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Febby J. Polnaya
Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pattimura, Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena Kampus Poka Ambon 97233
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Pengaruh penambahan sari Citrus microcarpa terhadap sifat fisiko kimia dan organoleptik jelly drink tomat apel (Lycopersicum pyriforme): The Effect of addition of Citrus microcarpa lemon juice against physicochemical and organoleptic properties of jelly drink tomato apple (Lycopersicum pyriforme) Azabi, Difatri; Ega, La; Polnaya, Febby J.
AGROMIX Vol 14 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35891/agx.v14i1.3183

Abstract

𝘐𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯: 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘪𝘮 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘺 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘥𝘦𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘦 𝘱𝘩𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘤𝘰𝘤𝘩𝘦𝘮𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘴𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘰𝘳𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘭𝘦 𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘰 𝘫𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘥𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘬𝘴 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘥𝘥𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘊𝘪𝘵𝘳𝘶𝘴 𝘮𝘪𝘤𝘳𝘰𝘤𝘢𝘳𝘱𝘢 𝘭𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘯 𝘫𝘶𝘪𝘤𝘦. 𝘔𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘥: 𝘈 𝘴𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘭𝘦 𝘧𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘵𝘦𝘭𝘺 𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘻𝘦𝘥 𝘦𝘹𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘭 𝘥𝘦𝘴𝘪𝘨𝘯 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘧𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘭𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘭𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘊. 𝘮𝘪𝘤𝘳𝘰𝘤𝘢𝘳𝘱𝘢 𝘫𝘶𝘪𝘤𝘦 (0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 0.50%). 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘻𝘦𝘥 𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘱𝘩𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘵𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘴 (𝘴𝘺𝘯𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘪𝘴), 𝘤𝘩𝘦𝘮𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘵𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘴 (𝘮𝘰𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘵, 𝘱𝘏, 𝘷𝘪𝘵𝘢𝘮𝘪𝘯 𝘊, 𝘴𝘰𝘭𝘶𝘣𝘭𝘦 𝘴𝘰𝘭𝘶𝘵𝘦), 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘴𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘰𝘳𝘺 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘦𝘴 (𝘵𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘦, 𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘳, 𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦, 𝘴𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘱𝘰𝘸𝘦𝘳, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘭𝘭) 𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘰𝘣𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘦𝘥. 𝘗𝘩𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘤𝘩𝘦𝘮𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘻𝘦𝘥 𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘥𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘴 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘳𝘨𝘢𝘯𝘰𝘭𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘪𝘤 𝘥𝘢𝘵𝘢 𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘻𝘦𝘥 𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘒𝘳𝘶𝘴𝘬𝘢𝘭 𝘞𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘪𝘴. 𝘙𝘦𝘴𝘶𝘭𝘵: 𝘈𝘱𝘱𝘭𝘦 𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘰 𝘫𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘥𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘬 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘥𝘥𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 30% 𝘊𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘭𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘯 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘧𝘰𝘶𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘣𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘵𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵, 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘴𝘺𝘯𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘪𝘴 73.63%, 𝘸𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘳 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘵 82.87%, 𝘱𝘏 4.60%, 𝘷𝘪𝘵𝘢𝘮𝘪𝘯 𝘊 4.34 𝘮𝘨/𝘨, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘹 𝘣𝘳𝘪𝘹 16.35%. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘰𝘳𝘺 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘴 𝘴𝘩𝘰𝘸𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘭𝘦 𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘰 𝘫𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘥𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘬 𝘩𝘢𝘥 𝘢 𝘵𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘦 𝘰𝘧 4.14 (𝘭𝘪𝘬𝘦𝘴), 𝘢 𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦 𝘰𝘧 4.24 (𝘭𝘪𝘬𝘦𝘴), 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘱𝘰𝘸𝘦𝘳 𝘰𝘧 4.06 (𝘭𝘪𝘬𝘦𝘴), 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘢𝘯 𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘤𝘤𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘰𝘧 4.36 (𝘭𝘪𝘬𝘦𝘥) 𝘣𝘺 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘢𝘯𝘦𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘴. 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘤𝘭𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯: 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘤𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘭𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘯 𝘫𝘶𝘪𝘤𝘦 𝘩𝘢𝘥 𝘢 𝘴𝘪𝘨𝘯𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘦𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵 (𝘱 < 0.05) 𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘵𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘶𝘵𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘢𝘭𝘭 𝘰𝘳𝘨𝘢𝘯𝘰𝘭𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘪𝘤 𝘢𝘵𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘶𝘵𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘫𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘥𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘬. 𝘈𝘱𝘱𝘭𝘦 𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘰 𝘫𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘣𝘺 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘢 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘢 𝘫𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘥𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘬 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘩𝘢𝘴 𝘢 𝘵𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘦 (𝘯𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘭), 𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦 (𝘤𝘩𝘦𝘸𝘺), 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘴 𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘺 𝘵𝘰 𝘴𝘶𝘤𝘬.
Physicochemical characteristics of modified tapioca using microwave heating Sangadji, Rosmiati; Polnaya, Febby J.; Tetelepta, Gilian
AGROMIX Vol 15 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35891/agx.v15i1.3800

