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Journal : Widya Teknik

Preparation of Clay Minerals – Natural Surfactant Composites to Remove Organic Dyes and Heavy Metals Laysandra, Livy; Kurniawan, Darwin; Soetaredjo, Felycia Edi; Ismadji, Suryadi
Widya Teknik Vol. 22 No. 2 (2023): November
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/wt.v22i2.5417

Abstract

The rapid development of industry is considered to be the main cause of various environmental problems, which are mainly caused by the discharge of wastewater which contains many hazardous compounds. Dyes and heavy metals are type of hazardous substances that are often found in industrial wastewater and cause ecosystem damage. Dyes and heavy metals are more difficult to remove due to their inability to be broken down, so they can build up and reach dangerous levels. Adsorption is a straighforward and efficient method for dealing with hazardous substance contamination in water. Clay minerals, known for their efficient adsorption properties, were chosen for this procedure. Clay minerals are porous materials so they are suitable for use as adsorbents. The intercalation technique is a robust strategy to further increase the adsorption capacity of clay minerals, which is done by treating clay minerals with surfactants. Clay minerals modified with natural surfactants are considered as a potential choice for removal procedures. The use of this natural surfactant was chosen because of its excellent adsorption capacity and environmentally friendly properties. Polar lipids, natural surfactants, are commonly present in the lipid layers of plants and animals. This review focuses on the synthesis of modified clay minerals using different natural surfactants such as soybeans, saponins, lipopeptides, and rhamnolipids, as well as the use of alternative clay mineral/natural surfactant composites. This review describe various types of natural surfactants that can be used to modify clay minerals and their application in the adsorption process.
A Review of the Development and Role of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production Yuliana, Maria; Ismadji, Suryadi; Wijaya, Christian Julius; Soetaredjo, Felycia Edi; Gunarto, Chintya; Santoso, Shella Permatasari; Putro, Jindrayani Nyoo; Anggorowati, Adriana Anteng; Lourentius, Suratno
Widya Teknik Vol. 23 No. 1 (2024): May
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/wt.v23i1.5453

Abstract

Indonesian regulations regarding the implementation of B30 encourage a significant increase in biodiesel demand. Moreover, this implementation will continue to be increased to B35 in 2025 and is projected to reach B100 in 2045. This high demand for biodiesel needs to be supported by the development of adequate biodiesel production technology where the catalyst is one aspect that plays an important role in biodiesel production. The use of catalysts aims to accelerate biodiesel production so that high biodiesel yields and good quality are achieved. In biodiesel production, the choice of catalyst greatly influences the operating conditions, the products produced, the subsequent purification process, and the environmental impacts. Moreover, the changing trend in biodiesel raw materials from food to non-food ingredients requires the development of catalysts that are more suitable for the raw materials used in biodiesel production. The specific characteristics of each catalyst play an important role in the transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel where this needs to be supported and adapted to optimum operating conditions, especially in terms of alcohol-to-oil molar ratio, catalyst amount, temperature, pressure, and reaction time. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the various heterogeneous catalysts used to assist the transesterification reactions in biodiesel production.
A Review of Biofuels and Their Positive Impacts on Health and the Environment Yuliana, Maria; Ismadji, Suryadi; Wijaya, Christian Julius; Soetaredjo, Felycia Edi; Lie, Jenni; Hartono, Sandy Budi; Irawaty, Wenny; Puspitasari, Nathania; Lourentius, Suratno
Widya Teknik Vol. 23 No. 1 (2024): May
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/wt.v23i1.5454

Abstract

Indonesia's high population and rapid economic growth are driving a major transformation in the transportation sector, which is in line with the high increase in fuel demand. The need for biofuel as a substitute for conventional fuel is increasingly being prioritized by considering sustainable development goals (SGDs). Biofuel has safer health and environmental impacts than conventional fuel but still has fuel performance that meets fuel standards and engine performance. Biofuels can be derived from a variety of more sustainable and abundant raw materials, such as biomass and vegetable oils. In this review biodiesel, hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO), and direct vegetable oil (SVO) are discussed in depth regarding the transformation of their production processes and their impacts on health and the environment. Biodiesel is one of the most widely developed and implemented compared to HVO and SVO to encourage the use of renewable energy in various aspects of people's lives in Indonesia. These three biofuels have different fuel characteristics and performance but can continue to be developed in the future to increase the implementation of renewable energy more massively.
Inovasi Pengolahan Minyak Bekas: Peningkatan Kualitas Melalui Adsorpsi FFA dan Produksi Sabun Cair Ernest, Edward Hartman; Widagdo, Antonius Jimmy; Ismadji, Suryadi; Santoso, Shella Permatasari; Gosal, Ferdy
Widya Teknik Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): May
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/wt.v24i1.6089

Abstract

Minyak goreng bekas atau minyak jelantah merupakan limbah yang signifikan di Indonesia, dengan konsumsi nasional mencapai 13 juta liter pada 2019 dan sekitar 7,8 juta liter di antaranya berpotensi menjadi minyak jelantah. Pengelolaan minyak jelantah yang tidak optimal menyebabkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan, seperti penyumbatan saluran air, penurunan kualitas tanah, dan gangguan ekosistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengurangi kandungan asam lemak bebas (FFA) dalam minyak jelantah melalui proses adsorpsi menggunakan karbon aktif yang diaktivasi dengan NaOH dan HCl, untuk kemudian digunakan dalam pembuatan sabun cair. Karbon aktif diproduksi dari ampas kopi melalui karbonisasi pada suhu 550°C dan diaktivasi dengan NaOH 1 M atau HCl 1 M. Pengukuran kandungan FFA dilakukan dengan metode titrasi asam-basa. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif yang diaktivasi dengan NaOH memiliki efisiensi penghilangan FFA sebesar 32,12% dengan kapasitas adsorpsi 28,76 mg/g, lebih tinggi dibandingkan aktivasi dengan HCl yang memiliki efisiensi 28,14% dan kapasitas 22,82 mg/g. Aktivasi dengan NaOH menghasilkan pori-pori lebih besar dan lebih banyak situs aktif berupa gugus hidroksil, meningkatkan adsorpsi FFA melalui interaksi ion-dipol dan ikatan hidrogen. Sebaliknya, aktivasi dengan HCl cenderung meningkatkan keasaman permukaan karbon, mengurangi afinitas terhadap FFA. Pengujian sabun menunjukkan pH 8 yang sesuai untuk kulit, tekstur yang halus, aroma tidak menyengat, serta stabilitas formulasi yang baik setelah satu minggu. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa adsorpsi dengan karbon aktif NaOH efektif menurunkan FFA, memungkinkan produksi sabun cair ramah lingkungan dengan kualitas baik dan berpotensi komersial. Penelitian lanjutan diharapkan dapat mengoptimalkan metode ini untuk skala besar dan aplikasi pengolahan minyak daur ulang lainnya, termasuk untuk keperluan industri.