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KONDISI TELUR PADA BERBAGAI BAGIAN CABANG KARANG Acropora nobilis Chair Rani; Dedi Soedharma; Ridwan Affandi; , Suharsono
Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan dan Perikanan Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2004): Juni 2004
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (301.031 KB)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi telur menurut tingkat perkembangannya, rataan jumlah telur per polip dan proporsi polip yang reproduktif pada berbagai bagian cabang karang A. nobilis. Sebanyak 10 koloni A. nobilis yang berdiameter > 15 cm diambil contohnya secara acak di bagian barat laut perairan terumbu karang Pulau Barrang Lompo, Kepulauan Spermonde, Makassar pada tanggal 27 Januari 2002 (satu hari sebelum bulan purnama). Polip dari tiga bagian cabang (apikal, tengah dan basal) diperiksa jumlah telur yang dikandungnya secara histologis. Terdapat interaksi antara pertumbuhan dan reproduksi terhadap alokasi sumber daya pada berbagai bagian koloni karang. Alokasi sumber daya terhadap fungsi biologi tertentu akan mengorbankan fungsi biologi lainnya. Pertumbuhan karang yang terlokalisasi pada bagian tertentu suatu koloni karang berhubungan dengan rendahnya aktivitas reproduksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata (p < 0.001) distribusi telur menurut tingkat perkembangannya pada berbagai bagian cabang karang. Bagian tengah cabang memiliki proporsi polip karang yang berkaitan dengan lokasi energi untuk pertumbuhan yang lebih reproduktif (100%) dengan kandungan rataan jumlah telur yang lebih tinggi (5.22 butir/potongan polip) dibanding bagian apikal dan basal cabang.Kata kunci: Distribusi, telur, cabang karang, Acropora nobilis

KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN HUBUNGAN GENETIKA PLASMA NUTFAH KELAPA DI KAWASAN MALESIA TIMUR BERDASARKAN PENANDA RAPD N. L. Mawikere; A. Hartana; E. Guhardja; , Suharsono; H. Aswidinnoor
Zuriat Vol 18, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Breeding Science Society of Indonesia (BSSI) / PERIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/zuriat.v18i1.6758

Keanekaragaman genetika yang tinggi dari suatu populasi tanaman sangat bermanfaat sebagai sumber genetika potensial untuk pogram pemuliaan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman genetika plasma nutfah kelapa di kawasan Malesia Timur menggunakan penanda RAPD. Total bahan tanaman yang dianalisis adalah 265 pohon kelapa, yang berasal dari 27 populasi kelapa dari Papua, PNG, Sulawesi, dan Maluku. DNA total dari 265 pohon kelapa diamplifikasi menggunakan 10 primer acak (dekamer) yang diseleksi dari 60 primer acak RAPD. Sebanyak 234 fragmen DNA dapat diamplifikasi oleh 10 primer tersebut dan 100% adalah pita DNA polimorfik. Kemiripan genetika intra-populasi dan antar-populasi dari semua populasi kelapa yang diturunkan dari Koefisien Keselarasan Sederhana masing-masing adalah 74%− 84% dan 57%−77%. Analisis pengelompokan berdasarkan metoda UPGMA dapat mengelompokkan 14 populasi kelapa dari Papua menjadi 2 kelompok utama. Kelompok 1 adalah semua individu dari populasi kelapa Biak dan kelompok II adalah populasi-populasi kelapa dari daerah lain di Papua. Populasi kelapa Papua dan PNG mempunyai hubungan genetika yang sangat dekat, terutama dengan populasi kelapa dari Manokwari, Merauke, dan Jayapura. Analisis UPGMA ini juga dapat mengidentifikasi bahwa populasi kelapa Papua-PNG lebih dekat hubungan genetikanya dengan populasi kelapa Sulawesi dibandingkan dengan populasi kelapa Maluku.

Keragaan dan Keragaman Genetik Sifat-sifat Kuantitatif Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merrill) pada Generasi Seleksi F6 Persilangan Varietas Slamet x Nakhonsawan1 Jambormias, Edizon; Sutjahjo, Surjono H.; Jusuf, Muhammad; Suharsono, ,
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 35 No. 3 (2007): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

A field experiment to obtain new improved soybean varieties with higher yield and seed size was conducted by crossing Slamet Variety (high yield, small seed size) with Nakhonsawan (large seed size) in order to produce F6 selected generation. The process of selection and evaluation was conducted during a 3.5 month period, from August to December 2003 in KP IPB Sindang Barang Bogor. The pedigree selection method was used in the experiments. Data was analyzed based on information of set of total data, relatives and individually. The results showed that low performance for all traits compared to the Slamet variety except seed size and seed production traits, and higher than Nakhonsawan variety except seed size. However, genetic variances and heritabilities were high for all traits except number of branch. On the other hand, distribution of genetic variances and heritabilities on all levels of relatives were small except for the within-family F6 generations. This indicated that there was an effect of over-dominance gene action. Conclusion of analysis showed existence of two families with high seed production and seed size if compared to Slamet variety. Key words: Soybean, selection, performance, genetic variability, and heritabilities.

