipase tersebut menghasilkan nilai perban-dingan DAG/TAG lebih besar dari nilai perbandingan asam lemak bebas (ALB)/TAG (0,12 > 0,08). Kondisi optimum biokonversi enzimatis ini terjadi pada suhu 40 oC, pH 6, dan waktu inkubasi selama 10 hari. Asam lemak utama penyusun DAG adalah asam oleat (56,2%), palmitat (40,0%), dan miristat (2,7%). Berkurangnya asam palmitat pada DAG dibanding pada TAG menunjukkan bahwa lipase N. sitophila bekerja secara relatif spesifik pada C1 atau C3 dari gliserida.

Produksi dan stabilisasi desaturase dari Absidia corymbifera Production and stabilization of desaturases from Absidia corymbifera . TRI-PANJI; . SUHARYANTO; A W PAULUS; K SYAMSU; A M FAUZI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 70, No 2: Desember 2002
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

SummaryDesaturases are enzymes which catalyze desaturation process on carbon chain of fatty acids into unsaturated fatty acids useful for healthy oil. Desaturases could be produced from Absidia corymbifera and applied for increasing unsaturation level and crude palm oil (CPO) quality. Desaturases have been known as very unstable enzymes. The objective this research was to determine carbon sources and culture time for optimum desaturase production, fatty acid composition resulted from desaturase bioconversion, and methods for stabilization of desaturase from A. corymbifera. Results showed that desaturases from A. corymbifera are intracellular enzymes that reached the highest activity in Serrano-Careon medium with C sources of a mixture of sucrose and paraffin (0.14 U/mL) and C sources of molasses (0.11 U/mL) incubated for 76 and 120 hours respectively. Activity of ∆6 and ∆12 desaturases have been detected in culture filtrate of A. corymbifera. Activiy of ∆12 desaturase was confirmed by increasing of linoleic acid in CPO incubated with culture filtrate and biomass extract, while activity of ∆6 was detected by its conversion as much as 66.48 % linoleic acid into gamma linolenic acid (GLA) that having high economic value. Precipitation of culture filtrate and lipid extraction of biomass were unable to stabilize desaturases. Desaturase degradation rate could be inhibited by isolation and washing of microsome fraction using high salt buffer. This method could stabilize desaturases 70-80% from initial activity at storage temperature 25o C and 50 o C for 6 hours. RingkasanDesaturase merupakan enzim yang berperan dalam proses desaturasi rantai karbon asam lemak menjadi asam lemak tak jenuh yang banyak manfaatnya bagi kesehatan. Desaturase dapat dihasilkan dari Absidia corymbifera dan diamplifikasikan untuk peningkatan ketidakjenuhan dan kualitas minyak sawit mentah (CPO). Enzim desaturase dikenal sangat tidak stabil. Penelitian bertujuan menetapkan sumber karbon dan waktu kultur yang memberikan aktivitas desaturase tertinggi, komposisi asam lemak hasil konversi desaturase dan cara menstabilkan desaturase dari A. corymbifera. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desaturase dari A. corymbifera merupakan enzim intraselular yang mencapai aktivitas tertinggi pada medium Serrano-Careon dengan sumber karbon campuran sukrosa dan parafin (0,14 U/mL) dan sumber karbon molases (0,11 U/mL) masingmasing pada inkubasi selama 76 dan 120 jam. Aktivitas ∆6 dan ∆12 desaturase terdeteksi pada cairan fermentasi A. corymbifera. Aktivitas ∆12 desaturase terdeteksi dari peningkatan persentase asam linoleat pada CPO yang telah diinkubasi dengan cairan fermentasi atau ekstrak biomassa, sedangkan aktivitas ∆6 desaturase terdeteksi dari dikonversinya sebesar 66,48% asam linoleat menjadi asam gamma linolenat (GLA) yang memiliki potensi nilai ekonomis lebih tinggi. Pengendapan filtrat kultur fermentasi dan ekstraksi lipida biomassa tidak mampu menstabilkan desaturase. Laju degradasi desaturase dapat dihambat dengan cara isolasi dan pencucian fraksi mikrosom dengan bufer garam. Cara tersebut dapat mempertahankan aktivitas desaturase 70–80% pada penyimpanan suhu 25o C dan 50o C selama enam jam.

