Hendri Sayuti
Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

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Sejarah Pemikiran Empat Ulama Mazhab Hanifah, Syifa; Sayuti, Hendri
Mauriduna: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 5 No 5 (2024): Mauriduna: Journal of Islamic Studies, December 2024
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Bahasa Arab Ar Raayah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37274/mauriduna.v6i1.1376

Abstract

Sejarah pemikiran empat ulama mazhab Hanafi, Maliki, Syafi’i, dan Hanbali merupakan warisan intelektual yang signifikan dalam hukum Islam. Pemikiran mereka mencerminkan upaya merespons kebutuhan masyarakat yang beragam di berbagai konteks sosial dan geografis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji latar belakang, metodologi, dan kontribusi masing-masing mazhab dalam perkembangan hukum Islam, sekaligus menyoroti relevansinya di era modern. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi literatur, penelitian ini menganalisis karya-karya utama para pendiri mazhab dan literatur sekunder yang mendukung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap mazhab memiliki ciri khas metodologis yang unik: Mazhab Hanafi dikenal dengan fleksibilitasnya melalui qiyas dan istihsan, Mazhab Maliki menonjolkan tradisi amal ahlul Madinah, Mazhab Syafi’i memperkenalkan sistem usul fikih yang sistematis, dan Mazhab Hanbali menekankan pendekatan literal yang berpegang pada teks. Keempat mazhab ini tidak hanya berkontribusi dalam membentuk sistem hukum Islam yang responsif, tetapi juga menawarkan variasi pendekatan dalam menegakkan keadilan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keberagaman metodologis dalam empat mazhab tidak hanya memperkaya tradisi hukum Islam, tetapi juga memberikan fleksibilitas dalam merespons dinamika zaman, menjadikan hukum Islam relevan hingga masa kini. The History of Thought of the Four Mazhab Scholars—Hanafi, Maliki, Syafi'i, and Hanbali—represents a significant intellectual legacy in Islamic law. Their thoughts reflect efforts to respond to the diverse needs of society in various social and geographical contexts. This study aims to examine the background, methodology, and contributions of each mazhab in the development of Islamic law while highlighting their relevance in the modern era. Using a qualitative approach through literature study, this research analyzes the primary works of the mazhab founders and supporting secondary literature. The findings reveal that each mazhab has a unique methodological characteristic: the Hanafi mazhab is known for its flexibility through qiyas (analogical reasoning) and istihsan (juridical preference), the Maliki mazhab emphasizes the tradition of amal ahlul Madinah (practices of the people of Madinah), the Syafi'i mazhab introduced a systematic usul fiqh methodology, and the Hanbali mazhab focuses on a literal approach grounded in textual sources. These four mazhabs not only contribute to shaping a responsive Islamic legal system but also offer diverse approaches to achieving justice. This study concludes that the methodological diversity of the four mazhabs enriches the tradition of Islamic law and provides flexibility in addressing the dynamics of the times, ensuring its continued relevance today.
Dinamika Politik dalam Pembentukan Hukum Keluarga Islam: Analisis Sosiologi Hukum Islam Wartono, Nanang; Sayuti, Hendri
Tazkir: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-ilmu Sosial dan Keislaman Vol 11, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24952/tazkir.v11i2.17731

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the political dynamics in the formation of Islamic family law in Indonesia through the perspective of the sociology of Islamic law. The study focuses on how the interaction between the state, religious scholars, and society shapes the character of family law, adapting it to social change and the values of modernity. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical library research method. Data were obtained from various scientific literature, laws and regulations, and official documents related to Islamic family law. The analysis was conducted using content analysis and thematic analysis techniques to identify ideological patterns, power relations, and political influences in the formation of Islamic law. The results show that Islamic family law in Indonesia is the result of political negotiations between conservative and reformist groups, in which the state acts as a mediator between religious authority and the demands of modernity. The role of religious scholars and religious organizations is ambivalent, serving as both guardians of morality and tools of political legitimacy. Furthermore, women's involvement remains symbolic, and the legislative process is often influenced by electoral interests and the politicization of religious identity. This study confirms that Islamic family law is not merely a normative product but also an arena of complex social and political interactions. The implication is that the renewal of Islamic family law must be directed towards a participatory, inclusive, and socially just paradigm to align with the principles of maqāṣid al-shari‘ah and the needs of modern society.