Analisis Generasi F2 dan Seleksi Pertama dari Persilangan Kedelai antara Kultivar Slamet dan Wase Suharsono, ,; Jusuf, Muhammad
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 37 No. 1 (2009): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v37i1.1390

The research had an objective to analyse the population of F2 and first selection (S1) generations of the cross between soybean cultivar Slamet and Wase. The ultimate goal of this research is to obtain the elite cultivars of soybean having high yield, big seeds, and tolerant to acid and aluminum stresses. The genetic variance and heritability in the broad sense of all characters observed of F2 population were very high. The seed productivity of F2 population was higher than that of Slamet and Wase cultivars. The size of seeds of F2 population was bigger than that of Slamet and comparable to that of Wase. The heritability in the broad sense of all characters of F2 population was very high because the maximum segregation occurs in F2 and the two parents had a very different genetic back ground. By using 7.5% selection intensity based on productivity, we got selected F2 population having productivity two times than that of Slamet. Seeds of this selected F2 population were bigger than that of F2 population and cultivar Slamet. The S1 population had seed productivity higher than Slamet and Wase cultivars. The heritability in the broad sense of all characters of S1 population was smaller than that of F2 population caused by the selection. The selection by 4.8% intensity resulted the selected S1 population having productivity three times than that of cultivar Slamet and big seeds. The selected S1 population had a phenotype variance of productivity smaller than S1 population. Therefore, the selected S1 population is very potential to be developed as elite soybean cultivars. Key words: soybean, genetic variance, heritability, selection, F2 population

Pembentukan Tanaman Cabai Haploid Melalui Induksi Ginogenesis dengan Menggunakan Serbuk Sari yang Diradiasi Sinar Gamma Suharsono, ,; Alwi, Muhammad; Purwito, Agus
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 37 No. 2 (2009): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

The objective of this research was to obtain haploid hot pepper plants by inducing gynogenesis with g-ray irradiated pollen for pollination. Fruits resulted from pollination by irradiated pollen was used as the explants of the in vitro culture in solid MS medium containing BAP, IAA and GA3. The resulted plants then cultivated in MS0 medium. The result of the research showed that hot pepper immature embryo could grow and developed into whole plant when the age of this embryo was 9 days after pollination or more. The haploid hot pepper plants can be obtained by pollinating the pistil with 10 Gy irradiated pollen. The MS medium containing BAP 0.3 + IAA 0.2 + GA3 0.5 mg/l and BAP 0.4 + IAA 0.1 + GA3 0.5 mg/l supported well the development of immature embryo into whole plants. The growth of haploid hot pepper plants was slower than that of diploid ones. Key words: Hot pepper, haploid plant, gynogenesis, g-ray.

Perbanyakan Padi Fl Interspesifik untuk Bahan Silang Balik (Back Cross) Syukur, M.; Aswidinnoor, H.; Suharsono, ,
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 31 No. 2 (2003): Buletin Agronomi
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

A lot of plant materials are needed for successful back cross program of interspecific FI rice to their recurrent parents. Multiplication of the steril FI plants through tiller propagation is not adequate. The research aims to develop technique of vegetatif multiplication of interspesific hybrid rice utilizing nodal segments. In the vegetatif multiplication experiment, several factors were examined as treatments: nutrition culture (MS, Yoshida, and water), stum position (first, second and third) and growth media (vermiculite, husk charcoal, and sand). The plant materials are interspecific FI rice i.e. Ranah Sanra (genom AA) x O. officinalis 100870 (genom CC), Hawara Bunar (genom AA) x O. Punctata 9101411 (genom BB), Grogol (genom AA) x O. punctata 9101411 (genom BB), CT 6510-24-1-3 (genom AA) x O. malamphuzaensis 100957 (genom BBCC). Results of the study indicated that MS and Yoshida nutrition, stum without sheath, base of stum and sand media gave better growth more than other treatments. Key words: Vegetatif multiplication, FI interspecific

Transformasi Genetik Tanaman Kentang cv. Atlantik Dengan Mengintroduksikan Gen Hordothionin untuk Mendapatkan Ketahanan terhadap Penyakit Bakteri Nurhasanah, ,; Wattimena, G. A.; Purwito, Agus; Wiendi, Ni Made Armini; Suharsono, ,
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 31 No. 2 (2003): Buletin Agronomi
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Hordothionins are small anti-bacteria proteins present in barley endosperm, To reveal the potential of this proteins for engineering bacterial disease resistance into potato, a semi-synthetic hordothionin gene construct was introduced in potato cv. Atlantic via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404, under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 358 promotor. The in vitro grown stem (internodus) was used in this research. After 6 weeks in regeneration medium and 2 weeks in rooting medium there were 22 regenerated plants that were screened in kanamycine containing medium. PCR analysis using spesific primer from CaMV 358 promotor showed the presence of amplified T-DNA in 4 transgenic lines from 22 putative transgenic plants were tested, The in vitro toxicity against Ralstonia solanacearum tested from transgenic lines showed variation in resistance level, There were only 2 of the transgenic lines were tolerant, while one of them was moderate tolerant even one of them was susceptible. Key words: Potato, Hordothionin gene, Disease resistance

