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Pengembangan Potensi Lokal untuk Bahan Baku Pangan dan Industri Sebagai Usaha Meningkatkan Ketahanan Pangan Nasional Subagio, Achmad; Rofiq, Aunur
JURNAL PANGAN Vol 18, No 2 (2009): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (576.242 KB) | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v18i2.202

Abstract

Dengan pertumbuhan penduduk yang tinggi, sampai saat ini kecukupan kalori dan protein masyarakat Indonesia, masih rendah. Untuk itu, diperlukan penggalian sumber protein dan karbohidat alternatif, seperti ubi kayu dan koro-koroan yang tumbuh dengan baik di lahan marginal. Tulisan ini melaporkan hasil-hasil penelitian tentang pengembangan teknologi pengolahan bahan lokal sebagai bahan baku pangan dan industri, dengan mendorong keunggulannnya dan menekan kekurangannya. Penggunaan teknologi solid state fermentation dengan bakteri asam laktat menunjukkan bahwa ubi kayu dapat diolah menjadi berbagai produk baik berupa tepung termodifikasi yang sering di sebut MOCAF (modified cassava flour), maupun pati masam. Produk-produk ini mempunyai aplikasi yang lebih luas dibandingkan produk natif-nya, seperti berbagai macam mie, kue, roti dan cokies. Selanjutnya penelitian tentang korokoroan menunjukkan bahwa beberapa macam koro-koroan mempunyai kandungan protein yang cukup tinggi (17-22%) yang didominasi oleh globulin. Namun, kandungan intinutrionalfactors dan racun pada korokoroan cukup tinggi. Saat ini telah dikembangkanbeberapa produk yang menghasilkan konsentrasi protein yang tinggi dan eliminasi sifatsifat negatif koro-koroan, seperti protein isolate, "Protein Rich Flour", lactic acid-fermented legume flour, processed beans, dan tempe koro. Demikian pula, ikan-ikan inferior dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber protein yang berkelanjutan dengan pengolahan yang tepat, sehingga mendorong ketersediaan protein yang murah. Sementara kelapa dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pangan murah mulai dari minyak, protein dan seratnya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, kemampuan bahan lokal berdasarkan potensi komposisinya sebagai penyedia senyawa gizi merujuknya sebagai comparative dan competitive products untuk dikembangkan guna meningkatkan ketahanan pangan nasional.
Strategi Pencapaian Swasembada Kedelai dengan Pengembangan Sumber Protein Nabati Alternatif Subagio, Achmad
JURNAL PANGAN Vol 19, No 2 (2010): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (289.63 KB) | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v19i2.134

