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DINAMIKA KEPENTINGAN TIONGKOK DI LAOS GOLDEN TRIANGLE SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE DALAM PERSPEKTIF GEOPOLITIK NICHOLAS Natalie Desta Karunia; Suryo Sakti Hadiwijoyo; Triesanto Romulo Simanjuntak
Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): Nopember 2025
Publisher : Bajang Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53625/jirk.v5i6.11752

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of China’s interest in the Laos Golden Triangle Special Economic Zone (GTSEZ) through the geopolitical perspective of Nicholas Spykman. The development of the Laos GTSEZ in the border area between Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar represent not only an economic project but also a strategic instrument for expanding China’s geopolitical influence in Southeast Asia. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-explanatory approach. The result indicates that the development of the Laos GTSEZ carries a dual dimension, functioning both as an economic project and as a geopolitical instrument. From Spykman’s geopolitical perspective, the Laos GTSEZ reflects China’s strategy to dominate the Southeast Asian rimland as part of its effort to maintain and expand its global influence. Therefore, the establishment of the Laos GTSEZ has implications not only for regional economic growth but also for shifting geopolitical power in Southeast Asia.
Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia Dalam Meningkatkan Hilirisasi Industri Nikel Pasca Larangan Ekspor Bijih Nikel (2020-2024) Tantri Maria Anindita; Triesanto Romulo Simanjuntak; Roberto Octavianus Cornelis Seba
Journal of Integrative International Relations Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): November
Publisher : Center for Integrative International Studies Laboratory, Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/jiir.2025.10.2.136-156

Abstract

This study describes Indonesia's economic diplomacy strategy for promoting the nickel industry downstream following the implementation of the nickel ore export ban policy in 2020. The author will review Indonesia's economic diplomacy efforts or strategies in promoting the nickel industry downstream following the 2020 nickel ore export ban using the concepts of economic diplomacy and dependency theory. The author employs a qualitative approach through a literature review. This study found that Indonesia's economic diplomacy employs a combination of bilateral and multilateral approaches, including establishing cooperation with key partners such as China and South Korea. This diplomacy is carried out to maintain the downstream policy and attract foreign investment to develop the nickel processing sector. Despite facing challenges from the European Union through the WTO, Indonesia remains determined to maintain this policy aiming to create domestic added value and reducing dependence on raw material exports. These findings demonstrate how economic diplomacy serves as an effective instrument in achieving Indonesia's national interests.
Co-Authors Adhanofa, Alfadhea Ajeng Avishanic Zasha Amber Eleonora Andhika Joshua Loandy Limin Anindy Pranavita Anindya Chandradewi Anityo, Alliva Saudia Anthony, Calvin Fritz Artha Madya Saragih Atin, Auliya Audry Rambudevi Juanaline Mboeik Auliya Atin Ayu Aruni Chandradewi, Anindya Charisma Putri Wangsa Christian Herman Johan De Fretes Claudia T. Wattimena Cornelis Seba, Roberto Octovianus Cristin Fariani Dafri Agussalim Darell Collin Eugenius Msen Dharma, Nathania Yunita Fenny Novita Rantepadang Firnanda Haumahu, Jessica Fretes, Christian Herman Johan de Gloria Britania Rambi Hadiwijoyo, Surya Sakti Irawan, Kesya Permata Ariesta Jenni Anthonetha Susanti Henukh Jessica Nadyla Indriyani Novita Tinangon Joanike Cornelia Leo Rohi Jofanka Alfiano Joshua Gerry Mangkubudi Juliette Heuvel Harlapan Juniantoro, Rei Antonio Liur, Marrinda Kevin Jeremiah M.A Therik, Wilson Maharani, Elika Puspa Marcerio Britama Putra Maria Kristian Dwi Rahayu Marthin Ronaldy Ledoh Matheo Manoe MJ, Hosana Monika Sari Wijaya Monique Tuhumury, Scheline Muhammad Fahmi Nadea Ansela Roring Natalie Desta Karunia Natasha Alexandra Bhisa Nau, Novriest Umbu W. Nelwan, Irene Natasha Novriest Umbu W. Nau Novriest Umbu Walangara Nau Novriest Umbu Walangara Nau Petsy Jessy Ismoyo Prasetya, Rafael Putra Pratiwi, Wahyu Eka Putri Hergianasari Putri Herginasari R. M. Suryo Sakti Hadiwijoyo Rani Mardhika Regina Beta Finessean Loso Roberto Octavianus Cornelis Seba Roberto Octavianus Cornelis Seba Roberto Octavianus Cornelis Seba Roberto Octovianus Cornelis Seba Roberto Oktavianus Cornelis Seba Seba, Roberto Octavianus Cornelis Setiawan, Bagas Candra Shane Resley Kuhuparuw Sherin Natasya Priscilla Sidney Mayra Aquila Gerungan Simanjuntak, Stefhani Krisna Mei Sri Suwartiningsih Stefan Lamuel Ayub Surya Sakti Hadiwijoyo Suwandy, Dhanico Talaperu, Joel P. N. Tantri Maria Anindita Tia Angelina Tiffany Xierry Amanda Anggono Timpal, Felina Marthina Tunjung Wijanarka Umbu W.N., Novriest Umbu, Novriest Vania Olathia Venerini Gisela Wanguwesio Veren Giovanny Tandi Payung Vina Benita Laksono Wahyu Eka Pratiwi Warfandu, Ribka Juliana Angganeta Wimartha, Febrina Yopi Yaser Umbu Lolu Yeda Yosafat Cahya Pradipta