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All Journal JURNAL HUKUM DiH : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Hasanuddin Law Review Sociological Jurisprudence Journal Jurnal Notariil Journal Equity of Law and Governance Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum Jurnal Preferensi Hukum (JPH) Postgraduated Community Service Journal Community Services Journal (CSJ) Jurnal Analogi Hukum
suryawan, Gusti Bagus
Universitas Warmadewa
Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Reinforcing the Ultimum Remedium Principle in Environmental Law Enforcement: A Three-Layered Approach Under Law No. 32 of 2009 I Gusti Bagus Suryawan; I Putu Ngurah Aryana; Yohanes I Wayan Suryadi; M. Ngurah Arya Yogie Krsna; Mirela Maria Ribeiro Guterres
Jurnal Hukum Vol 41, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Unissula

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26532/jh.v41i2.43298

Abstract

Environmental law enforcement in Indonesia, particularly under Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, faces persistent challenges in applying the principle of ultimum remedium—treating criminal sanctions as a last resort. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of non-criminal sanctions, namely administrative and civil measures, as prerequisites to criminal enforcement in environmental cases. Using a normative juridical method and descriptive-analytical approach, the research analyzes statutory regulations, judicial decisions, and enforcement practices in pollution cases, including hazardous and toxic waste violations. The findings reveal that administrative and civil sanctions remain weak due to limited supervision, lengthy civil procedures, and inadequate compensation mechanisms. Additionally, poor institutional coordination and limited enforcement capacity hinder the transition to criminal sanctions. Community involvement is also underutilized in supporting legal accountability. The study concludes that a more structured three-layered enforcement approach—integrating administrative, civil, and criminal mechanisms—is needed to uphold environmental justice. Strengthening institutional capacity and aligning reparative and retributive principles are essential to ensure the ultimum remedium principle operates effectively. These findings contribute to legal reform efforts and the development of sustainable environmental governance in Indonesia.
Co-Authors A.A. Ayu Wulan Pramesti A.A. Ayu Wulan Pramesti Agus Wandayuda Anak Agung Bagus Brameswara Somanatha Anak Agung Gede Wiweka Narendra Anak Agung Ngurah Bagus Raditya Wikananta Ayu Putu Putri Shinta Dewi Cesaltina Angela Soares Gede Nofantara Putra Hasibuan, Nella I Dewa Gede Anggarisna I Gde Pasek Ari Krisnadana I Gede Ary Setiawan I Gede Kresna Udayana I Gede Ngurah Bayu Krisna I Gusti Agung Ngurah Diego Arimbawa I Gusti Ayu Mas Yuni I Gusti Ayu Suanti Karnadi Singgi I Gusti Made Bayu Nugraha I Gusti Ngurah Putra Pratama I Gusti Ngurah Raka Wedatama I Kadek Andika Setiawan I Komang Agustina Aditya Putra I Made Aditya Mantara Putra I Made Arif Dwi Cahyadi I Made Minggu Widyantara I Nyoman Gede Sugiartha I NYOMAN SUTAMA I Nyoman Sutama I Nyoman Sutama I Nyoman Sutama I Putu Ngurah Aryana I Putu Satya Guna Dharma I Putu Satya Guna Dharma I Wayan Arthana I Wayan Arthanaya I Wayan Arthanaya I Wayan Arthanaya I Wayan Arthanaya I Wayan Arthanaya I Wayan Rideng I Wayan Wirya Sastrawan I. A. Wulan Prawesti I. B. Komang Suarka Indah Permatasari Indah Permatasari Jon Samuel Sonbay Klaustra Adhi Permana Klaustra Adhi Permana Klaustra Adhi Permana Luh Putu Sudini Luh Putu suryani M. Ngurah Arya Yogie Krsna Made Ayu Wangi Utari Suryatika Mirela Maria Ribeiro Guterres Ni Gek Ayu Septi Nohanaa Ni Gusti Ketut Sri Astiti Ni Luh Putu Suryani Ni Made Faniasih Ni Putu Ayu Sutarini Dewi NM Jaya Senastri NM Jaya Senastri Putu Gede Satya Wiguna Putu Suryani . Ria Trisnomurti Senastri, Ni Made Jaya Senastri, Ni Made Jaya Serly Septiana Panca Putri Soares, Cesaltina Angela Suryani, Luh Putu Trisnomurti, Ria Wayan Arthanaya Widiati, Ida Ayu Putu Wiguna, Putu Gede Satya Yohanes I Wayan Suryadi