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All Journal Jurnal MIPA PHARMACON CHEMISTRY PROGRESS JURNAL LPPM BIDANG SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Kumawula: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat The Studies of Social Sciences Vivabio : Jurnal Pengabdian Multidisiplin Jurnal Ilmiah Sains
Audy Denny Wuntu
Program Studi Kimia FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health Social Sciences

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Perbaikan Proses Pembuatan Gula Merah Aren di Pabrik Gula Aren Masarang Tomohon Pontoh, Julius; Wuntu, Audy
Jurnal MIPA Vol 3, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jm.3.2.2014.5316

Abstract

Pabrik gula aren Masarang Tomohon saat ini memiliki masalah rendahnya efisiensi produksi akibat pembentukan bongkahan gula selama tahap akhir pemprosesan gula. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan efisiensi proses produksi gula di pabrik dengan penekanan pada sorpsi air oleh gula dan pada penghancuran bongkahan gula selama produksi serbuk gula aren (gula semut). Umur simpan gula merah aren diestimasi dengan kurva isoterm absorpsi menggunakan rumus Labuza. Penghancuran gula dilakukan mula-mula melalui penentuan jenis gilingan, diikuti dengan membuat desain gilingan dan membangun konstruksi gilingan. Perhitungan umur simpan gula menghasilkan angka 6,4 tahun umur simpan. Konstruksi gilingan gula dibuat didasarkan pada gilingan martil (hammer mill) dengan kapasitas untuk mengurangi sisa produk hingga 1,28 persen.The Masarang Palm Sugar Factory in Tomohon is currently facing to the problems of the low efficiency production due to the crumble formation during the last step of sugar processing and the question of the shelf life of the product. Therefore the goal of this research is to improve the palm sugar processing at the factory by focusing to the understanding the water sorption by the sugar and to break down the sugar crumbles during the brown sugar powder production.  The shelf life of the brown palm sugar was estimated by the isotherm absorption curve followed by application of Labuza formula.  The sugar milling was processed by firstly determined the milling type, followed by designing the mill and then constructed it.  The calculation of shelf life of the sugar product was found as 6.4 years.  The sugar milling was constructed based on the hammer mill with the capacity to reduce the crumbles as low as 1.28 percent.
Pengaruh Transesterifikasi Minyak Kepala Ikan Tuna (Thunnus Albacares) Menggunakan Pereaksi Metanol dan Etanol Jacobus, Meyffi Merrylin; Pontoh, Julius; Wuntu, Audy Denny
Jurnal MIPA Vol 10, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jmuo.10.1.2021.31201

Abstract

Telah dilakukan penelitian pengaruh metode transesterifikasi minyak kepala ikan tuna (Thunnus albacares) menggunakan pereaksi metanol dan etanol.  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan pengaruh pereaksi metanol dan etanol pada proses transesterifikasi. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan pada transesterifikasi minyak ikan tuna yaitu dengan menggunakan dua reaktan sumber alkil yaitu metanol dan etanol. Alkil ester asam lemaknya dianalisa dengan kromatografi gas. Transesterifikasi menggunakan pereaksi metanol dilakukan dengan katalis asam BF3 dan pereaksi etanol dilakukan dengan katalis basa NaOH dan KOH. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kandungan asam lemak utama dalam minyak ikan pada kepala tuna adalah DHA, palmitat dan linoleat. Transesterifikasi minyak ikan dengan metode asam ( BF3 dan metanol ) dan basa ( NaOH dan etanol ) menghasilkan komposisi beberapa asam lemak yang berbeda. Asam lemak DHA memiliki nilai tertinggi pada pereaksi etanol dengan katalis KOH yaitu 33.55%. Asam lemak palmitat 23,09% lebih tinggi pada pereaksi etanol dengan katalis NaOH. Asam lemak linolelaidat lebih tingi pada transesterifikasi menggunakan pereaksi metanol dengan katalis BF3 yaitu 20,98%Research on the effect of the transesterification method of tuna fish head oil (Thunnus albacares) using methanol and ethanol reagent has been carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of methanol and ethanol reagents on the transesterification process. The research methodology used in the transesterification of tuna fish oil (Thunnus albacares) is by using two alkyl source reactants, namely methanol and ethanol where the fatty acid alkyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography. Transesterification using methanol reagent was carried out with BF3 acid catalyst and ethanol reagent was carried out with alkaline NaOH and KOH catalysts. The results showed that the main fatty acid content in fish oil in tuna's head was DHA, palmitate and linoleic. Transesterification of fish oil using acid (BF3 and methanol) and alkaline (NaOH and ethanol) methods resulted in the slightly different of fatty acid composition. DHA fatty acid has the highest content in ethanol reagent with KOH catalyst, namely (33.55%). Palmitic fatty acid (23.09%) was higher in the ethanol reagent with NaOH catalyst. And linolelaidic fatty acid was higher in transesterification using methanol reagent with BF3 catalyst, namely (20.98%).
SINTESIS NANOPARTIKEL Fe3O4–POLIETILEN GLIKOL (PEG) 6000 DARI PASIR BESI PANTAI HAIS SEBAGAI ADSORBEN LOGAM KADMIUM (Cd) Tatinting, Gabriel Dinnydio; Aritonang, Henry F; Wuntu, Audy D
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol 14, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.37192

