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PENENTUAN JENIS TANIN DAN PENETAPAN KADAR TANIN DARI KULIT BUAH PISANG MASAK (Musa paradisiaca L.) SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI DAN PERMANGANOMETRI Ryanata, Ebry; Palupi, Sajekti; Azminah, .
CALYPTRA : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya Vol 4, No 1 (2015): CALYPTRA : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya
Publisher : University of Surabaya

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Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai penentuan kadar tanin kulit buah pisang masak (Musa paradisiaca L.) varietas kepok secara spektrofotometri dan permanganometri. Serbuk kulit buah pisang diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi kinetik menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Ekstrak yang didapat diuji kualitatif maupun kuantitatif. Hasil uji kualitatif menunjukkan adanya tanin dan jenis taninnya adalah tanin terkondensasi. Uji kuantitatif secara spektrofotometer didapatkan panjang gelombang maksimum asam galat adalah 765,50, dan waktu yang diperlukan untuk mencapai serapan konstan adalah 90 menit. Kurva baku asam galat adalah : y = 0,0601 + 0,0887x, nilai r hitung = 0,999. Rata-rata kadar tanin yang didapat secara spektrofotometri adalah 2,45%. Dengan menggunakan permanganometri, didapatkan normalitas asam oksalat 0,11N dan normalitas KMnO4 0,1097N. Rata-rata kadar yang didapat dengan permanganometri 0,8%.

PENENTUAN JENIS TANIN DAN PENETAPAN KADAR TANIN DARI KULIT BUAH PISANG MASAK (Musa paradisiaca L.) SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI DAN PERMANGANOMETRI Ebry Ryanata; Sajekti Palupi; Azminah Azminah
CALYPTRA Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015): Calyptra : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya (September)
Publisher : Perpustakaan Universitas Surabaya

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Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai penentuan kadar tanin kulit buah pisang masak (Musa paradisiaca L.) varietas kepok secara spektrofotometri dan permanganometri. Serbuk kulit buah pisang diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi kinetik menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Ekstrak yang didapat diuji kualitatif maupun kuantitatif. Hasil uji kualitatif menunjukkan adanya tanin dan jenis taninnya adalah tanin terkondensasi. Uji kuantitatif secara spektrofotometer didapatkan panjang gelombang maksimum asam galat adalah 765,50, dan waktu yang diperlukan untuk mencapai serapan konstan adalah 90 menit. Kurva baku asam galat adalah : y = 0,0601 + 0,0887x, nilai r hitung = 0,999. Rata-rata kadar tanin yang didapat secara spektrofotometri adalah 2,45%. Dengan menggunakan permanganometri, didapatkan normalitas asam oksalat 0,11N dan normalitas KMnO4 0,1097N. Rata-rata kadar yang didapat dengan permanganometri 0,8%.

Identifikasi Alkohol dalam Hand Sanitizer secara Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) dan Kemometrik Kusuma Hendrajaya; Nur Jamailah; Azminah Azminah
MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana) Vol. 3 No. 4 (2021): DECEMBER
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/mpi.v3i4.4627

Hand sanitizer merupakan produk yang mengandung zat antiseptik untuk mencuci tangan tanpa harus dibilas dengan air. Alkohol sebagai bahan aktif dalam hand sanitizer banyak digunakan sebagai antiseptik yang mempunyai aktivitas bakterisidal. Saat pandemi covid-19 banyak hand sanitizer yang beredar di pasaran dengan kadar alkohol antara 60%-80%. Identifikasi adanya alkohol umumnya dengan metode kromatografi gas. Metode analisis untuk identifikasi alkohol dalam hand sanitizer dengan menggunakan spektrometer Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) dan kemometrik dapat digunakan dengan penyiapan sampel yang lebih sederhana dan cepat. Spektrum FTIR menampilkan puncak-puncak dari gugus fungsi dan ikatan kimia dari senyawa-senyawa dalam sampel. Data spektrum FTIR dikombinasikan dengan metode kemometrik (PCA, analisis kluster, dan PLS), digunakan untuk identifikasi dan mengelompokkan sampel uji hand sanitizer dan standar hand sanitizer. Hasil menunjukkan metode spektrometri FTIR dan kemometrik dapat mengidentifikasi dan mengelompokkan sampel uji hand sanitizer dan standar hand sanitizer dengan variasi kadar alkohol dalam hand sanitizer 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, dan 80%.