Isolasi dan Pengklonan Fragmen cDNA Gen Penyandi H+-ATPase Membran Plasma dari Melastoma malabathricum L. Muzuni, ,; Sopandie, Didy; Suharsono, Utut Widyastuti; Suharsono, ,
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 38 No. 1 (2010): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Melastoma malabathricum L. grows well in acid soil with high level of soluble aluminum. One of the important proteins in the detoxifying acid and aluminum stress is a plasma membrane H+ -ATPase protein encoded by PMA gene. The objective of this research was to isolate and clone the cDNA fragment of MmPMA encoding plasma membrane H+ -ATPase from M. malabathricum L. By reverse transcription, total cDNA had been synthesized from the total RNA as template. The fragment of MmPMA cDNA had been successfully isolated by PCR by using total cDNA as template and PMA primer designed from conserved region for corresponding gene. This fragment had been successfully inserted into pGEM-T Easy and the recombinant plasmid was successfully introduced into E. coli DH5". Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the length of MmPMA fragment is 806 bp encoding 268 amino acids. Local alignment analysis based on nucleotide of mRNA showed that MmPMA fragment was 81% identical to part of PMA of Sesbania rostrata, Juglans regia, and Prunus persica. Based on deduced amino acid sequence, MmPMA was 94% identical to part of PMA of Juglans regia; 93% to PMA of S. rostrata, and Arabidopsis thaliana. MmPMA fragment has phosphorylation intermediate domain (DKTGT) and ATP binding domain (KGAP, DPPR, MITGD, and GDGVN). Keywords: isolation, Melastoma malabathricum L., MmPMA fragment, sequencing

RNAi dari Fragmen 3’UTR Gen Penyandi H+ -ATPase Membran Plasma Melastoma malabathricum L. dapat Menghambat Pertumbuhan Tanaman Tersebut Muzuni, ,; Sopandie, Didy; Suharsono, Utut Widyastuti; Suharsono, ,
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 41 No. 2 (2013): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

The RNA silencing technique is an effective tool to examine the biological function of the target mRNA in plants. The recent development of GATEWAYTM cloning technology makes it easy to construct the RNAi vectors with trigger sequences and to analyze the function of a target gene. The objective of this research was to construct RNAi including the 3’UTR fragment of the gene coding plasma membrane H+-ATPase from Melastoma malabathricumL., 3’UTRMmpma. RNAi vector had been successfully constructed using GATEWAYTM cloning technology with the 3’UTRMmpma was used as double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) trigger sequence, pENTRTM/D-TOPO®as entry vector, and pANDA plasmid as destination vector. RNAi had been successfully introduced into M. malabathricumL. mediated by A. tumefaciensEHA101 to analyze the function of Mmpma gene in the detoxifying Al stress. Based on the test of transgenic plants tolerance to Al stress showed that in the nutrient solution including 3.2 mM Al (AlCl3.6H2O), the transgenic plants underwent growth suppression especially roots and leaves, whereas non-transgenic plants underwent growth normally. It showed that suppression of Mmpmagene expression by RNAi to M. malabathricumL. caused the plant became sensitive to Al.Keywords: 3’UTRMmpma, A. tumefaciens, Al stress, RNAi vector

Keragaan dan Hubungan Berbagai Komponen Hasil Tanaman Karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) pada Dua Populasi Hasil Persilangan PB 260 dengan PN Novalina, ,; Jusuf, M.; Wattimena, G. A.; Suharsono, ,; Daslin, Aidi
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 36 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Latex yield of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) is a complex trait influenced by external and internal factors. In this trial, F1 progenies of two populations (crossing PB 260 as high latex yielder x PN as low latex yielder) and their parents were used to study the characteristic of yield components, namely physiology, anatomy and growth characters which influence latex yield. Based on statistic analysis, it showed that latex yield of two populations had high variation among their F1 progenies. The other variables such as girth, bark thickness, number of latex vessel rings, plugging index, sucrose content and inorganic phosphate content also showed high variation. Based on path analysis and stepwise regression, it showed that the number of latex vessel rings and plugging index had bigger direct effect on determining latex yield of A population (PB 260 x PN 7111), while girth and plugging index variables had bigger direct effect on latex yield of C population (PB 260 x PN 7).

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