Abstract

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang sintesis nanopartikel Fe3O4 dari pasir besi pantai Hais dengan metode kopresipitasi dan digunakan sebagai adsorben logam kadmium (Cd). Dalam sintesis nanopartikel tersebut digunakan polietilen glikol (PEG) 6000 sebagai agen penstabil ukuran partikel. Nanopartikel yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi menggunakan X-Ray diffractometry (XRD) dan Scanning electron microscope (SEM) dan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan penambahan PEG 6000 dapat mempengaruhi ukuran partikel Fe3O4 yang dihasilkan. Selanjutnya nanopartikel Fe3O4-PEG 6000 dianalisis kemampuannya sebagai adsorben logam Cd menggunakan spektofotometer serapan atom (AAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan nanopartikel Fe3O4-PEG 6000 dalam menyerap logam Cd lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan nanopartikel Fe3O4 tanpa penambahan PEG 6000.ABSTRACK A research has been carried out on the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles from the iron sand of Hais beach using the coprecipitation method and the material was used as an adsorbent for Cadmium (Cd) metal. In the synthesis of these nanoparticles, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 was used as a particle size stabilizer. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using X-Ray diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the results showed that the addition of PEG 6000 could affect the particle size of Fe3O4 produced. Furthermore, Fe3O4-PEG 6000 nanoparticles were analyzed for their ability to adsorb Cd2+ ion using Atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that the ability of Fe3O4-PEG 6000 nanoparticles to adsorb Cd2+ ion was better than that of Fe3O4 nanoparticles without the addition of PEG 6000.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Lantana camara Fresh Leaf Extract for Qualitative Detection of Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Mn2+ in Aqueous Solution Henry Fonda Aritonang; Talita Kojong; Harry Koleangan; Audy Denny Wuntu
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 21, No 4 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.64902

Abstract

This research was focused on the discovery of new environmentally friendly sensors based on nanoscale materials whose main purpose was to detect the presence of heavy metals in aqueous solutions. The environmentally friendly extracellular biosynthetic technique was applied to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNps). The reducing agents used were distilled water and ethanol extract obtained from fresh leaves of Lantana camara. The silver-containing extracts (Ag-extract) were then used to detect the presence of Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Mn2+ in aqueous solutions by the colorimetric method using UV-visible spectroscopy. The colloidal synthesis of AgNPs was then monitored by the same method. The spectrum obtained showed peaks between 430 and 450 nm according to the Plasmon absorbance of AgNP. AgNPs' size and shape were characterized using the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) technique, which showed the average size varies from 1.6 to 25 nm. The colorimetric data showed that Ag-extract, both of distilled water or ethanol solvents, was the best for detecting the presence of Hg2+ followed by Mn2+. On the other hand, Ag-extract in distilled water cannot detect Cu2+, Pb2+, and Mn2+ ions, while almost all Ag-extracts in ethanol solvents could identify the presence of these metals.
ADSORPSI ASETON PADA ARANG AKTIF BIJI ASAM JAWA Audy D Wuntu; Vanda S Kamu
JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS Volume 11 Nomor 2, Oktober 2011
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (234.656 KB) | DOI: 10.35799/jis.11.2.2011.203

