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All Journal JURNAL INTEGRASI PROSES Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) YUSTISI Al-Ard: Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering G-Tech : Jurnal Teknologi Terapan Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings Yustisi: Jurnal Hukum dan Hukum Islam ABSYARA: Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat International Journal of Eco-Innovation in Science and Engineering (IJEISE) AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Jurnal Pengbdian Teknik Mesin Archive: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Abdimas Le Mujtamak Madani: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Kewirausahaan Environation (Environmental Engineering Journal of Community Dedication)
Ika Nawang Puspitawati
Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia
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Synthesis of Calcium Phosphate from Snail Shell Waste Using the Hydrothermal Method Rochman, Ananda Arif; Rahman, Nazila Aulya; Sani, Sani; Pujiastuti, Caecilia; Puspitawati, Ika Nawang
G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan Vol 10 No 2 (2026): G-Tech, Vol. 10 No. 2 April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Raden Rahmat, Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70609/g-tech.v10i2.9325

Abstract

The utilization of biowaste as an alternative raw material has attracted increasing attention in biomaterial research. Snail shell waste, which is abundant and underutilized, contains a high calcium carbonate content and offers a unique, low-cost, and sustainable precursor for calcium phosphate synthesis, particularly for bone substitute applications. This study aimed to synthesize calcium phosphate from snail shell waste using the hydrothermal method and to evaluate the effects of pH and hydrothermal time on phase formation, purity, and particle size. The shells were calcined at 800 °C for 4 hours to produce calcium oxide (CaO), then reacted with phosphoric acid at pH 8–12 under hydrothermal conditions for 25–125 minutes. The precipitates were dried and sintered at 1000 °C for 5 hours. X-ray fluorescence analysis showed a CaO content of 99.20%. X-ray diffraction revealed calcium hydrogen phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and calcium carbonate phosphate hydroxide phases. The highest hydroxyapatite content (54%) was obtained at pH 8 and 25 minutes. Higher pH and longer processing time reduced purity. Scanning electron microscopy showed granular morphology, with particle sizes decreasing from 63 nm to 28 nm as pH increased. Although promising, the hydroxyapatite content does not yet meet RSNI3 ISO 13175-3:2012 requirements.
Co-Authors Abdul Rachman Wirayudha Abdullah Tsani M.N.K Achmad Achmad Achmad Rahditya Viman Anggoro Ahmad Thobroni Akbar Alif Julian Putra Rahmandika Anggraeni, Ika Favia Anita Ristikawati Annisa Mutiara Salma Haque Anwar, Rangga Febry AR Yelvia AR Yelvia Sunarti AR Yelvia Sunarti Ardika Nurmawati, Ardika Aristio, Rivaldi Arke, Nadya Ramadhani Aziz Hafizh Tauhid Caecillia P udjiastuti Dimas Nur Arifianto Dyah Suci Perwitasari Erwan Adi Saputro Erwan Adi Saputro Erwan Adi Saputro Febry Widiatniko Handy Handy, Febry Widiatniko Hasanah, Rofidatul Isharyanto Isharyanto Juventino, Syahdhan Adiyah Islami Juwana, Krishna Rahmad Kindriari Nurma Wahyusi Laili Mabrur Rohma Lintang Sekar Wulandari Setyabudi Lucky Indrati Utami Lucky Indrati Utami Luluk edahwati Luluk Edahwati M. Fikri M.N.K, Abdullah Tsani Moch Akbar Munin Putra Moh Nur Fuadzi Mohamad Nabhan Putra Redian Muljani, Sri Mutasim Billah Novel Karaman Nungki Mela Sari Nurfauziah, Rosavinda Padmasari, Rahmita Pasang, Tim Perwitasari, Diyah Suci Pradana, Novan Sandhi Prakoso, Satryo Arya Pramuji, Faiq Hawaari Ahmad Prasetya, Delia Shelamita Pujiastuti, Caecilia Putri Sinta Dewi Sinaga Raditya, Dendy Wahyu Rahman, Nazila Aulya Rahmita Padmasari Ramandani, Adityas Agung Rasendriya Putra Reswara Rochman, Ananda Arif S Suprihatin Sagala, Maria Tania Agustia Sani Sani Sari, Dewa Ayu Made Dearwita Sintha Soraya Santi Sirait, Esterly Septiana Sulaiman, Yusri Risyad Suprihatin Susilowati Syopianti, Sherina Tri Tauhid, Aziz Hafizh Tiffanie Dewi Arifilla Wahyu Dwi Lestari Wati, Ika Yuliana Yudhistira, Nashrulfatih Yusratus Sakinah