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the physicochemical characteristics of tapioca modified by microwave heat treatment. Methods: The assessment was carried out using a one-factor Completely Randomized Design, namely microwave heat treatment with four levels of commercial tapioca. These included microwave tapioca (TMW), microwave washing tapioca (TPMW), and microwave soaking tapioca (TPRMW) with three replications. The variables observed were chemical tests including moisture and ash content, with physical characteristics such as solubility, swelling power, water, and oil holding capacity (OHC). The data obtained were assessed using MINITAB 21 analysis of variance, followed by Tukey’s test when there was a significant difference. Results: The best treatment was found to be a modification of starch using microwave heat in TPRMW, producing 8.01% moisture content, 0.13% ash content, 32.80% swelling power, 24.76% solubility, 218.50% water holding capacity (WHC), and 176.93% OHC. Conclusion: Modification treatment using microwave heat caused chemical and physical changes in tapioca to experience a decrease in moisture content, ash content, swelling power, solubility, and OHC compared to natural tapioca. However, this treatment increased WHC, which was specifically observed for TPRMW.
The effect of modified heat moisture treatment with microwave on physicochemical characteristics of sago starch Santoso, Sugeng; Polnaya, Febby J.; Picauly, Priscillia
AGROMIX Vol 15 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35891/agx.v15i2.4240

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties of forage sago starch using a microwave with different moisture content, namely 20%, 25%, and 30%. Method: A randomized non-factorial design was used with four treatment levels, namely native starch, HMTMW20, HMTMW25, and HMTMW30. Furthermore, the analyzed parameters were moisture and ash content, water and oil absorption, swelling power, and solubility. Result: The results showed that moisture content of forages (9.35-12.20%) was lower than native starch (13.08%), ash content of sago starch forages (0.15-0.23%) was lower than native sago starch (0.30%), water absorption of HMTMW sago starch (216.19-317.47%) was higher than native sago starch (222.07%). Furthermore, the absorption of HMTMW sago starch oil (189.73-208.40%) was higher than native starch (176.53%), swelling power value of HMTMW sago starch (23.33-31.90%) was relatively lower than native sago starch (33.07%), solubility of HMTMW sago starch (12, 38-18.47%) was relatively lower than native sago starch (21.00%). Conclusion: HMTMW with different initial moisture content (20, 25, and 30%) using 40% power for 15 minutes caused changes in the physicochemical properties of sago starch. In addition, higher concentrations of the initial treatment caused an increase in moisture content and water and oil absorption, while ash content, swelling power, and solubility decreased.
Pengaruh penggunaan jenis gas terhadap mutu daging tuna selama penyimpanan dingin: The effect of using different types of gases on tuna meat quality during cool storage Siahaya, Anho Netty; Setha, Beni; Loppies, Cindy; Tawari, Ruslan Husen Saban; Polnaya, Febby Jeanry; Pagaya, Joseph; Siahaya , Anho Netty
Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia Vol. 28 No. 4 (2025): Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 28(4)
Publisher : Department of Aquatic Product Technology IPB University in collaboration with Masyarakat Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia (MPHPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17844/jphpi.v28i4.61517

Abstract

Penyimpanan dingin merupakan metode umum dalam pengolahan ikan, namun efektivitasnya tergantung pada teknologi pendukung, termasuk jenis gas dalam kemasan. Penggunaan gas yang tepat dapat menghambat oksidasi, mencegah pertumbuhan mikroorganisme, dan menjaga warna, tekstur, serta cita rasa daging tuna. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan jenis gas terbaik terhadap mutu daging tuna selama penyimpanan dingin. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 1 faktor dengan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan jenis gas yang digunakan adalah tanpa gas (A0), karbon monoksida (A1), filtered smoke (A2), dan gas non-kondensat yang berasal dari tempurung kelapa (A3), kulit batang sagu (A4), dan kayu jambu biji (A5). Sampel tuna loin disemprotkan dengan gas-gas tersebut, kemudian kantong plastik ditutup rapat dan disimpan pada suhu 1-4°C selama 3 hari. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi pH, total volatile base (TVB), kadar mioglobin, dan angka lempeng total (ALT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan gas CO (A1) secara signifikan menurunkan kadar TVB dan mempertahankan kadar mioglobin tuna loin, serta memperlambat penurunan kualitas dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Gas non-kondensat dari tempurung kelapa (A3) dan kulit batang sagu (A4) juga memberikan hasil yang cukup baik, namun gas CO terbukti paling efektif dalam mempertahankan kesegaran tuna. Hasil ini menunjukkan potensi penggunaan gas non-kondensat alami sebagai alternatif ramah lingkungan dalam memperpanjang umur simpan produk tuna. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan solusi baru untuk menjaga kualitas daging tuna dalam proses distribusi dan penyimpanan dingin, serta memberi kontribusi terhadap pengembangan teknologi penyimpanan ikan yang lebih berkelanjutan.
Substitusi Pati Sagu dalam Pembuatan Mi Basah dengan Penambahan Sari Wortel (Daucus carrota L) Batuwael, Tusye F; Polnaya, Febby J; Augustyn, Gelora H
Tropical Small Island Agriculture Management Vol 3 No 1 (2023): Tropical Small Island Agriculture Management
Publisher : Pattimura University Ambon Maluku Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/tsiam.2023.3.1.1