Abstract

Kebutuhan kedelai nasional yang terus meningkat seiring dengan pertumbuhan penduduk dan kesadaran masyarakat tentang manfaat kedelai bagi kesehatan menyebabkan swasembada kedelai menjadi sulit terjangkau. Pemerintah telah mengupayakan peningkatan produksi nasional dengan jalan ekstensifikasi berupa perluasan lahan, maupun intensifikasi sebagai usaha meningkatkan produktivitas lahan persatuan luas. Namun, usaha ini menghadapi kendala bahwa kenyataannya kedelai adalah tanaman subtropis yang membutuhkan siang hari yang panjang, sehingga produktivitasnya menjadi rendah. Strategi tambahan yang cukup bijak untuk mencapai swasembada adalah mengurangi kebutuhan nasional akan kedelai dengan jalan memberikan alternatif komoditi lain. Konsumen mempunyai pilihan untuk tidak menggunakan kedelai, ketika mengolah sebuah produk, karena ada komoditi lain yang dapat menggantikannya dengan nilai kompetitif lebih baik atau setara jika dibandingkan kedelai. Dengan demikian, tarikan kebutuhan kedelai nasional menjadi lebih longgar, yang akhirnya berujung pada semakin sempitnya jarak antara kebutuhan dengan produksi kedelai nasional. Dalam pendekatan diversifikasi horisontal ini, harus dipilih potensi lokal yang murah, berkesinambungan dan cocok ditanam di lahan yang belum termanfaatkan, agar tidak hanya sekedar proses shifting terhadap komoditi lain yang lebih penting. Salah satu komoditi yang mempunyai karakteristik tersebut adalah koro-koroan. Kandungan protein dari koro-koroan ini cukup tinggi (18 – 25%), menjadikan komoditi ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pangan sumber protein alternatif pengganti kedelai. Untuk menjamin keberhasilan dari program diversifikasi kedelai ini, maka pengembangan koro-koroan harus dilakukan secara komprehensif, meliputi: (i) penguasaan teknologi produksi, pasca panen dan pengolahan; dan (ii) rekayasa sosial untuk mendorong masyarakat mau menggunakan dan mengkonsumsi koro-koroan dan produknya, sehingga petani akan terdorong menanam dan investor mau berinvestasi pada bisnis di komoditi ini.National soybean consumption continues to increase along with population growth and public awareness about the health benefits of soybean. Indeed, it causes difficulty to reach the national self-sufficiency. The government has made efforts in increasing national production of soybean by extending the form of land expansion, and intensification in the mean of increasing land productivity. However, these efforts face the constraint that soybean is a subtropical plant, resulting in the low productivity in Indonesia. Accordingly, additional strategies are needed to achieve self-sufficiency, such as reducing the national demand by provide some alternative commodities, those can substitute soybean (horizontal diversification). Consumers will have option to not use soybean, because there are other commodities that can replace it with a competitive values better or equal when compared to soybean. Thus, the attraction of the national soybean demand will be more loose, which eventually led to the narrowness of the distance between the demand and the production. In this approach of horizontal diversification, indigenous potencies should be used, which are cheap, sustainable and suitable grown on land that has not been exploited. So, it will be not just shifting to other commodities, those may be more important. One of commodities that have these characteristics is non-oilseed legumes. These plant seeds contain a high concentration of protein by 18 – 25% of the seed, considering as a suitable source of protein for replacing soybean. Furthermore, to ensure the success of this horizontal diversification of soybean, the development of non-oilseed legumes must be comprehensive, covering: (i) mastery of production, post harvest and processing technology; and (ii) social engineering to encourage people to use and consume the non-oilseed legumes and their products, so that farmers will be encouraged to plant, and investors want to invest in this commodity business.
Pendugaan Umur Simpan “Beras Cerdas” Berbasis Mocaf, Tepung Jagung Menggunakan Metode Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT) Pendekatan Arrhenius Diniyah, Nurud; -, Giyarto; Subagio, Achmad; Agustin Akhiriani, Resti
Warta Industri Hasil Pertanian Vol 32, No 01 (2015)
Publisher : Balai Besar Industri Agro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1136.46 KB) | DOI: 10.32765/warta ihp.v32i01.2624

Abstract

“Beras cerdas” merupakan beras tiruan yang dibuat dari bahan-bahan non beras dan non terigu dengan menggunakan ekstruder ulir ganda. Bahan baku “beras cerdas” meliputi mocaf, tepung jagung, susu skim, air, alginat, STPP, dan minyak sawit.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan umur simpan “beras cerdas” menggunakan metode ASLT melalui pendekatan Arrhenius. Penentuan umur simpan “beras cerdas” dilakukan dalam dua tahap. Tahap pertama adalah uji organoleptik dengan menggunakan sampel yang disimpan pada suhu 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C dan 60 °C untuk menentukan batas akhir penyimpanan berdasarkan parameter aroma dari penilaian panelis. Tahap kedua adalah penentuan umur simpan dengan metode Arrhenius berdasarkan perubahan kualitas produk selama penyimpanan. Lebih dari 50% panelis menyatakan “beras cerdas” beraroma tengik berakhir pada minggu ke-4 suhu 60°C. Reaksi yang sesuai dengan parameter nilai peroksida dan asam lemak bebas adalah reaksi orde nol. Nilai energi aktivasi terkecil digunakan untuk penentuan umur simpan produk yaitu nilai peroksida dengan regresi linier y = -713,25x + 8,167. Umur simpan “beras cerdas” adalah 3,40 minggu pada suhu 30 °C.
Development of Protein Rich Flour (PRF) from Hyacinth Bean (Lablab purpureus (L) Sweet) and Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) Ahmad Nafi; Tri Susanto; Achmad Subagio
Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan Vol. 17 No. 3 (2006): Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, IPB Indonesia bekerjasama dengan PATPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (401.597 KB)

