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All Journal International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Jurnal Riset Kimia CHEMPUBLISH JOURNAL IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry) Jurnal Zarah Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Majalah Farmasetika Warta Pengabdian Andalas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengembangan Dan Penerapan Ipteks Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Journal of The Indonesian Society of Integrated Chemistry Jurnal Kimia Unand
Mai Efdi
Departemen Kimia FMIPA Universitas Andalas
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Antioxidant Activities Extracts N-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate and Methanol of Limau Sundai (Citrus nobilis Lour) Peels Melindra Mulia; Mai Efdi; Afrizal Afrizal; Niza Lian Pernadi; Devi Purnamasari
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 23 No. 04 (2022): Eksakta: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464)
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol23-iss04/339

Abstract

The Limau Sundai plant (Citrus Nobilis Lour) is widely known in West Sumatra. The fruit of this plant is commonly consumed as a cooking spice. This antioxidant activity test research aims to find out the potential of Lime Sundai peel as a source of antioxidant compounds. The peel of Limau Sundai fruit is ensnared with methanol solvent and concentrated using a rotary evaporator to obtain a coarse extract. The crude extract is then partitioned successively in n-hexane and ethyl acetate so that n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts are obtained. Sundai lime peel has good antioxidant activity against DPPH, which is shown in the ethyl fraction of acetate, methanol, and liquid methanol. The antioxidant activity of the three fractions is smaller than vitamin C and more significant than the hexane fraction. In the ethyl acetate, methanol and methanol/aqueous fractions with concentrations of 1076, 1822, and 1372 ppm in a row can reduce 50% of DPPH radical activity.
Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Enriched Natural Kaolinite Clay and Its Application For Biodiesel Production Syukri Syukri; Fadhil Ferdian; Yetria Rilda; Yulia Eka Putri; Mai Efdi; Upita Septiani
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 10, No 2 (2021): May 2021
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2021.32915

Abstract

A heterogeneous catalyst is one type of catalyst which is very effective for biodiesel production; thus, in this study, a novel heterogeneous bifunctional catalyst was prepared by kaolinite clay obtained from Padang of West Sumatera and impregnated with graphene oxide and potassium hydroxide (KOH) for the simultaneous esterification and transesterification reactions of palm oil into biodiesel. For comparison, two other catalysts were also prepared. The first catalyst was the same clay which was heated at 450ºC for 4 hours, and the second catalyst was the same clay which was impregnated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) only. The three catalysts were characterized using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). XRF analysis showed that the clay sample’s main composition consisted of 54% silica, 35% alumina, and 7% hematite. The XRD analysis results showed that the most dominant crystal composition was quartz, kaolinite, and hematite. The analysis results using FTIR showed a change in intensity and shift in wave numbers indicating a cation exchange. The catalytic activity test was carried out with a ratio of oil and methanol 1:6, catalyst amount 5%, 60ºC reaction temperature, and 4 hours of reaction time.The results showed that the catalytic activity of clays impregnated with graphene oxide and potassium hydroxide was better with a yield of 58% compared to clays without impregnation and other clays that were only impregnated with KOH under the yields of 0.8% and 0.4%, respectively
Natural Clay of Pasaman Barat Enriched by CaO of Chicken Eggshells as Catalyst for Biodiesel Production Syukri Syukri; Kevin Septioga; Syukri Arief; Yulia Eka Putri; Mai Efdi; Upita Septiani
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 3 Year 2020 (December 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.3.8097.662-673

Abstract

This study uses broiler chicken eggshells to enhance catalytic activity of clay obtained from Pasaman Barat (West Sumatra, Indonesia) in lab-scale biodiesel production. The eggshell is a source of calcium oxide (CaO) which operates as a catalyst when mixed with the clay (Ca-Clay). Two other catalysts were also prepared as comparisons by 1) heating the clay at 800 oC for 6 hours (P-Clay), 2) mixing the P-Clay with KOH (K-Clay). An X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) showed the elemental composition of Ca-Clay contained Ca, Si, Al, and Fe. An X-ray Diffraction (XRD) showed the formation of highly crystalline CaO in the Ca-Clay with the main peak at 2θ = 37.27o. The Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrum showed an absorption peak in the range of 700-900 cm-1 indicating Ca-O stretching demonstrating successful incorporation of the CaO into the clay. The catalytic activity test showed the Ca-Clay had a higher catalytic performance than P-Clay and K-Clay in terms of the yield of biodiesel produced (73%). Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Profil Fitokimia dan Uji Toksisitas Daun Tumbuhan Aglaia Odorata dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test Mai Efdi; Ridho Sahary Adha; Adlis Santoni
Jurnal Kimia Unand Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): November 2022
Publisher : Departemen Kimia Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jku.11.2.1-4.2022