Abstract

ADSORPSI ASETON PADA ARANG AKTIF BIJI ASAM JAWA Audy D. Wuntu1) dan Vanda S. Kamu1); e-mail: untudenny@yahoo.com1)Program Studi Kimia FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado, 95115 ABSTRAK Telah diteliti adsorpsi aseton pada arang aktif yang dibuat dari biji asam jawa (Tamarindus indica) yang diaktivasi dengan NaCl. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan parameter adsorpsi, yaitu kapasitas dan energi adsorpsi. Parameter tersebut dihitung dari persamaan regresi linear yang diperoleh dari data adsorpsi aseton pada arang aktif dalam sistem tertutup yang dianalisis menggunakan model isotherm adsorpsi Dubinin-Raduskevich. Sebagai pembanding, prosedur yang sama diterapkan pada  arang aktif komersil yang terbuat dari tempurung kelapa. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas adsorpsi aseton pada arang aktif yang dibuat dari biji asam jawa (6,85x10-2 cm3/g) lebih rendah dari kapasitas adsorpsi aseton pada arang aktif komersil (8,98x10-2 cm-3/g). Kecenderungan yang sama teramati juga pada nil;ai energy adsorpsi, yaitu 7,69 kJ/mol pada arang aktif biji asam jawa dan 8,08 kJ/mol pada arang aktif komersil. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas arang aktif biji asam jawa, perlu dilakukan perbaikan dalam proses pembuatan arang aktif preparasi. Kata kunci: adsorpsi, asam jawa, karbon aktif   ACETONE ADSORPTION ON TAMARIND SEED ACTIVATED CARBON ABSTRACT The adsorption of acetone on activated carbon prepared from tamarind (Tamarindus indica) seed activated with NaCl was investigated. The investigation was aimed to calculate the adsorption parameters which were adsorption capacity and energy of acetone on the adsorbent. The parameters were calculated using linear regression equation derived from data of acetone adsorption on the activated carbon in a closed system which was analyzed using Dubinin-Raduskevich adsorption isotherm model. As a comparison, the same procedure was performed on commercial coconut shell activated carbon. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of acetone on tamarind seed activated carbon (6.85x10-2 cm3/g) was lower than that on commercial one (8.98x10-2 cm3/g). The similar trend was observed in the adsorption energy values which were 7.69 kJ/mol on tamarind seed activated carbon and 8.08 kJ/mol on commercial activated carbon. It was suggested that the preparation of tamarind seed to produce activated carbon should be improved. Keywords : adsorption, tamarind, activated carbon
ADSORPSI TOLUENA PADA ARANG AKTIF TEMPURUNG KEMIRI Dewi A Bukasa; Harry S.J Koleangan; Audy D Wuntu
JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS Volume 12 Nomor 2, Oktober 2012
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (160.264 KB) | DOI: 10.35799/jis.12.2.2012.561

Abstract

ADSORPSI TOLUENA PADA ARANG AKTIF TEMPURUNG KEMIRI ABSTRAK Telah diteliti adsorpsi toluena pada arang aktif yang dibuat dari tempurung kemiri yang diaktivasi dengan ZnCl2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan parameter adsorpsi, yaitu kapasitas dan energi adsorpsi. Parameter tersebut dihitung dari persamaan regresi linear yang diperoleh dari data adsorpsi toluena pada arang aktif dalam sistem tertutup yang dianalisis menggunakan model isoterm adsorpsi Dubinin-Raduskevich. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa arang aktif tempurung kemiri dapat mengadsorpsi toluena dengan kapasitas adsorpsi  sebesar 0,094 cm3/g dan nilai energi adsorpsi, yaitu 2,56 kJ/mol.  Selain itu dilakukan pula penentuan waktu setimbang adsorpsi arang aktif tempurung kemiri terhadap toluena dengan berbagai variasi waktu. Hasilnya menunjukkan arang aktif tempurung kemiri mencapai keadaan setimbang terhadap toluena pada waktu 5 jam. Kata kunci: Adsorpsi, Karbon Aktif, Tempurung Kemiri  TOLUENE ADSORPTION ON CANDLENUT SHELL ACTIVATED CARBON ABSTRACT The adsorption of toluene on activated charcoal prepared ​​from candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) shell activated with ZnCl2 was investigated. This investigation was aimed to calculate the adsorption parameters which were adsorption capacity and energy of toluene on the adorbent. The parameters were calculated using linear regression equation derived from data of acetone adsorption on the activated carbon in a closed system and were analyzed using Dubinin-Raduskevich adsorption isotherm model. The results obtained indicated that the candlenut shell activated charcoal had adsorption capacity value of 0.094 cm3/g and the adsorption energy values of 2.56 kJ / mol. Besides, the time required to reach equilibrium state for the adsorption of toluene on the adsorbat was conducted. The results showed that the adsorption state was obtained in 5 hours. Keywords: Adsorption , Activated Carbon, Candlenut Shell
ISOTERM ADSORPSI TOLUENA PADA ARANG AKTIF STROBILUS PINUS (Pinus merkusii) Andre G Kalensun; Audy D Wuntu; Vanda S Kamu
JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS Volume 12 Nomor 2, Oktober 2012
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (77.843 KB) | DOI: 10.35799/jis.12.2.2012.562