Abstract

Wet noodles with carrot extract (Daucus carrota L.) are one of the diversified products from carrots to increase the added value. This study aimed to determine the best carrot extract treatment for making wet noodles. This study was designed using a completely randomized design with a single factor, namely the substitution of sago starch in the manufacture of wet noodles with the addition of carrot extract repeated twice. The results showed that based on the physicochemical results, the addition of 500 g carrots was the best treatment with a moisture content of 49.36%, an ash content of 1.26%, a protein content of 7.97%, a fat content of 1.21%, a carbohydrate content of 40.20%, a water absorption of 0.54%, and a cooking loss of 9.83%.
Kandungan Mioglobin dan Warna pada Ikan Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Loin yang Diaplikasi dengan Gas Non Kondensat Loppies, Cindy R M; Setha, Beni; Tawari, Ruslan H S; Polnaya, Febby J; Pagaya, Joseph; Siahaya, Antho N
AGRITEKNO: Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Vol 14 No 2 (2025): AGRITEKNO: Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/jagritekno.2025.14.2.181

Abstract

The use of carbon monoxide gas in handling export-quality tuna loins gas has been prohibited by the FDA due to its residual effects. As an alternative, filtered smoke derived from the combustion of hardwood has been proposed. However, this gas is expensive and primarily produced in Hawaii. During the production of liquid smoke, a non-condensable gas is generated that contains carbon monoxide and may serve to preserve quality, including color and myoglobin content. The aim of this research was to identify the components of non-condensable gas and evaluate its application on tuna loins. A descriptive method was employed, and the data were presented in images and tables. The materials used included sago waste (waa sagu) and tuna loins (Thunnus albacares). Observations involved analyzing the composition of the non-condensable gas from sago waste, as well as changes in color and myoglobin content of tuna loins treated with the gas. The analysis identified 12 components in the non-condensable gas, including nitrogen and carbon monoxide. Tuna loins treated with this gas maintained a red color and a myoglobin content of 49.31±0.70 mg %.
Karakteristik Fisikokimia Tepung Pisang Tongka Langit (Musa troglodytarum L.) Pregelatinisasi dengan Variasi Penambahan Air Tetelepta, Gilian; Sarman, La; Augustyn, Gelora H; Polnaya, Febby J
AGRITEKNO: Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Vol 14 No 2 (2025): AGRITEKNO: Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/jagritekno.2025.14.2.190

Abstract

This study aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties of pregelatinized tongka langit banana flour with varying levels of water addition. A completely randomized design with a single factor of water addition was employed, consisting of four treatment levels (0, 15, 20, and 25%) and three replications. The results indicated that tongka langit banana flour, both without and with pregelatinization treatment, exhibited water content ranging from 5.38 to 12.90%, ash content from 3.88 to 17.96%, water absorption capacity from 1.54 to 1.83%, solubility from 0.13 to 0.20%, swelling power from 0.14 to 0.17 g/g, and amylose content from 15.23 to 23.33%. Pregelatinization treatment enhanced water absorption capacity, amylose content, swelling power, and solubility, while reducing the water and ash content of tongka langit banana flour.
Karakteristik Kimia Makanan Jajanan Berbahan Dasar Sagu (Sagu lempeng, Sagu Tumbu, Sarut, Bagea, Kue bangket) Palijama, Syane; Lawalatta, Petranes; Polnaya, Febby J
Jurnal Agrosilvopasture-Tech Vol 4 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Agrosilvopasture-Tech
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/j.agrosilvopasture-tech.2025.4.2.214