Abstract

Toxicity and phytochemistry assay have been conducted on extracts and fractions of Aglaia odorata leaves using brine shrimp lethality test. Aglaia odorata is one of the plants that are found in Indonesia. To investigate Aglaia odorata leaves potential as anticancer, air-dried and powdered leaves were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetat, and metanol by using maceration method. Extract of ethyl acetat showed the highest toxicity with LC50 value is 125.89 mg/L
Review Pembuatan Kokristal Farmasi dengan Metode Mekanokimia Yenti, Revi; Zulhadjri, Zulhadjri; Efdi, Mai; Zaini, Erizal
Majalah Farmasetika Vol 9, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/mfarmasetika.v9i1.48094

Abstract

Pengembangan bahan aktif farmasi saat ini cukup pesat, salah satunya adalah pengembangan kokristal. Kokristal dibuat dengan menggabungkan antara bahan aktif farmasi dan koformernya dengan berbagai metode misalnya pelarutan dan penggilingan. Mekanokimia adalah metode yang efektif untuk persiapan sistem kristal multikomponen. Mekanokimia dianggap sebagai alternatif pendekatan ramah lingkungan karena dilakukan dalam kondisi bebas pelarut atau dengan adanya pelarut dalam jumlah minimal. Artikel review ini dibuat dengan metode instrumen pencarian online terbitan internasional yang akan membahas definisi dan sejarah kokristal farmasi, teknik pembuatan kokristal, sejarah dan definisi mekanokimia, metode mekanokimia pada pembuatan kokristal farmasi, mekanisme metode mekanokimia, serta keuntungan dan kerugian metode mekanokimia. Oleh karena itu pada ulasan ini dijelaskan dan dibahas relevansi prosedur mekanokimia dalam pembentukan kristal multikomponen yang fokus pada kokristal farmasi. Selain itu pada akhir tinjauan ini juga dilaporkan ringkasan makalah ilmiah tentang sintesis mekanokimia kokristal farmasi.
Potential Toxicity of Legundi Leaf Extract (Vitex Trifolia L) Using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Method Arifah, Zil; Efdi, Mai; Syafrizayanti, Syafrizayanti
Journal of The Indonesian Society of Integrated Chemistry Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024): Journal of The Indonesian Society of Integrated Chemistry
Publisher : Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/jisic.v16i1.33115

Abstract

Many natural products can be used as starting points in developing modern medicines because of their capabilities in pharmacological activities. Vitex trifolia L is an herbal plant that has been used to treat diseases such as fever, inflammation, colds, irregular menstruation, and diseases related to the female reproductive organs. This study aims to identify the cytotoxic ability of Vitex trifolia L leaf extract using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Extraction was carried out by maceration and fractionation methods, followed by phytochemical assay and cytotoxic assay using BSLT method. The results showed that the n-hexane extract had a moderate cytotoxic effect (LC50 241 µg/ml), the methanol extract included in the low toxic category (LC50 995 µg/ml) and the other two extracts involved in the non-toxic category (ethyl acetate and butanol).
Cytotoxic Potensial and Molecular Docking of Essential Oil Piper Aduncum Flowers Against Cervical Cancer Cells Rahmadani, Indah; Efdi, Mai; Suryati, Suryati
Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Vol 12, No 4 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/hjkk.v12i4.12479

Abstract

Piper aduncum L., commonly known as spiked pepper, is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat various diseases due to its diverse, active compounds. This article investigates the chemical composition, cytotoxic bioactivity in vitro and the silico of the essential oil (EO) from the flowers of Piper aduncum collected in Padang City, Indonesia. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The in vitro cytotoxicity of the EO was assessed against cervical cancer (HeLa cancer cell line) using the MTT assay and further explored through molecular docking approaches. The main constituent of the essential oil from the flowers was dillapiol (31.68%). The LC50 and IC50 values were 31.3471 µg/mL and 65.83 µg/mL, respectively. Computational screening was performed to observe the interactions between active compounds and proteins AKT and ERK2 using molecular docking. AKT and ERK2 act as critical regulators in the PI3K/Akt and ERK/MEK signaling pathways and are potential drug targets for cancer therapy. The compounds used complied with ADMET analysis and toxicity profile. However, it is noteworthy that there have been no previous reports on the essential oil from Piper aduncum flowers from Padang City specifically targeting cervical cancer, which molecular docking studies have complemented. The results suggest that the essential oil from the flowers of Piper aduncum can be further studied as a potential lead in drug discovery for cervical cancer.
Investigation into the Phytochemical Profiles, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potentials of Toona sinensis Stem Bark Part Santoni, Adlis; Efdi, Mai; Salim, Emil
Molekul Vol 19 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.3.6434

Abstract

Toona sinensis has been used as a traditional medicine to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and fever. In the present study, the stem bark extracts of T. sinensis were investigated to determine the antibacterial activity, total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, and chemical constituent using gradual extraction by maceration method with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol respectively. In vitro, antibacterial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by agar well diffusion method. The hexane fraction was more sensitive to S. aureus and the ethyl acetate and methanol fractions were more sensitive to E. coli. The methanol extract showed the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Phytochemically, Toona sinensis stem bark extract contained phenolic, flavonoid, steroid, triterpenoid, and coumarin. Investigation of ethyl acetate extract produced 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavan-3-ol (catechin). Keywords: Antibacterial, antioxidant, catechin, Toona sinensis, total phenolic content
Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Antidiabetic Test of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Tiger’s Betel (Piper porphyrophyllum) Hanifah, Nurul; Santoni, Adlis; Efdi, Mai
Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Vol 12, No 5 (2024): October 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/hjkk.v12i5.13118