Abstract

ISOTERM ADSORPSI TOLUENA PADA ARANG AKTIF STROBILUS PINUS (Pinus merkusii) ABSTRAK Adsorpsi senyawa organik volatil toluena pada arang aktif yang dibuat dari strobilus pinus telah diteliti. Dalam penelitian ini arang aktif strobilus pinus dikarbonisasi pada suhu 400 0C dan diaktivasi dengan larutan ZnCl­2. Eksperimen adsorpsi selama 24 jam dalam wadah tertutup berukuran 6.5 L yang berisi gas toluena 0.4; 0.8; 1.2; 1.6 dan 2 mL. Data yang diperoleh diuji dengan model isoterm adsorpsi Dubinin-Raduskevich. Untuk kapasitas dan energi adsorpsi toluena dihitung dengan persamaan Dubinin-Raduskevich. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas adsorpsi (W0) arang aktif strobilus pinus yang teraktivasi adalah 0,1027 cm3/g dan energi adsorpsi (E0) adalah 13,286 kJ/mol. Sedangkan kapasitas adsorpsi (W0) arang strobilus pinus tanpa pengaktivasi adalah 0,0267 cm3/g dan energi adsorpsi (E0) adalah  5,941 kJ/mol. Kata kunci: arang aktif, strobilus pinus (Pinus merkusii), adsorpsi   ISOTHERM ADSORPTION OF TOLUENE ONTO ACTIVATED CARBON MADE FROM STROBILUS PINE (Pinus merkusii) ABSTRACT The adsorption isotherm of toluene, an organic volatile compound, onto activated carbon prepared from strobilus pine was investigated. In this research, the carbon was carbonized at 400 oC and activated by ZnCl­2. The adsorption isotherm experiment was conducted for 24 hours in six 6.5 L-closed chambers, each was filled with 0.4; 0.8; 1.2; 1.6 and 2.0 mL of toluene. The data were fitted to Dubinin-Raduskevich adsorption isotherm model in order to measure the adsorption capacity and the adsorption energy. The results showed that the adsorption capacity and the adsorption energy for the activated strobilus pine were 0.1027 cm3/g and 13.286 kJ/mol respectively, while for the unactivated strobilus pine were 0.0267 cm3/g and 5.941 kJ/mol respectively. Key word: activated carbon, strobilus pine (Pinus merkusii), adsorption.
KINETICS OF GASEOUS TOLUENE ADSORPTION ON CANDLENUT SHELL ACTIVATED CARBON Audy D Wuntu; Vanda S Kamu
JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS Volume 13 Nomor 1, April 2013
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (264.07 KB) | DOI: 10.35799/jis.13.1.2013.1979

Abstract

KINETICS OF GASEOUS TOLUENE ADSORPTION ON CANDLENUT SHELL ACTIVATED CARBON ABSTRACT Adsorption kinetics of gaseous toluene on activated carbon prepared from candlenut shell had been studied. The research was performed by examining adsorption data, which was obtained in previous research, over several rate equations, which were: (1) Lagergren’s pseudo first order rate equation, (2) Ho’s pseudo second order rate equation, (3) Elovich’s equation, and (4) persamaan Ritchie’s equation. The result showed that the data of toluene adsorption on candlenut shell activated carbon fits the Ho’s pseudo second order rate equation and, hence, the model is the most applicable model for the adsorption. Calculation from linear regression of Ho’s pseudo second order rate equation gave the equilibrium adsorption capacity value of 56,069 mg g-1, second order rate constant of 3,54x10–4 g mg-1 min-1, and initial adsorption rate of 1,112 mg g-1 min-1. Keywords: adsorption, candlenut, activated carbon, toluene KINETIKA ADSORPSI GAS TOLUENA PADA KARON AKTIF TEMPURUNG KEMIRI ABSTRAK Studi mengenai aspek kinetika adsorpsi toluena pada arang aktif yang terbuat dari tempurung kemiri telah dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menguji data adsorpsi yang telah diperoleh pada penelitian terdahulu menggunakan empat persamaan laju adsorpsi, yaitu (1) persamaan laju pseudo order pertama Lagergren, (2) persamaan laju pseudo order kedua Ho, (3) persamaan Elovich, dan (4) persamaan Ritchie. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa model kinetika dengan persamaan laju pseudo order kedua Ho adalah yang paling sesuai diaplikasikan untuk adsorpsi gas toluena pada arang aktif tempurung kemiri. Dari persamaan linear untuk model kinetika pseudo order kedua Ho diperoleh nilai kapasitas adsorpsi pada kesetimbangan sebesar 56,069 mg g-1, konstanta adsorpsi sebesar 3,54x10–4 g mg-1 menit-1, dan laju adsorpsi awal sebesar 1,112 mg g-1 menit-1. Kata kunci: adsorpsi, kemiri, karbon aktif, toluena
PENENTUAN TOTAL FENOLIK DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT DARI TEPUNG PELEPAH AREN (Arenga pinnata) Yudhie E Prasetyo; Meiske S Sangi; Audy D Wuntu
JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS Volume 16 Nomor 2, Oktober 2016
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (796.384 KB) | DOI: 10.35799/jis.16.2.2016.14067