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze and determine the chemical characteristics of various sago-based snacks. A completely randomized design was employed with five treatments: sago tumbu, sarut, kue bangket, bagea, and sago lempeng, each replicated three times. The parameters observed included moisture content, ash content, protein content, fat content, and reducing sugar content. The results indicated that sago flakes contained 12.68% moisture, 0.13% ash, 0.19% protein, 0.04% fat, and 0.09% reducing sugar. Sago tumbu exhibited 9.47% moisture, 0.19% ash, 3.99% protein, 15.79% fat, and 23.56% reducing sugar. Sarut contained 3.98% moisture, 0.29% ash, 1.33% protein, 9.28% fat, and 5.46% reducing sugar. Bagea showed 6.67% moisture, 0.16% ash, 3.29% protein, 9.86% fat, and 0.23% reducing sugar. Meanwhile, kue bangket had 3.26% moisture, 0.21% ash, 7.17% protein, 27.23% fat, and 11.33% reducing sugar. These findings highlight the diversity of chemical compositions among sago-based snacks, which may influence their nutritional value and potential applications in food product development.
Karakteristik fisikokimia tepung lima varietas lokal gembili dan potensinya dalam pengembangan mi bebas gluten Markus Jambormias; Didah Nur Faridah; Tjahja Muhandri; Febby Jeanry Polnaya
AGROINTEK Vol 19, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v19i2.25571

Abstract

The development of gluten-free noodles using gembili flour offers an alternative solution to reduce Indonesia's heavy reliance on wheat flour while anticipating various health issues related to gluten consumption. This research aims to identify the physicochemical characteristics of gembili flour from five local varieties and to identify the varieties with the most potential for developing gluten-free noodles. Physicochemical characterization of flour includes measuring proximate, crude fiber, and amylose levels as well as flour pasting profile. The best varieties are identified through a theoretical approach based on the physicochemical properties of flour, especially amylose content, setback (ST), and final viscosity (FV), which are used as selection indicators. Empirical proof was carried out by measuring the cooking loss (CL) of noodles to verify the theoretical approach. The physicochemical properties of flour and CL of gembili noodles are greatly influenced by differences in varieties, except for gelatinization temperature and peak time. The Fufulu, Kapok and Kapok Kayanik varieties have high values and are not significantly different in the three selection indicators. The three varieties exhibited amylose, ST, and FV levels of approximately 23%, 204.5-276.50 cP, and 724.5-1012.5 cP, respectively. GT-Biplot analysis shows that only the Kapok and Kapok Kayanik varieties are the best varieties because they have a strong and positive relative position for the three selection indicator variables and a very negative relative position in contrast to CL compared to the other three local varieties. The Kapok variety was chosen as the best variety because it is superior in terms of nutrition and availability of raw materials compared to the other four varieties. The Kapok variety has amylose content, ST, FV, and CL of 23.19±0.34 %, 276.50±3.54 cP, 1012.5±71.4 cP, and 19.78±0.66 %, respectively.
Co-Authors Agustina Souripet Alfons, Natalia D. J. Alfredo Andelson Huwae Augustyn, Gelora Helena Azabi, Difatri Batuwael, Tusye F Buton, Fitri Ramadanti Cynthia G. C. Lopulalan Cynthia G. C. Lopulalan D.W. Marseno Desta Janu Kuncoro Devidson Wattimena Difatri Azabi Djagal W. Marseno Dorina Kelmaskosu Ega, La Erynola Moniharapon Esau Damamain Ester D Leatemia Ester D Leatemia Ester D. Leatemia Ester D. Leatemia Ester D. Leatemia Esther Kembauw Gilian Tetelepta Gilian Tetelepta Haryadi Haryadi Haryadi Haryadi Hayati Latuconsina Hilda Hilda Ismi Fitriani J. Talahatu Jambormias, Karlos L Johanna M. Luhukay Kelirey, Rudi La Ega La Ega La Ega Lawalatta, Petranes Leatemia, Ester D. Loppies, Cindy Loppies, Cindy R M Mardiman Mardiman Marfin Lawalata Markus Jambormias Meitycorfrida Mailoa Meivie Matulessy Milian Tengker Natalia D. J. Alfons Natelda R Timisela Natelda Rosaldiah Timisela Neima Nurjannah Pagaya, Joseph Palijama, Syane Priscillia Picauly Priscillia Picauly Priscillia Picauly Priscillia Picauly, Priscillia Rachel Breemer Ramalan, Aprillianti Rosana Tuharea Rosmiati Sangadji Rumyaan, Maria Ruslan Husen Saban Tawari S. Palijama Sangadji, Rosmiati Sarman, La Setha, Beni Sherly Amelia Ayhuan Siahaya , Anho Netty Siahaya, Anho Netty Siahaya, Antho N Sigmarlatu, Trisonda Siletty, Lambertina Sophia G. Sipahelut Souripet, Agustina Stevianus Titaley Sugeng Santoso Syane Palijama Tetelepta, Gilian Tetelepta, Gilian Tjahja Muhandri Tuhumury, Helen C.D. Umanahu, Irfan Valenszya Jozias Vita N. Lawalata Vita Novalina Lawalata