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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics JUITA : Jurnal Informatika Jurnal ELTIKOM : Jurnal Teknik Elektro, Teknologi Informasi dan Komputer Kinetik: Game Technology, Information System, Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Letters in Information Technology Education (LITE) International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (IJAIR) Seminar Nasional Ilmu Terapan Journal of Educational Technology and Learning Creativity
Wahyu Mulyo Utomo
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Aerospace Engineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mechanical Engineering

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An Adaptive Cross-Tied Interconnection for Shaded PV Arrays: A Mathematical Analysis for Efficiency Enhancement Efendi S Wirateruna; Mohammad Jasa Afroni; Wahyu Mulyo Utomo; Mukhammad Zakky Syahrul Aziz
Kinetik: Game Technology, Information System, Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control Vol. 11, No. 2, May 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/kinetik.v11i2.2529

Abstract

This study investigates the Adaptive Cross-Tied Interconnection (ACTI) configuration to improve the power output efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) arrays operating under partial shading conditions. The objective of this study is to develop a mathematical formulation that describes the behavior of ACTI compared to the conventional Series-Parallel (SP) configuration. Mathematical modeling is used to analyze the current distribution, voltage relationships, and the effect of shading patterns on the total output power. Simulations are performed using MATLAB/Simulink to verify the theoretical analysis results. This adaptive configuration dynamically adjusts the cross-tied interconnections based on the illumination intensity data, thereby balancing the current between shaded and non-shaded modules. The results show that ACTI successfully reduces current mismatch losses and increases output power without increasing circuit complexity. In a 3×3 PV array, the ACTI configuration yields a power increase of up to 48% compared to the SP configuration. In a 5×5 array, the efficiency increases ranges from 2% to 6%, depending on the shading pattern. The adaptive switching strategy maintains the current flow stability and produces a smoother power-voltage curve, enabling faster and more accurate tracking of the global maximum power point. These results demonstrate that ACTI provides an efficient, economical, and mathematically sound solution for improving the performance of PV systems under non-uniform irradiation conditions.
Design of 7-level cascade asymmetric multilevel inverter for renewable energy applications using FPGA Afarulrazi Abu Bakar; Hazwaj Mhd Poad; Benjamin Ho Hao Xian; Tharnisha Sithananthan; Wahyu Mulyo Utomo; Triyanto Pangaribowo
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 17, No 2: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i2.pp1231-1242

Abstract

The increasing focus on renewable energy has driven the need for efficient and reliable power converters. Multilevel inverters offer low harmonic distortion and high-quality output but often suffer from design complexity and excessive component count. This study presents the design and implementation of a 7-level cascaded asymmetric multilevel inverter optimized for renewable energy applications. The proposed topology utilizes a cascade structure with asymmetric DC voltage sources to generate seven voltage levels, providing a practical balance between performance and simplicity. The design was first validated through MATLAB/Simulink software to analyze circuit operation and evaluate the total harmonic distortion (THD) performance. Experimental evaluation was then conducted using a hardware prototype to verify simulation results. Without a filter, the THD from the simulation was 21.31%, while the experimental setup recorded a slightly higher value of 21.61%, indicating a marginal difference of 0.21%. With a filter, the simulation achieved a THD of 3.81%, whereas the experimental setup outperformed with a THD of 1.5%, showing a notable reduction of 2.31%. These findings confirm the proposed inverter’s capability to deliver superior power quality and operational efficiency. The combination of simulation and experimental validation demonstrates the practicality and reliability of the 7-level cascade asymmetric multilevel inverter for renewable energy applications.
Co-Authors Abdul Hamid Budiman Abu Bakar, Afarulrazi Abu Bakar, Afarulrazi Bin Achmad Rizal Afarulrazi Abu Bakar Alimussadad, Muhammad Alvin John Lim Meng Siang Anang Suryana Anggy Pradiftha Junfithrana Anindito, Benediktus Azuwien Aida Bohari Bakar, Afarulrazi Abu Baskara, Fatah Ridha Benjamin Ho Hao Xian Chien Siong Kai Dadang Supriyatno Daru Tri Nugroho Deni Shidqi Khaerudini Diana, Nor Farisha Dila Umnia Soraya Dirman Hanafi Dyah Lestari Efendi S Wirateruna Erwan Bin Sulaiman Faisal Amin Goh Hui Hwang Hari Prasetijo Hari Siswantoro, Hari Hary Suswanto Hasbullah, Dasep Hassan Ali Soomro Hazwaj Mhd Poad Hendrayant, Arya Kah Haw Law Khairun Nidzam Ramli Korkmaz, Hatice Betul Kusumadyahdewi, Kusumadyahdewi Langlangbuana, Muhammad Labib Lestari, Pashatania Fitri Indah Mahamad, Abd Kadir Mahyuzie Jenal Mohamad Md Som Mohammad Jasa Afroni Mohd Noh Dalimin Mohd Shamian Zainal Mukhammad Zakky Syahrul Aziz Nooradzianie Muhammad Zin Nor Aira Zambri Nor Azizi Yusoff Oktriza Melfazen Omar, Saodah Onn, Choo Wou Poad, Hazwaj Mhd Prabowo, Tito Tri Priyandoko Gigih Rajesh Kumar Ramadiani, Nanda Resta Rosli, Nor Farisha Diana Roslina Mat Ariff Roslina Mat Ariff Rosyadi, Marwan Rudi Heriansyah Salimin, Suriana Sannasy, Balarajan Saputri, Utamy Sukmayu Shipun Anuar Hamzah Sim Gia Yi Sim Sy Yi Sithananthan, Tharnisha Slamet Winardi Suroso Suroso Sy Yi Sim Taufik Tharnisha Sithananthan Triyanto Pangaribowo Widjonarko . Winasis Winasis Yoga, Wira Tri Yonis M. Y. Buswig Zainal Alam Haron