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CENK BLONK LEATHER PUPPET PERFORMANCE WITHIN POPULAR CULTURAL CONTEXT Marajaya, I Made Marajaya; Suastika, I Made Suastika; Dibia, I Wayan Dibia; Ratna, I Nyoman Kutha
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Vol 8 No 3 (2015): Volume 8, Number 3, August 2015
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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This present study is intended to discuss the Cenk Blonk leather puppet performance “Wayang Kulit Cenk Blonk (abbreviated to WKCB) within the popular cultural context. If viewed from the perspective of cultural studies, this present study is concerned with a new reality and phenomenon in the Balinese puppetry art. The Balinese leather puppet performance, which does not refer to the source book of the shadow play story “pakem pewayangan” and the puppetry norm “Dharma Pewayangan”, is preferred by many people. This present study analyzes the form, factor, and meaning of the WKCB performance with the popular cultural context using the theory of popular culture, the theory of deconstruction, and theory of discourse. The qualitative interpretative method was used. The data were obtained through observation, in-depth interview, and documentary study. The data were analyzed using the descriptive, qualitative and interpretative method of analysis. The data were presented starting from the basic data, data presentation, data analysis and conclusion. The result of the study shows (1) the WKCB was performed as part of the promotional activity; (2) the WKCB was performed as part of the socialization activity; (3) the WKCB was performed as part of the commemoration of anniversaries. Second, the factors contributing to the WKCB performance within the popular cultural context included: creativity, art sustainability, the practice for the supporting artists, the modern cultural impact, the advance in technology, and the market demand. The meanings of the WKCB performance within the popular cultural context included: the aesthetic meaning, the social meaning, the welfare meaning, the amusing meaning, the political meaning, the conservation meaning, and the image meaning. The novelty shows that the WKCB performance within the popular cultural context presents the elements of popular works, popular discourses, the change in presentation, the change in the performing apparatus, and the freedom in receiving messages from those who have it performed to be transmitted to viewers.

SA NGAZA IN RELIGIOUS AND TRADITIONAL RITUALS PERFORMED BY THE NGADA ETHNIC PEOPLE IN FLORES Banda, Maria Matildis; Kusuma, I Nyoman Weda; Ratna, I Nyoman Kutha; Pudentia, Pudentia
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Volume 9, Number 4, November 2016
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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This cultural study was conducted based on the primary data kasa’o (the traditional house bestowal of blessing) and wo’soDewa (the church bestowal of blessing). The study was intended to reveal the elements causing the oral tradition Sa Ngaza (TLS) in the traditional ritual ‘ritual adat’ (RA) are still performed in the religious ritual ‘ritual keagamaan’ (RKA), the function and meaning of TLS in RA and RKA, how it has been inherited. The study used the theory of formula, the theory of semiotics, and the theory of practice, especially the practice of capital. The data were collected using the techniques of observation, interview, and documentation. Sa Ngaza is unique in regard to its pattern of formula in the same dimension in general and in the opening and closing formulas in particular. These formulas support the transmission of TLS, causing mori Sa Ngaza (the Sa Ngaza reporter) to be able to maintain the continuity of TLS and its growth in RA and RKA. The opening formula explains the identities of the characters. The thematic formula in RA and RKA reports different contents. TLS in RA emphasizes patadela (the ancestor’s massage); TLS in RKA emphasizes the Biblical massage. The meaning plurality in RA and RKA explains the acculturative relationship between the tradition and religion. In this relationship there is a shift in the identities of the characters, sa’o (the traditional house), and patadela. The hierarchy of leadership in the tradition and religion can save and hamper the oral tradition. Therefore, TLS can be generally inherited based on the role of leadership through families and society, religious institutions, and education.

SPIRITUALITY OF GENDANG RITUAL OF DEATH PERFORMED BY THE KARO ETHNIC PEOPLE IN THE GLOBALISATION ERA Ginting, Pulumun Peterus; Ratna, I Nyoman Kutha; Suastika, I Made Suastika; Dibia, I Wayan Dibia
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Vol 8 No 1 (2015): Volume 8, Number 1, Februari 2015
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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The gendang ritual of death, which is performed by the Karo ethnic people, has changed a lot in regard to its spirituality in the globalization era. Such change, which has caused the gendang ritual of death to be secularized, results from the interaction between the local cultural elements and the global cultural ones; meaning that a new form and meaning have appeared. This present study is intended to identify, analyze and explain what such change is like, the factors contributing to it and its implication. This present study was designed as a qualitative study using the critical interdisciplinary and multidimensional approach of cultural studies. The theory of deconstruction, the theory of comodification, and the theory of semiotics were used to answer such questions. The data were analyzed descriptively, qualitatively, and interpretatively. The data were collected through observation, in-depth interview, documentary study, and library research. Three conclusions were inferred from the present study. First, the form of the change in spirituality of the gendang ritual of death performed by the Karo ethnic people in the globalization era; second, the factors contributing to such change; third, the meaning of such change. The study shows that the interaction between the local culture and global culture has marginalized the local cultural values; as a result, such a ritual has a new meaning, and is becoming degraded and secularized.