Abstract

With respect to the high content of carbohydrate and protein, Protein Rich Flour (PRF) were developped from non-oilseed legumes i.e. hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus (L) Sweet) and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) PRF. PRFs were prepared using water and NaOH solution (0.01N) as the extraction solvent. After precipitation in their isoelectric point (pHs) the PRFs produced were characterized to determine the potential practical applications. The results showed that PRF from hyacinth bean extracted by water was the best product with yield of 31.19%, protein content of 58.41±4.45%, solubility of 82-100% and oil holding capacity being 93.92±9.19. Moreover pepsin-digestibility of the hyacinth bean PRF was higher (8.29±0.34%) than soybean protein isolate (7.10±0.37%) or casein (7.04±0.14%). Based on their characteristics, PRF is regarded as potential to be developed as novel food ingredient. Key words: Non-oilseed Legumes, PRF, Characterization
effect of ascorbic acid on gel formation of myofibril from big eye scad fish (Selar crumenophthalnus) Achmad Subagio; Wiwik siti Windrati; Mukhamad Fauzi; Yuli Witono
Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan Vol. 16 No. 2 (2005): Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, IPB Indonesia bekerjasama dengan PATPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (342.377 KB)

Abstract

Effect of ascorbic acid on gel formation of myofibril from big eye scad fish (Selar crumenophthalnus)were studied for its development as food ingredient. Myofibril was galled by the addition of various concentrations of ascorbic acid (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%) and the gels were then characterized for its cooking loss, of the gel, but at 0.4% the cooking loss of gel increased significantly. Accordingly, the WHC of the gel changed insignificantly with the ascorbic acid addition below 0.3%, and decrease sharply in the addition of 0.4%. Gel textures were affected by the addition of ascorbic acid at all levels, namely 29.9 ± 1.9, 31.0 ± 0.3, 35.4 ± 0.4, 46.7 ± 1.5, and 115.7 ± 3.2 g/7 mm for 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that addition of ascorbic acid drove formation odfdisulphide bond in the myosin heavy chain (MHC) and other myofirillar proteins, resulting in the development of a strong three dimensions structure I myofibril gel as shown by microscopic structure. Key words : Ascorbic acid, Big eye Scad Fish (Selar crumenophthalnus), el formation myofibril
Characterization of Myofibrillar Protein from Goldband Goat Fish (Upeneus moluccensis) and Bigeye Scad Fish (Selar crumenophthalmus) Achmad Subagio; Wiwik Siti Windrati; Mukhammad Fauzi; Yuli Witono
Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan Vol. 15 No. 1 (2004): Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, IPB Indonesia bekerjasama dengan PATPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3962.964 KB)

Abstract

Characteristics of myofibrillar protein from goldband goat fish (U. moluccensis) and bigeye scad fish (S. crumenophthalmus) were studied for their development as food ingredient. Color analysis using chromameter showed that myfibrillar protein from goldband goat fish was light colored, while that of bigeye scad was slightly drak colored. Proximate analysis showed that their contents were similar by crude protein 7-10%, crude fat 0.2-0.5%, and ash 0.4-0.7%. Amino acid compositions of both myofibrillar proteins were very close, dominated by glutamic acid (20%), aspartic acid (10%) and lysine (9%). However, comparing with bigeye scad, myofibrillar proteins from goldband goatfish were easily aggregated, had higher gelation capacity and higher emulsion activity, but lower solubility. Based on these result, myofibrillar protein from goldband goatfish has good charachteristics as food ingredient especially for restructured products comparing with bigeye scad. Key words : Myfibrillar, goldband, goat fish, bigeye scad fish, proteins.
Effects of Addition of Protein Isolates from Jack Bean Seed (Canavalia ensiformis L.) on the Characteristics of Cake Achmad Subagio; Wiwik Siti Windrati; Yuli Witono
Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan Vol. 14 No. 2 (2003): Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, IPB Indonesia bekerjasama dengan PATPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (357.997 KB)

Abstract

Addition of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L.) protein isolate in cake making was studied. The isolate was prepared from the beans by the method of isoelectrical point at pH 4. At low concentrations (less than 1% of the wheat flour), the addition of the protein isolate could improve the characteristics of the cake by increasing the loaf volume, decreasing the density, and softening the texture. In contrast, the addition of 1.5% tended to decrease the quality of the cake as compared to that added with 1% by decreasing the loaf volume, increasing the density, and hardening the texture. However, the more protein isolate added, the more slowly the rate of the cake staling. Key words : Cake, jack bean, protein isolate.
TEPUNG KAYA PROTEIN DARI KORO KOMAK SEBAGAI BAHAN PANGAN FUNGSIONAL BERINDEKS GLISEMIK RENDAH [Protein Rich Flour from Hyacinth Bean as Functional Food Ingredient with Low Glycemic Index] Ahmad Nafi’; Wiwik Siti Windrati; Andri Pamungkas; Achmad Subagio
Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan Vol. 24 No. 1 (2013): Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, IPB Indonesia bekerjasama dengan PATPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (337.367 KB) | DOI: 10.6066/jtip.2013.24.1.1