Biokonversi minyak sawit kasar menggunakan desaturase amobil sistem curah pada skala semipilot Bioconversion of crude palm oil using immobilized desaturase in batch system at semi pilot scale . TRI-PANJI; . SUHARYANTO; . GUNAWAN; Khaswar SYAMSU
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 73, No 2: Desember 2005
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

SummaryIncreasing unsaturation level of crude oilpalm (CPO) could be carried out by usingdesaturase enzyme of Absidia corymbifera. Thisbiocatalyst could also produce polyunsaturatedfatty acids (PUFA) such as gamma linolenic acidthat beneficial for healthy oil. The objective ofthis research was to determine the optimumcontact time and ratio of immobilized desaturaseenzyme-substrate in batch system at semi pilotscale (5,000-15,000 mL). Desaturase wasextracted from A. corymbifera biomass andimmobilized on activated zeolite (3-6 mm).Immobilized enzymes were then used forbioconversion process in batch system by mixingthe enzyme with CPO in a bottle placedhorizontally then rotated using a rotator machineat room temperature (25-30 o C). The resultshowed that optimum contact time with ratioimmobilized enzyme-substrate 1:1; 1:2; and 1:3were 30, 40, and 50 min resulted in increasingiodine number 2.84; 3.94; and 4.46 g I 2 /100 gCPO, respectively. An optimum enzyme-subtrateratio was achieved at 1:2, resulted in increasingof iodine number 9-11 g I 2 /100 g CPO, productrecovery of 17,000 mL (21 batches) up to 18 hours. It was detected that active desaturasesduring CPO bioconversion were  6 ,  9 , and  12 desaturases as shown by the increase of oleic(4.5%), linoleic (0,85%) and linolenic acids(60.7%).RingkasanPeningkatan ketidakjenuhan minyak sawitkasar (crude palm oil, CPO) dapat dilakukandengan enzim desaturase Absidia corymbifera.Biokatalis ini juga mampu menghasilkan asamlemak tidak jenuh majemuk (polyunsaturatedfatty acids, PUFA) yang bermanfaat untukkesehatan seperti asam gamma linolenat (GLA).Tujuan penelitian adalah menetapkan waktukontak dan nisbah enzim desaturase amobil-substrat optimum dalam sistem curah pada skalasemipilot (5.000-15.000 mL). Desaturase di-ekstraksi dari biomassa A. corymbifera dandiamobilisasi pada zeolite (3-6 mm) yang telahdiaktivasi. Enzim amobil kemudian digunakanuntuk proses biokonversi dalam sistem curahdengan cara mencampurkan dengan CPO dalambotol yang diletakkan secara horizontal kemudiandiputar dengan mesin rotator pada suhu ruang(25-30 o C). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwawaktu kontak optimum enzim desaturase-substratdengan nisbah 1:1; 1:2; dan 1:3 adalah 30, 40,dan 50 menit dan menghasilkan peningkatanbilangan iod berturut-turut sebesar 2,84; 3,94;dan 4,46 g I 2 /100 g CPO. Nisbah enzim-substratoptimum dalam proses biokonversi CPO adalah1:2 yang menghasilkan peningkatan bilangan iod9-11 g I 2 /100 g CPO dan perolehan produk17.000 mL (21 kali curah) selama 18 jampemakaian. Penelitian juga dapat mendeteksibahwa desaturase yang aktif selama prosesbiokonversi CPO adalah  6 ,  9 , dan  12desaturase yang ditunjukkan oleh peningkatanasam oleat (4,5%), linoleat (0,85%) dan linolenat(60,7%).

Co-Authors . Gunawan . Gunawan . GUSNANIAR . ISROI . MUSLICH . SISWANTO A M Fauzi A W PAULUS Achmad Zainudin Ade Heri Mulyati Agustin Sri MULYATNI Asmini Budiani Chotimah Chotimah Ciptadi Achmad YUSUP Dadan Rohdiana Deden Dewantara ERIS Desi Purwaningsih Diana Widiastuti Didiek H GOENADI Dini Astika SARI Djoko Santoso Erliza Hambali Erna Puspasari Fauziatul FITRIYAH Firda DIMAWARNITA Firda DIMAWARNITA Firda DIMAWARNITA Firda DIMAWARNITA H WIDIASTUTI Hanny Hafiar HAPPY WIDIASTUTI Happy Widiastuti Hyakansa HANIF I HARIANTO I MADE ARTIKA I Made Artika I SUSANTI Iman Rusmana Irma KRESNAWATY K Syamsu Khaswar Syamsu Kuwat Triyana L P SANTI M Irfani ABDULLAH Maemonah, Maemonah MARIA BINTANG Marini Wijayanti Mira Miranti N MARDIANA Nining ARINI Nur Richana P FATURACHIM Priyono Priyono Riza A PUTRANTO Rizki KURNIAWATI Septiany C. Palilingan Shabri Shabri Shabri Shabri, Shabri Shinta PERMATASARI Siti Warnasih Suharyanto Suharyanto MULYOPRAWIRO SUHARYANTO SUHARYANTO Suharyanto Suharyanto Susi Saadah Susy SAADAH Susy Saadah Sutanto . Swastika PRAHARYAWAN Syeda ANDANAWARIH Tri Aminingsih Tri Eko WAHYONO Urip PERWITASAR Urip PERWITASARI Uswatun Hasanah Wita KIMBERLY Yora FARAMITA Yora FARAMITA Yora FARAMITHA Yulian Syahputri Yusianto Yusianto Yusianto Yusianto, Yusianto

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