Abstract

PENENTUAN TOTAL FENOLIK DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT DARI TEPUNG PELEPAH AREN (Arenga pinnata) ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan fraksi etil asetat dari tepung pelepah aren (Arenga pinnata). Tepung pelepah aren diekstraksi maserasi menggunakan etanol hasil redestilasi cap tikus kemudian di partisi menggunakan pelarut petroleum eter, etil asetat dan aquades. Penentuan kandungan total fenolik menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dan aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode serapan radikal 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Didapati kandungan total fenolik fraksi etil asetat sebesar 172.857 ± 4.762 mg/kg dan aktivitas penangkal radikal bebas fraksi etil asetat sebesar 90.573 µg/mL. Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa fraksi etil asetat berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami. Kata kunci: Tepung Pelepah aren, fenolik, aktivitas antioksidan, DPPH DETERMINATION TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF AREN’S MIDRIB POWDER (Arenga pinnata) ABSTRACT This research aims to determine the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity from ethyl acetate fraction of Aren’s midrib powder (Arenga pinnata). Aren’s midrib powder extracted with maceration method with cap tikus redistillated ethanol and then partitioned with solvents such as petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and distillate water. The determination of phenolic content was using Folin-Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant activity was done using diphenylpycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. Total phenolic value of ethyl acetate fraction is 172.857 ± 4.762 and IC50 value of ethyl acetate fraction is 90.573 µg/mL. This result shows ethyl acetate fraction as natural antioxidant potential. Keywords: Aren’s midrib powder, phenolic, antioxidant activity, DPPH
PRODUKSI SABUN MANDI TRANSPARAN BERBAHAN BAKU VCO MENGANDUNG KAROTENOID TOMAT Lidya Irma Momuat; Audy Denny Wuntu
JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS Volume 17 Nomor 2, Oktober 2017
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (411.671 KB) | DOI: 10.35799/jis.17.2.2017.17968