Abstract

ABSTRACT Protein-rich flour (PRF) produced from Hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus (L) Sweet) shows good potency as a functional food ingredient. The PRF was extracted from hyacinth bean using water followed by protein precipitation at its isoelectric point. The precipitate was neutralized using 1 N NaOH and the slurry was dried, ground and sieved. The objective of this research was to characterize the nutritive value of PRF i.e., protein content and amino acid profile, trypsin inhibitors activity, content of vitamins B1 and B2, the amylose and amylopectin ratio of starch and its glycemic index. The results showed that the PRF contained high protein (58.4±4.5%). The major amino acid was glutamic acid, while methionine was found as the limited amino acid of the PRF. The activity of trypsin inhibitor was low (20.4±1.6 unit/g). Moreover, PRF contains 0.2 and 3.6 mg/100 g of vitamins B1 and B2 respectively. With a high ratio of amylose (30.0±2.0%) and high content of resistance starch (7.97 g/100 g), the PRF showed a low glycemic index (43.50). Based on its characteristics, this PRF can be promoted as a new food ingredient, especially for diabetic diet. Keywords: glycemic index, nutritive value, protein rich flour Komak (Lablab purpureus (L) Sweet)
Pengaruh Perlakuan pH dan Suhu Terhadap Sifat Fisikokimia Mocaf (Modified Cassava Flour) nurud diniyah; Pradiska Gita Vindy Ganesha; Achmad Subagio
Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian Vol 16, No 3 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpasca.v16n3.2019.147-158

Abstract

Peningkatan sifat fungsional pati dapat dilakukan dengan mengubah struktur pati menjadi lebih banyak pada bagian amorf dengan cara perlakuan fermentasi pada umbi singkong terlebih dahulu sehingga dihasilkan Mocaf. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan karakteristik pati Mocaf dengan perlakuan panas dan pengaturan tingkat keasaman (pH) agar dapat digunaan dalam aplikasi yang lebih luas. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini meliputi variasi suhu pemanasan (60, 70, 80, 90, dan 120 °C) dan pH (3, 4, 5, 6, dan 7) dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali dengan parameter pengukuran meliputi daya kembang, kelarutan, kekeruhan, viskositas pasta, bentuk granula pati, dan sineresis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa suhu pemanasan mempengaruhi nilai daya kembang, kelarutan, viskositas, bentuk granula pati, dan sineresis Mocaf, tetapi menyebabkan penurunan tingkat kekeruhan. Sedangkan penambahan asam dapat mempengaruhi viskositas dan granula pati Mocaf. Effect of pH and Temperature Treatment on Physicochemical Properties of Mocaf (Modiffied Cassava Flour) The changes in the starch’s structure to amorphous can increase the functional characteristics of starch using the fermentation process of cassava to be known as Mocaf. The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of Mocaf’s starch due to temperature and pH processing. Treatment in this research including various of temperature (60, 70, 80, 90, and 120 °C) dan pH (3, 4, 5, 6, dan 7) in three replications with analysis of swelling power, solubility, viscosity, starch granule, and syneresis. The results of this study indicate that the heating temperature affects the value of swelling power, solubility, viscosity, starch granule, and syneresis of Mocaf, but it causes a decrease of Mocaf’s turbidity. The addition of acid may affect the viscosity and granules of Mocaf’s starch.
KARAKTERISASI SERA MOCAF (MODIFIED CASSAVA FLOUR) DARI UBIKAYU VARIETAS MANIS DAN PAHIT nurud diniyah; Nugraha Yuwana; nFN Maryanto; Bambang Herry Purnomo; Achmad Subagio
Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian Vol 15, No 3 (2018): Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpasca.v15n3.2018.114-122

