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Paradoks Penggunaan ChatGPT dalam Pendidikan Tinggi: Studi Literatur Sistematis tentang Manfaat Akademik dan Risiko Ketergantungan Kognitif Mahasiswa Maenuddin Bustanil Syah
Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan Vol 12 No 5.D (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan
Publisher : Peneliti.net

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Abstract

The rapid adoption of ChatGPT in higher education has produced a paradox between expanding academic benefits and the emergence of cognitive dependence risks among university students. This study aims to identify the dominant forms of academic benefits, map the indicators of cognitive dependence, and analyze how the relationship between these two dimensions has been conceptualized in recent literature. A Systematic Literature Review approach was employed, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The literature search was conducted in the Scopus database for English-language peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2023 and 2025. Methodological quality was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, and a thematic synthesis was applied to the included studies. The synthesis revealed two opposing clusters of findings. On one hand, ChatGPT was consistently reported to enhance academic performance, learning efficiency, and support for writing tasks and formative feedback. On the other hand, its use without pedagogical scaffolding triggered cognitive offloading, weakened critical thinking, and fostered over-reliance on AI-generated outputs. The relationship between benefits and risks is contextual, contingent upon instructional design and students' AI literacy rather than being intrinsic to the technology itself. These findings underscore the need for institutional policy frameworks and integration of AI literacy into the curriculum to position ChatGPT as a reflective dialogic partner rather than a cognitive substitute.
Pemanfaatan Kecerdasan Artifisial dalam Multimedia Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar: Studi Literatur Sistematis Maenuddin Bustanil Syah
Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan Vol 12 No 6.A (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan
Publisher : Peneliti.net

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Abstract

This study aims to map research trends, identify types of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies employed, analyse their effectiveness on student learning outcomes, and identify research gaps in the utilisation of AI-based learning multimedia at the elementary school level. A systematic literature review (SLR) guided by the PRISMA 2020 protocol was conducted across three internationally reputable databases Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC yielding 29 selected articles from 15 countries (2021–2025) through a rigorous selection process (κ = 0.83). Findings reveal an accelerating growth in publications dominated by East and Southeast Asian countries. Seven categories of AI technology were mapped: adaptive learning systems, augmented reality, conversational AI agents, AI-powered digital games, virtual reality, learning analytics, and generative AI. Cross-study evidence consistently demonstrates the effectiveness of AI-integrated multimedia in improving academic achievement, motivation, and learning personalisation. Five critical research gaps were identified: the scarcity of longitudinal studies, limited research in non-WEIRD contexts, insufficient attention to ethics and data privacy, minimal AI integration in non-core subjects, and the absence of comprehensive teacher professional development frameworks for AI implementation.