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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics JUITA : Jurnal Informatika Jurnal ELTIKOM : Jurnal Teknik Elektro, Teknologi Informasi dan Komputer Kinetik: Game Technology, Information System, Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Letters in Information Technology Education (LITE) International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (IJAIR) International Journal of Accounting & Finance in Asia Pasific Seminar Nasional Ilmu Terapan Journal of Educational Technology and Learning Creativity
Wahyu Mulyo Utomo
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Aerospace Engineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mechanical Engineering

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An Adaptive Cross-Tied Interconnection for Shaded PV Arrays: A Mathematical Analysis for Efficiency Enhancement Wirateruna, Efendi S; Afroni, Mohammad Jasa; Utomo, Wahyu Mulyo; Aziz, Mukhammad Zakky Syahrul
Kinetik: Game Technology, Information System, Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control Vol. 11, No. 2, May 2026 (Article in Progress)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/kinetik.v11i2.2529

Abstract

This study investigates the Adaptive Cross-Tied Interconnection (ACTI) configuration to improve the power output efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) arrays operating under partial shade conditions. The objective of this study is to develop a mathematical formulation that describes the behavior of ACTI compared to the conventional Series-Parallel (SP) configuration. Mathematical modeling is used to analyze the current distribution, voltage relationship, and the effect of shading patterns on the total output power. Simulations are performed using MATLAB/Simulink to verify the theoretical analysis results. This adaptive configuration dynamically adjusts the cross-tied based on the illumination intensity data, thus balancing the current between the shaded and normal modules. The results show that ACTI successfully reduces current mismatch losses and increases the output power without increasing circuit complexity. In a 3x3 PV array, the ACTI configuration yields a power increase of up to 48% compared to the SP configuration. In a 5x5 array, the efficiency increase ranges from 2% to 6%, depending on the shading pattern. The adaptive switching strategy maintains the current flow stability and produces a smoother power-voltage curve, allowing faster and more accurate tracking of the global maximum power point. These results demonstrate that ACTI provides an efficient, economical, and mathematically sound solution for improving the performance of PV systems under non-uniform irradiation conditions
Co-Authors Abdul Hamid Budiman Abu Bakar, Afarulrazi Abu Bakar, Afarulrazi Bin Achmad Rizal Agus Sukoco Alimussadad, Muhammad Alvin John Lim Meng Siang Anang Suryana Anggy Pradiftha Junfithrana Anindito, Benediktus Aziz, Mukhammad Zakky Syahrul Azuwien Aida Bohari Bakar, Afarulrazi Abu Baskara, Fatah Ridha Chien Siong Kai Dadang Supriyatno Daru Tri Nugroho Deni Shidqi Khaerudini Diana, Nor Farisha Dila Umnia Soraya Dirman Hanafi Dyah Lestari Efendi S Wirateruna Erwan Bin Sulaiman Faisal Amin Fatmawati, Nurul Goh Hui Hwang Hari Prasetijo Hari Siswantoro, Hari Hary Suswanto Hasbullah, Dasep Hassan Ali Soomro Hendrayant, Arya Kah Haw Law Khairun Nidzam Ramli Korkmaz, Hatice Betul Kusumadyahdewi, Kusumadyahdewi Langlangbuana, Muhammad Labib Lestari, Pashatania Fitri Indah Mahamad, Abd Kadir Mahyuzie Jenal Mohamad Md Som Mohammad Jasa Afroni Mohd Noh Dalimin Mohd Shamian Zainal Nooradzianie Muhammad Zin Nor Aira Zambri Nor Azizi Yusoff Nurlaila, Siti Hajar Oktriza Melfazen Omar, Saodah Onn, Choo Wou Poad, Hazwaj Mhd Prabowo, Tito Tri Priyandoko Gigih Rajesh Kumar Ramadiani, Nanda Resta Reswanda T. Ade, Reswanda T. Rosli, Nor Farisha Diana Roslina Mat Ariff Roslina Mat Ariff Rosyadi, Marwan Rudi Heriansyah Salimin, Suriana Sannasy, Balarajan Saputri, Utamy Sukmayu Shipun Anuar Hamzah Sim Gia Yi Sim Sy Yi Sithananthan, Tharnisha Slamet Winardi Suroso Suroso Sy Yi Sim Taufik Taufik Triyanto Pangaribowo Widjonarko . Winasis Winasis Yoga, Wira Tri Yonis M. Y. Buswig Zainal Alam Haron