Abstract

Mocaf (tepung kasava termodifikasi/Modified Cassava Flour) dapat dibuat dari berbagai varietas ubikayu dengan lama fermentasi yang bervariasi. Hasil samping dari produksi Mocaf berupa komponen tidak lolos ayakan 100 mesh yang disebut “Sera”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan varietas (Cimanggu dan Kaspro) dan lama fermentasi (0, 12, dan 24 jam) terhadap sifat fisikokimia sera Mocaf. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 faktor yaitu varietas ubikayu dan lama fermentasi. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi sifat fisik dan kimia seperti derajat putih, densitas kamba, proksimat, kadar serat kasar, dan kadar hemiselulosa-selulosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sera Mocaf dari ubikayu varietas Cimanggu dan Kaspro memiliki karakteristik berupa derajat putih berkisar 84,61-86,05%, densitas kamba 0,58-0,75 g/mL, kadar air 11,79-13,73%, kadar abu 0,61-2,68 %, kadar protein 1,31-2,34 %, kadar lemak 1,50-2,14 %, kadar serat kasar 18,11-22,76 %, kadar hemiselulosa 29,20-34,21 %, dan kadar selulosa 18,47-21,89 %. Sera sebagai limbah Mocaf masih berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan baku produk tinggi serat seperti cone es krim, roti tawar, dan cookies. (modified cassava flour) from sweet and bitter cassava varietiesMocaf (Modified Cassava Flour) can be made from various varieties of cassava with various duration of fermentation. The by-product of Mocaf, a component that does not pass 100-mesh sieve, is called “Sera”. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different cassava varieties (Cimanggu and Kaspro) and duration of fermentation (0, 12, and 24 h) on the physicochemical properties of Mocaf sera. The experimental design used in this study was Randomized Block Design with 2 factors, namely cassava varieties and fermentation duration. Parameters observed included physical and chemical properties, i.e. whiteness, bulk density, proximate crude fiber and hemicellulose-cellulose content. The results showed that the characteristics of sera Mocaf from Cimanggu and Kaspro varieties were as follows: 84.61-86.05% whiteness, bulk density of 0.58-0.75 g /mL, moisture content of 11.79-13.73%, ash content of 0.61-2.68%, protein content of 1.31-2.34%, fat content of 1.50-2.14%, crude fiber content of 18.11-22.76%, hemicellulose content of 29.20-34.21%, and cellulose content of 18.47-21.89%. Sera as the waste of Mocaf processing had potential to be utilized as raw material for high fiber products such as ice cream cone, bread, and cookies.
Co-Authors -, Giyarto Agafatmi, Izzun Agustin Akhiriani, Resti Agustin Akhiriani, Resti Ahmad Nafi Ahmad Nafi Ahmad Nafi Ahmad Nafi’ Ainur Rofiah, Alif Alif Ainur Rofiah Alshammari, Fanar Hamad Amelia Puspitasari Aminah Abdullah Amini, Stefia A. Ancah Caesarina Novi Marchianti Andri Pamungkas Ararinda Kusweni, Nelfi Arifah, Naila Zanuba Asmak Afriliana Aulanni'am, Aulanni'am Aulanni’am Aulanni’am AUNUR ROFIQ Aunur Rofiq Azkiyah, Lailatul Bambang Piluharto Denik Setiawati Djamali, R. Abdoel Dwiyanti, Inayatus Nur EKA RURIANI Fahmi, Dafiq Kurniawan Fambudi, Stela S. Fatimah Wahyu Firdaus, Lutfi Gita Vindy, Pradiska Giyarto Giyarto Gustika Umiyati Herlina Herlina Herry Purnomo, Bambang Heru Widyatmoko Iguchi, Miyuki Inayatul Aulia Indarto Indarto indarto indarto Irsyam, Mahrus Jauhar Firdaus Lindrianasari Liony Dwi Yulianti Lutfi Firdaus Marchianti, Ancah CN. Maryanto - Mohammad Mardiyanto Mukhamad Fauzi Mukhammad Fauzi Nafi', Ahmad Nanto, Mai nFN Maryanto Nia Ariani Putri Nia Ariani Putri Nugraha Yuwana Nugraha Yuwana Nur Aini Nur Lutfian Sari, Riri Nurhayati Nurhayati Nurud Diniyah Nurul Isnaini Fitriyana Pradiska Gita Vindy Pradiska Gita Vindy Ganesha Prasetyo, Aris Puspita Sari Puspita Sari Putri, Dhiani E. Riri Nur Lutfian Sari Riri Nur Lutfian Sari Sakinah, Elly N. Shahira, Silvia Faradjdilara Sih Yuwanti SIMON BAMBANG WIDJANARKO Siti Windrati, Wiwik Subekah Nawa Kartikasari Subekah Nawa Kartikasari Tri Susanto Wiwik Siti Windrati Wiwik Siti Windrati Wiwik Siti Windrati Wiwik Siti Windrati Yoshino, Tomoyuki Yuli Wibowo Yuli Witono Yulianti, Liony Dwi