Abstract

PRODUKSI SABUN MANDI TRANSPARAN BERBAHAN BAKU VCOMENGANDUNG KAROTENOID TOMAT ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk produksi sabun mandi transparan dengan memanfaatkan VCO mengandung karotenoid tomat (VCO+tmt), serta menentukan kombinasi gliserol, etanol dan sukrosa yang optimum untuk bereaksi dengan VCO+tmt menghasilkan sabun transparan yang karakteristiknya memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) no. 06-35321994 bagi sabun mandi.  Sabun mandi transparan dibuat menurut metode Cognis (2003), dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi gliserol, etanol dan sukrosa (formula A, B, dan C). Produk sabun transparan dikarakterisasi menurut metode SNI no. 06-35321994 bagi sabun mandi, serta diamati warna, transparansi, kekerasan dan stabilitas busanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa VCO+tmt dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan sabun mandi transparan, dengan bilangan penyabunan VCO+tmt sebesar 225,37.  Karakteristik sabun transparan yang dihasilkan berwarna orange kekuningan, transparansi dan tekstur formula C lebih baik daripada A dan B, serta stabilitas busa sabun formula A, B dan C berturut-turut 89,29%, 96,88%, dan 93,10%. Kadar air, jumlah asam lemak dan asam lemak bebas dari sabun formula A, B dan C belum memenuhi SNI, sedangkan untuk kadar alkali bebas dan minyak mineral telah memenuhi SNI.  Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa karakteristik sabun transparan berbahan baku VCO+tmt formula C lebih baik daripada formula A dan B, namun belum memenuhi SNI no. 06-35321994.Kata kunci: etanol, gliserol, sabun transparan, sukrosa, tomat, VCO  PRODUCTION OF TRANSPARENT BATH SOAP FROM VCOCONTAINING TOMATO CAROTENOID ABSTRACTThis study was aimed to produce transparent bath soap by utilizing VCO containing tomato carotenoids (VCO+tmt), and to determine the optimum combination of glycerol, ethanol and sucrose reacted with VCO+tmt to produce transparent soap which meet requirements by Indonesian National Standard (SNI) no. 06-35321994 for bath soap. Transparent bath soaps were prepared according to Cognis (2003) method, by varying the concentrations of glycerol, ethanol and sucrose (formulas A, B, and C). Transparent soap products were characterized according to SNI method no. 06-35321994 for bath soap, and were observed for the color, transparency, hardness and stability of the foam. The results showed that VCO+tmt could be used in making transparent bath soap, with saponizing number VCO tmt equal to 225,37. Soap produced had orange color, transparent, the texture of C was better than A and B, and the stability of soap formulas A, B and C were 89.29%, 96.88%, and 93.10%, respectively. Water content, the amount of fatty acids and free fatty acids from soap of formula A, B and C did not meet SNI requirements, but free alkali and mineral oil met the requirements. It was concluded that the characteristics of transparent soap made from raw VCO+tmt formula C was better than formula A and B, but did not meet conditions required by SNI no. 06-35321994. Keywords: ethanol, glycerol, transparent soap, sucrose, tomato, VCO
Co-Authors Abdul R.H. Korompot Andre G Kalensun Bando, Reksih Evander Bolilera, Theressa Bungan, Gladys K Christmas Togas Colling, Erningsi Dewi A Bukasa Djoni Hatidja Djoni Hatidja Edi Suryanto Edi Suryanto Feti Fatimah Ghazaly R. Umaternate Grace Aprianne Bellatrix Patiung Guntur Pasau Haider Ali Ginting, Haider Ali Harry Koleangan Harry S. J. Koleangan Harry S.J Koleangan Harry S.J Koleangan Harry S.J. Koleangan Harry S.J. Koleangan Henry Aritonang Henry F. Aritonang, S.Si., M.Si. Herling D. Tangkuman Jacobus, Meyffi Merrylin Jemmy Abidjulu Johnly Alfreds Rorong Julius Pontoh Julius S. Pontoh Kakame, Dewi Y. N. Koleangan, Harry Korompot, Abdul R.H. Kumanaung, Maureen Lengkong, Vanda Lidya I Momuat Lidya I. Momuat Lidya Irma Momuat Lidya Irma Momuat Lidya Irma Momuat Lidya Irma Momuat Lusiana Eka Sari Maanari, Chaleb Paul Ma’ruf, Hasna Makatipu, Christian D. Marini Runtu Mariska Margaret Pitoi Martin Aprilino Tambunan, Martin Aprilino Maureen Kumaunang Maureen Kumaunang Max R.J. Runtuwene Meiske S Sangi Meiske S Sangi Meiske S. Sangi Meiske Sientje Sangi, Meiske Sientje Michelle Poluakan, Michelle Mira Marlinda Muzakir Rahalus, Muzakir Norrytha L Wuntu Onggeteua, Fita M. Pandelaki, Elmi C.J. Pangajow, Stoflly E. M. Prasetyo, Yudhie E Pujiarti, Pujiarti Rizky B. Holle Rosdiana Tidore Runtu, Marini Sanusi Gugule Silvana Yoce Tuwohingide Stifanus Billy Pelle Suhardi Titdoy, Suhardi Syamsi, Ibnu Darmawan Talita Kojong Taringan, Agres K. Tatinting, Gabriel Dinnydio Tumbel, Elsa D. Tumbelaka, Riddel M M Y Tumbelaka, Riddel M.M.Y. TUMUAHI, FIRGIN PRITTY DEISYELLA Vanda Kamu Vanda Lengkong Vanda S Kamu Vanda S. Kamu Vanny H. Siwi Wuntu, Norrytha L Wuntu, Norrytha L. Yudhie E Prasetyo