THE PICTURE AND CULTURAL STRUGGLE OF THE BALINESE WOMEN IN THE NOVELS WRITTEN BY PANJI TISNA, PUTU WIJAYA, AND OKA RUSMINI Gde Artawan; I Nyoman Kutha Ratna; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma; I Nyoman Suarka
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol. 5. Januari 2011 No. 2
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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This study aims at revealing the picture and cultural struggle of the Balinesewomen in the novels written by Panji Tisna, Putu Wijaya, and Oka Rusmini, identifyingthe intertextuality of their works and the women’s attitude towards sociopoliticaldiscourse and the discourse of equality in gender. The texts investigated are the novelswritten by Panji Tisna entitled Ni Rawit Ceti Penjual Orang (1935) and Sukreni GadisBali (1936); the novel written by Putu Wijaya entitled Putri published in two books(2004); and the novels entitled by Tarian Bumi (2000) and Kenanga (2003).The theories such as the sociological theory of literature, the theory of feminismand the theory of intertextuality were adopted for investigating the novels. The resultsof the study show the real situation undergone by the women such as the strongconfinement of tradition, the manifestation of the situation undergone by themarginalized and subordinated women, suppression, taming (cooptation), the role ashard workers (double-burden), the role as single parents, the victims of violence and thetaming process (cooptation). Based on such a real situation, the female characters in thenovels showed their cultural struggle by accentuating concepts/the framework ofthinking, reinterpreting and behaving towards tradition. From the intertextuality point ofview, the female characters in the novels were consistent in their vision towardstradition. This was shown by implementing ideas/insights, reinterpreting and behavingtowards the space in the texts. However, as far as sociopolitical discourse and thediscourse of equality in gender are concerned, they behaved differently. Somecompromised on sociopolitical reality and equality in gender and the others were highlyreactive and tended to show struggles through their ways of thinking and behaving.This is the only study which has investigated the novels written by Panji Tisna,Putu Wijaya and Oka Rusmini at the same time. The novelty is that there isintertextuality among the novels. Such intertextuality is in the form of thematicelements which include sociopolitical discourse and the discourse of equality in gender.

DISCOURSE OF AGURON-GURON SYSTEM IN GEGURITAN SIDHA YOGA KRAMA (GSYK) Ni Putu Parmini; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma; I Nyoman Kutha Ratna; I Made Suastika
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol. 8. Juli 2014 No.2
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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The object of the present study is the text of Geguritan Sidha Yoga Krama (hereinafter referred to as GSYK). This text contains narrations narrating priesthood teaching, which is interesting enough to discuss nowadays. The analysis in the present study is intended to answer the question concerning the discourse of the aguron-guron system in the GSYK text. The answer to this question is the specific objective of the present study. As a qualitative study, the data of the present study were collected using observation and interview methods. The data were also obtained through library study and using reading technique. The results of the present study are informally presented, meaning that the results of the present study are described using words which are systematically arranged in accordance with the findings. The analysis of the GSYK discourse includes the theme, plot and prominent characterization. It was found that there were three entities in the GSYK text, as far as the change in status from being walaka into being sadhaka is concerned; they are (1) the ethics of the senior priest ‘nabe’ and the prospective priest ‘sisya’; (2) the ceremony in which someone is informally acknowledged as a priest referred to as pediksan; (3) the implementation of Hinduism. The results of analysis showed that GSYK was a narrative discourse made up of pupuh (strophes), narrating the priesthood teaching ‘ajaran kapanditaan’ with the aguron-guron system, meaning that the priesthood teaching is transmitted through informal learning. It could be concluded that GSYK could be used as a resource of the priesthood teaching which could be transmitted through the aguron-guron system, making the priesthood teaching easier and more interesting. The aguron-guron system could be observed more comprehensively through geguritan (philosophical verse); it is not only an educational medium but also an amusement. The priest ‘pandita’ is responsible for transmitting such a teaching to people.

CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN THREE MOTINGO BUSYE’S ROMANCE “POPULAR” NOVELS Maizufri -; I Nyoman Kutha Ratna; I Wayan Cika; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol. 7. Juli 2013 No. 2
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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This study is entitled Cultural Diversity in Three Motingo Busye’s Romance “Popular” Novels and explored three novels written by Motingo Busye (hereinafter abbreviated to MB), Fatimah Chen Chen, Hotel Halekulani, and Seribu Senja di Roma. It aimed at identifying the cultural styles used in the three novels using the theory of intertextuality proposed by Julia Kristeva. It investigated how the writer described the images of many cultures in the world narrated in the three novels using the sociological approach and psychological approach. It revealed the characterization of the main characters during their lives through the sequence of id, ego, and super ego. Apart from that, several cultural forms as to how the writer named the characters in the three novels were also investigated. The forms of cultural diversity found in the present study are as follows (1) out of 76 characters in the three novels coming from four countries, seven cities and regions, 38 forms of images coming Europe, America, and Asia (Taiwan and Indonesia) were found; (2) from the process of characterization of the main characters, as far as their images were concerned, it was found that the forms of cultural pluralism varied; they were samen leven (living together), polygamy, and the phenomenon of illegitimate children; (3) Apart from that, with regard to how the characters were named (the naming process), the three novels showed the nuance of cultural pluralism involving various cultures in the world. It turned out that how the so many characters were named needed high and wide awareness and knowledge of various cultures as the material of the essence of the images.

THE STRUGGLE OF GENDER EQUALITY IN FIVE NOVELS OF Nh. DINI Siti Norma Nasution; I Nyoman Kutha Ratna; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol.7. Januari 2013 No. 1
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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This study explores the problems of women , patriarchal culture and the fight for gender equality as exposed in Nh. Dini’s novels. There are still many women who are trapped in domestic sector and loose their rights to manage their own lives with their own way. There have been many women who are successful working in public sector, but the number are still very small compared to the number of men who are successful. This study tends to expose the problems of women to reach gender equality for women. This study is importantly conducted because Nh. Dini’s literary works reveal the problems of women related to patriarchal culture which hampers the progress of women. The present study is different with the previous one, because this study explores feminism ideology which is against patriarchal culture and tradition which is still adopted by people as portrayed in five novels of Nh. Dini. The theory of Dinamic Structuralism is used to explain the interconnection of all aspects and components of the novels to get the complete meaning. The theory of Sociology of Literature is used to relate the social problems in the novels to the realities in the real world. The theory of Feminism is used to understand the novels related to women problems, patriarchal culture and gender equality. Text analysis based on the problems of the study revealed that many women are still trapped in domestic sector, still dominated by patriarchal culture. They loose their fundamental rights to manage their own lives and to improve their lives quality to become qualified women. Consenquently the women are so dependent on other people. Analysis about the factors which caused the poverty and misery of women revealed that the main cause of the women problems in the novels is patriarchal culture. The women are not permitted to work in public sector to earn their own lives. Consenquently many women become poor for being jobless. The fight for gender equality that revealed in five novels are in agreement with the thought of feminism ideology, among others is the fight to get education and job. Feminism ideology also fight to free women from patriarchal domination by living without marriage or claiming for divorce from the husband who can not protect their wives anymore.

BAGURAU: MINANGKABAU ORAL LITERATURE IN LUHAK NAN TIGO WEST SUMATRA Khairil Anwar; I Wayan Cika; I Nyoman Kutha Ratna; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol. 4. Juli 2010 No. 2
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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This research presents the results of analysis and the description of severalproblems related to the oral literary work of Bagurau which have not beencompletely and deeply analyzed by previous researchers. The problems are related tothe oral literary text of Bagurau. In line with the problems discussed, qualitativemethod with sociological approach is applied in this study. This means that theresearch was initiated by comprehending the data and then the theory ofdeconstruction, that is, the theory of “trace” functions and the theory ofhypersemiotics were chosen for analyzing the data. The theories were observed insuch a way that they could be synthesized into one theory or a novelty.The description of the results of analysis was initiated by presenting thesocial context of Bagurau which was then continued with the forms of the textincluding the construction of the text with regard to its scheme, communicativepattern, formulas, sound elements, style, diction, theme, characters and setting. Basedon the deconstruction pattern introduced by Derrida, as far as the text of Bagurau isconcerned, several new forms of text have been found developing. They are theforms of parody, schizophrenia, kitsch, pastiche, hybrid, eclectic, and nonsense.Based on what has been traced, the text of Bagurau used to function as amusement toexpress joy, production and reproduction of local culture, expression, representation,economy, introspection, and togetherness. Then the meanings which have been foundare the meanings of pluralism, egalitarianism, emancipation, democracy, theideology of parewa, destruction of phallocentrism, solidarity, social control, and self- esteem - embarrassment.

