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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Informasi Jurnal Ilmu Komputer Agrikultura Jurnal Teknik ITS IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series TEKNOLOGI: Jurnal Ilmiah Sistem Informasi Jurnal Buana Informatika TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) JUTI: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Informasi Jurnal Ilmiah Kursor Scan : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi Proceeding International Conference on Information Technology and Business Seminar Nasional Informatika (SEMNASIF) Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) JURNAL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA DAN SISTEM INFORMASI Jurnal Nasional Pendidikan Teknik Informatika (JANAPATI) Building of Informatics, Technology and Science Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Journal of Intelligent Computing and Health Informatics (JICHI) Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems International Journal Of Computer, Network Security and Information System (IJCONSIST) Jurnal WIDYA LAKSMI (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) Makara Journal of Technology Sewagati
Anny Yuniarti
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
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Journal : Journal of Intelligent Computing and Health Informatics (JICHI)

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Enhancing Intraoral Dental Lesion Localization via Multi-Scale Ensemble Learning Using a Robust Weighted Box Fusion Approach Syarif, Hisyam; Fatichah, Chastine; Yuniarti, Anny; Zeng, Xinyou; Al-Haddad, Abdullah
Journal of Intelligent Computing & Health Informatics Vol 7, No 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/jichi.v7i1.20127

Abstract

The early detection of dental diseases is essential for preventing severe oral health complications. However, automated lesion detection utilizing intraoral images remains highly challenging due to severe tooth overlap, occlusion, and visually similar anatomical structures. Under these complex conditions, conventional single-stage object detectors frequently produce redundant and inaccurate bounding boxes, which significantly degrades localization precision. To explicitly resolve this problem, this study proposes a robust multi-scale ensemble learning strategy that integrates bounding box predictions from YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 through a Weighted Boxes Fusion (WBF) mechanism. Unlike traditional post-processing techniques such as Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) and Soft-NMS, the proposed method fuses overlapping bounding boxes by leveraging confidence-weighted spatial aggregation, thereby preserving critical detection information. Extensive experiments were conducted on a publicly validated intraoral image dataset comprising four distinct clinical classes: caries, cavity, cracks, and normal teeth. Quantitative evaluations demonstrate that the proposed WBF ensemble approach substantially outperforms single- model baselines. The integrated model achieves a mean Average Precision (mAP@0.5) of 66.14%, a Precision of 66.47%, and an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 90.83%, representing a massive improvement over the baseline mAP values of approximately 36 to 37%. Furthermore, rigorous statistical testing validates that these performance gains are highly significant (p < 0.05). Ultimately, these findings indicate that the proposed ensemble framework provides a reliable, high-precision solution for intraoral dental lesion localization, offering substantial viability for real-world clinical diagnostic applications.
Co-Authors Achmad Chabiburrohman Achmad Fahriza Agus Arifin Agus Arifin, Agus Agus Z. Arifin, Agus Z. Agus Zainal Arifin Agus Zainal Arifin Ahmad Mustofa Hadi Ahmad Mustofa Hadi Ahmad Raihan Muzakki Akira Asano Akira Taguchi Al-Haddad, Abdullah Alifiansyah Arrizqy Hidayat Amrullah, Muhammad Syiarul Andi Baso Kaswar Andi Baso Kaswar Anindhita Sigit Nugroho Anindita Sigit Nugroho Anita Hakim Nasution Arif Fathur Mahmuda Arifiani, Siska Arifzan Razak Aris Fanani Aris Tjahyanto Arya Yudhi Wijaya Berlian Rahmy Lidiawaty Betty Natalie Fitriatin Bilqis Amaliah Budi Nugroho Budi Nugroho Chastine Fatichah Chilyatun Nisa&#039; Christy Atika Sari Darlis Heru Mukti Darlis Herumurti Devira Wiena Pramintya Dhian Satria Yudha Kartika Diana Suteja Dini Adni Navastara, Dini Adni Eva Yulia Puspaningrum Fawwaz Abdulloh Al-Jawi Feni Siti Fauziah2 Fetty Tri A. Fiandra Fatharany Gulpi Qorik Oktagalu Pratamasunu Hadziq Fabroyir Handayani Tjandrasa Hani Ramadhan Hidiyah Ayu Ratna Ma’rufah Hisyam Syarif, Hisyam Hudan Studiawan I Made Satria Bimantara I Made Widiartha I Putu Gede Hendra Suputra Imam Kuswardayan Imam Kuswardayan Ishardan Ishardan Isye Arieshanti Kelly Rossa Sungkono Khairun Nisa Kostidjan, Okky Darmawan Lutfiani Ratna Dewi M. Ali Fauzi M. Ali Fauzi Maulana, Hendra MIFTAHOL ARIFIN, MIFTAHOL Mohamad Dion Tiara Muhammad I. Rosadi, Muhammad I. Muhammad Meftah Mafazy Muhammad Rayyaan Fatikhahur Rakhim Muhammad Riduwan Nadya Anisa Syafa Nafiiyah, Nur Nanik Suciati Nanik Suciati Oviyanti Mulyani Pasnur Pasnur Purwanto, Yudhi Puspitasari, Leny Ratri Enggar Pawening Reginawanti Hindersah Ridho Rahman Hariadi Riduwan, Muhammad Rindah Febriana Suryawati Rizky Damara Ardy Sahmanbanta Sinulingga Saiful Bahri Musa Saprina Mamase Saputra, Wahyu Syaifullah Jauharis Siska Arifiani Soegeng Soetedjo Sofyan Sauri, Sofyan Takashi Nakamoto Thoha Haq Wahyu Syaifullah Jauharis Saputra Wibowo, Della Aulia Wijayanti Nurul K Wijayanti Nurul Khotimah Zeng, Xinyou