Abstract

Piper porphyrophyllum or known as tiger’s betel, is a medicinal plant of the Piper genus that is quite widespread in Indonesia, especially on Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan island. Tiger’s betel is widely used traditionally to treat headaches, bone pain, chest tightness, skin diseases, relieve inflammation, and diabetes mellitus. This study aims to determine the type of secondary metabolite compounds contained in the ethyl acetate fraction of tiger’s betel and determine its antidiabetic activity. Determination of the type of compound is conducted by phytochemical screening by a qualitative test using various reagents to identify flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, triterpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and coumarins. The antidiabetic assay was carried out by inhibiting α-glucosidase activity and the results were reported as IC50 values. The ethyl acetate fraction of tiger’s betel positively contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolics. The antidiabetic activity is classified as very strong, with an IC50 value of 14.06 µg/mL.
Antioxidant of Ethanol Extract and Toxicity of Fractions from Aspergillus unguis a Marine Sponge Symbiont of Aaptos suberitoides Masyerli, Scify Bilqis Nawafi; Efdi, Mai; Bashari, Muhammad Hasan; Untung Kurnia Agung, Mochamad; Subhan, Beginer; Efahmi, Efahmi; Andriani, Yosie; Syafrizayanti, Syafrizayanti
Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Vol 13, No 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/hjkk.v13i1.14645

Abstract

The marine sponge Aaptos suberitoides has been shown to have anticancer properties, with clear evidence of its capacity to suppress the growth of cancer cells. However, the pharmaceutical exploration of chemicals from marine organisms causes significant environmental concerns. Aspergillus unguis, a fungal symbiont of the marine sponge A. suberitoides, has been isolated for its potential in sustainable natural products resources. This study assesses the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract and the toxicity of four levels fractions from ethanol extracts of A. unguis mycelium and these results were reported for the first time in this study. The antioxidant of ethanol extract was determined using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The fractions were examined for toxicity using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The ethanol extract of A. unguis shows very strong antioxidant bioactivity (IC50 = 42.84 mg/L). The LC50 values for hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions were determined to be 74.11 µg/mL, 93.84 µg/mL, 59.37 µg/mL, and 142.79 µg/mL, respectively. It indicates significant toxicity. These preliminary results are important knowledge for further research into the bioactivity potential of the metabolites as candidate anticancer compounds, aligning with marine pharmaceutical drug development.
Co-Authors -, Sabariah -, Yefrida A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Abdi Wira Septama Adlis Santoni Afritunando, Yogi Afrizal Afrizal Afrizal Afrizal Afrizal Afrizal Itam Aju Deska Akmel Suhada Alvionita, Jessica Annisa Wulandari Arifah, Zil Aziz, Enda Desriansyah Bashari, Muhammad Hasan Beginer Subhan Bumali, Restu Bustanul Arifin Bustanul Arifin Bustanul Arifin Dara Pratama Defitriani, Anggun Deswati Deswati Devi Purnamasari Dian Kumala Sari Dira Hefni Djaswir Darwis Djaswir Darwis Efahmi, Efahmi Elida Mardiah Emil Salim Emriadi - Enda Desriansyah Aziz Erizal Zaini Fadhil Ferdian Fatma Sri Wahyuni Febriana, Nindi Antika Hamzar Suyani Hermansyah Aziz Ibnu Irawan Ida Ayu Putu Sri Widnyani Imelda Imelda Imelda Imelda Jessica Alvionita Kartika MZ Kartika Kevin Septioga Koketsu, Mamoru Kunitomo Watanabe Lestari Ningsih Lucy Prima Ardi M. Iqbal Alfarisyi M. Iqbal Alfarisyi Mamoru Koketsu Marniati Salim Masyerli, Scify Bilqis Nawafi Matlal Fajri Alif Mudinillah, Adam Mulia, Melindra MZ, Kartika Nindi Antika Febriana Niza Lian Pernadi Novesar Jamarun Nurainas Nurainas Nurul Fadhillah Nurul Hanifah Olly Norita Tetra Putri Arwanda Rahmadani, Indah Refilda Refilda Refinel - Ria Januarti Ridho Sahary Adha Sabariah - Safni Safni Salim, Emil Sari Ramadhani Solly Aryza Suhada, Akmel Suhada, Akmel Suryati Suryati Suryati Suryati Suryati Susanti, Febria Elvy Syafrizayanti Syafrizayanti Syafrizayanti Syafrizayanti, Syafrizayanti Syukri - Syukri Arief Syukri Arief Syukri Syukri Tia Okselni Untung Kurnia Agung, Mochamad Upita Septiani Watanabe, Kunitomo Yefrida - Yeni Stiadi Yetria Rilda Yogi Afritunando Yosie Andriani Yulia Eka Putri Yulizar Yusuf Yuni Malasari Zilfa Zilfa Zulhadjri Zulhadjri