ENERGY OF NOVELS SAMAN, NAYLA, AND PETIR IN LITERARY PUBLISHING INDUSTRY Sugiarti -; I Nyoman Kutha Ratna; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma; Ayu Sutarto
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol. 4. Januari 2010 No. 1
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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The research was based on the notion that novels Saman, Nayla, and Petir haveuniqueness in the exploration of ideas, narration style, and such typical techniques that creatednew esthetics. Besides, the literary works were written by three creative, innovative andknowledgeable young women who, in expressing their ideas and thoughts, were able to totallyframe story and give energy to the novels Saman, Nayla, and Petir. In the history of Indonesiancontemporary literary works, they (Ayu Utami, Djenar Maesa Ayu, and Dewi Lestari) wereknown to have produce monumental works, which in turn received good responses in Indonesianliterature publishing industry.This research is aimed at describing (a) thematic aspect and energy of the novels Saman,Nayla and Petir, which encourages literature publishing industry to publish; (b) readers’reception of the themes novels Saman, Nayla, and Petir in social and cultural change andpublishing industry; (c) relevance of cultural industry and economic praxis of readers, bookmarket and publishing industry of literary history. The research method used was descriptivewith qualitative and hermeneutic approaches. Meanwhile, the data was deeply analyzed in theunderstanding, content, and context. The analysis was conducted in cyclic and counter balancedways to gain deep understanding of writers’ thoughts, readers’ responses to the literary works,and the role of publishing industry with available market prospect. The research was based ontheory of post structuralism, reception, intertext, and cultural industry in literature.The research results showed that (1) thematic aspects and energy of the novels Saman,Nayla, and Petir as a context described women’s concern about social and cultural structure,patriarchy culture, and conflicts between traditional and modern structures. There were vulgarand jumping expressions, contrasting dictions, fantasy and symbolic language, the use of naturalstyle, free narrative, surprising and scientific techniques. The narative strength, characteristic, anduniqueness of the novel Saman, Nayla, and Petir have motivated the publishing industry topublish them ; (2) readers’ reception to the themes of the novels Saman, Nayla, and Petir inrelation to social and cultural change, and literature publishing industries in Indonesia, could becategorized into two parties, pro and contra. The socio and cultural change has caused the literaryvalues not to be bound by time and space. Such values keep growing and changing ; (3) relevanceof cultural industry and economic practice of readers’ book market and publishing industry ofliterary history, it could be seen that model became collective, business and ideological orientedinstead of other more important things. Indonesian literary history has experienced reduction as aresult of the development of cultural industry, regardless the fact that it was still based on estheticstandard.

TRI HITA KARANA AND HYDROLIC CYCLE BASED ON VEDA A.A. Kade Sri Yudari; I Nyoman Suarka; I Nyoman Kutha Ratna; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma
e-Journal of Linguistics 2016: Vol 10. No. 1 January
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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Hydrologic cycle refers to the route of water cycle or the journey made by water on the earth’s surface. Water can change in form, and flows in various places before finally it gets back to the biggest source, that is, the ocean. Approximately 71% of the earth is covered with the ocean. Talking about the hydrologic cycle cannot be separated from talking about the sun and the ocean, that is, the impact of the rise and fall of the tides. In Veda, the traditional geography, in general, and in Tatwa and Purana, in particular, it is stated that the earth is divided into two parts; they are the main land and the ocean. The question is how deep the Hindu theology and philosophy about the hydrologic cycle is. The water on the earth’s surface evaporates, resulting from the hot ray radiated by the sun. In Reg. Veda Samhita.I.164.51, it is strongly stated that “the water on the earth’s surface rises due to evaporation”. After evaporation, water changes into water drops or fine dews referred to as clouds. There are many types and forms of clouds which may lead to storms; however, some have no impact. When such clouds are already formed, they are brought to every area of the earth’s surface. When they reach the saturation point, a natural phenomenon appears which is referred to as rain. The falling water makes the earth wet, fills up dams, flows along rivers, and fertilize every type of life on earth. Rain measures how the hydrologic cycle takes place. Therefore, it should be recognized that it is important to maintain the hydrologic cycle, which determines that the earth’s fertility and prosperity will not be disturbed. The Hindu teaching is rich in such a philosophy referred to as Tri Hita Karana. Even in very religious ritual water is always mainly used for purification. The sources of water such as wells, rivers, lakes, showers, and oceans are made to be physically and spiritually sacred. The concepts of balance and harmony are easily found in rituals and the philosophy of Veda, the holy book. Almost all the Hindu rituals and philosophies refer to the balanced and harmonious nature. The Hindu philosophy that it is important to protect water for all the creatures on the earth’s surface can guarantee the life sustainability. The life of every creature cannot be separated from water. If the hydrologic cycle which supports every life on earth is damaged, then the human life on earth will be damaged as well.

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