An Assay of Antioxidant Power of Methanolic Extract Various Type of Soybean Rika Yulia; Azminah Azminah; Michella Michella; Andre Tanzil
Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis Vol 1, No 2 (2015): J Sains Farm Klin 1(2), Mei 2015
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

This study aimed to examine the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of various type of soybean (Glycine max L.Merill) i.e Argomulyo, Burangrang, Ijen, and Kaba by using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl) method. The soybean was crushed, defatted using n-hexan, and extracted using methanol 90%. The processes of defatting and extracting were conducted by kinesthetic maceration. Identification of flavonoid content using KLT and an assay of the antioxidant power of soybean were carried out qualitatively and quantitavely. Qualitative analysis, the color of DPPH solution was fading from violet into yellowish. Quantitative analysis showed that the maximum wave-length of DPPH in methanol was 516,00 nm within 15-minute reaction time. The effective concentration 50% (EC50) of each extract was alsa determined. Results of this study revealed that the methanolic extract of soybean taken from varieties of Argomulyo, Burangrang, Ijen, and Kaba contained flavonoid, with EC50 value of each variety subsequently ranging from 3620.22 bpj; 5290.71 bpj; 4145.99 bpj; and 4253.50 bpj. Argomulyo variety showed the highest antioxidant power.

Isolation and Antibacterial Activity by in vitro and in silico Approach of 6-Deoxyjacareubin Compound from Garcinia latissima Miq. Fruit Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati; Berna Elya; Amarila Malik; Yuditya Artha; Islamudin Ahmad; Azminah Azminah; Muhammad Hanafi; Hanita Omar
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The previous research showed that the fraction C from active extract of Garcinia latissima Miq. fruit was active against Bacillus subtilis. This study aims to isolate and identify the active compound as an antibacterial agent from the fraction C. Fraction C was purified by recrystallization using chloroform and n-hexane solvents and then isolated using preparative-thin layer chromatography-silica gel 60 GF254 to give a yellow compound. The antibacterial activity was determined using microdilution with thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide indicator against B. subtilis American Type Culture Collection 6633. The isolate was identified using UV-Vis, IR, MS, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) and carbon NMR (13C-NMR), and NMR-2D techniques including HMQC and HMBC. Based on the spectroscopic analysis and literature review, the compound was identified as 6-deoxyjacareubin, which is a new compound from Garcinia latissima Miq. The 6-deoxyjacareubin showed antibacterial activity with MIC value of 156.25 ppm and was categorized as a weak antibacterial agent because the MIC value was more than 100 ppm. According to in silico approach to the docking study, 6-deoxyjacareubin showed similar hydrophobic interaction with several amino acid residues including C2565, C2589, G2484, U2590, and U5588 between a native ligand.

Epigenetic Diet to Modulate Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2 Andika, Andika; Ahdyani, Risa; Erlina, Linda; Azminah, Azminah; Yanuar, Arry
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 7, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The COVID-19 pandemic has spread to various parts of the world and caused many deaths. The victims are infected by SARS-CoV-2, a new type of coronavirus that has appeared since December 2019 and caused respiratory symptoms, fever, coughing, and shortness of breath. In addition to social distancing, wearing masks and washing hands, diet is important as a defense of the body against SARS-CoV-2. In this review, researchers conducted epigenetic diet studies that could potentially inhibit SARS-CoV-2, and can be consumed and used on a daily basis.

ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF FABACEAE AND ASTERACEAE FLAVONOID COMPOUNDS AGAINST SARS-CoV-2 ON SPIKE PROTEIN, MAIN PROTEASE (Mpro) AND RNA DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE (RdRp) RECEPTORS WITH IN SILICO METHOD: ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF FABACEAE AND ASTERACEAE FLAVONOID COMPOUNDS AGAINST SARS-CoV-2 ON SPIKE PROTEIN, MAIN PROTEASE (Mpro) AND RNA DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE (RdRp) RECEPTORS WITH IN SILICO METHOD Lekal, Tresia; Kesuma, Dini; Azminah, Azminah
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2023.008.02.2

This study was conducted to test the antiviral activity of flavonoid compounds of Fabaceae tribe (Clitoria ternatea, Caesalpinia sappan, Leucaena leucocephala, Indigofera tinctoria) and Asteraceae tribe (Eclipta prostrata, Artemisia vulgaris, Blumea balsamifera, Chromolaena odorata) against SARS-CoV-2 on spike protein, Mpro and RdRp receptors by molecular docking method in silico. The results of molecular docking with AutoDock Vina showed that the flavonoid compounds apigenin and juglanin (Leucaena leucocephala), semiglabrin and glabratephrin (Indigofera tinctoria), apigetrin (Eclipta prostrata), acacetin (Chromolaena odorata) had binding energies close to, equivalent and better than the original ligand and Comparator of each receptor.

ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF FABACEAE AND ASTERACEAE FLAVONOID COMPOUNDS AGAINST SARS-CoV-2 ON SPIKE PROTEIN, MAIN PROTEASE (Mpro) AND RNA DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE (RdRp) RECEPTORS WITH IN SILICO METHOD: ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF FABACEAE AND ASTERACEAE FLAVONOID COMPOUNDS AGAINST SARS-CoV-2 ON SPIKE PROTEIN, MAIN PROTEASE (Mpro) AND RNA DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE (RdRp) RECEPTORS WITH IN SILICO METHOD Lekal, Tresia; Kesuma, Dini; Azminah, Azminah
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2023.008.02.2

This study was conducted to test the antiviral activity of flavonoid compounds of Fabaceae tribe (Clitoria ternatea, Caesalpinia sappan, Leucaena leucocephala, Indigofera tinctoria) and Asteraceae tribe (Eclipta prostrata, Artemisia vulgaris, Blumea balsamifera, Chromolaena odorata) against SARS-CoV-2 on spike protein, Mpro and RdRp receptors by molecular docking method in silico. The results of molecular docking with AutoDock Vina showed that the flavonoid compounds apigenin and juglanin (Leucaena leucocephala), semiglabrin and glabratephrin (Indigofera tinctoria), apigetrin (Eclipta prostrata), acacetin (Chromolaena odorata) had binding energies close to, equivalent and better than the original ligand and Comparator of each receptor.

Synthesis of New Indazole Analogs of Curcumin as Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Candidates: An In Vitro Investigation Hariyanti, Hariyanti; Hayun, Hayun; Yanuar, Arry; Azminah, Azminah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 5 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.82443

The development of analog curcumin compounds by modifying the structure of monocarbonyl into an analog indazole of curcumin (AIC) is recognized to have a great potential. Still, only a few reports have been available. Rarely occurring in nature, indazole molecules are typically created through chemical synthesis. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize six new AIC compounds with a particular focus on testing in vitro antioxidant activity using the DPPH and FRAP methods, as well as anti-inflammatory activity using the protein denaturation method. The results showed that the compounds formed had high anti-inflammatory activity but low antioxidant activity. All synthesis products produced higher anti-inflammatory activity than standard diclofenac sodium and curcumin compounds. Specifically, compound 3a showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 = 0.548 ± 0.062 μM. Therefore, it was concluded that compound 3a has the potential to be further studied for anti-inflammatory activity.

Aktivitas Hemaglutinasi dan Identifikasi Ekstrak Berbasis Green Solvent dari Akar Tapak Dara (Vinca rosea) dan Daun Kadamba (Mitragyna speciosa Korth. Havil) Menggunakan FTIR-Kemometrik: Hemagglutination Activity and Authentication of Extracts-Based Green Solvent from Vinca rosea and Mitragyna speciosa using FTIR - Chemometrics Risna Agustina; Iswahyudi Iswahyudi; Erwin Samsul; Noor Linda Febrianie; Wisnu Cahyo Prabowo; M. Arifuddin; Hadi Kuncoro; Angga Cipta Narsa; Azminah Azminah; Gemini Alam; Abdul Mun’im; Islamudin Ahmad
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 4 No. 5 (2022): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v4i5.1086

Proteksi terhadap infeksi seperti pandemik virus dapat dihasilkan dengan meningkatkan imunitas tubuh. Tanaman obat yang diolah dan digunakan dengan baik mampu berpotensi meningkatkan imunitas tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas hemaglutinasi dan karakteristik ekstrak berbasis natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) atau lebih dikenal dengan istilah green solvent dari akar Tapak Dara (Vinca rosea) dan daun Kadamba (Mitragyna speciosa Korth. Havil) untuk melihat aktivitas ekstrak tersebut dalam mempengaruhi kerja sistem imun dalam melawan antigen yang masuk kedalam tubuh. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode ekstraksi non-konvensional NADES based microwave-assisted extraction (NADES-MAE) dengan kondisi ekstraksi yang sesuai. Uji hemaglutinasi dilakukan pada hewan coba mencit yang telah diinduksi sel darah merah kambing (SDMK) 1%, yang diukur berdasarkan jumlah titer. Karakterisasi ekstrak dilakukan menggunakan analisis ATR-FTIR dan kemometrik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak Ekstrak Tapak Dara berbasis NADES memiliki aktivitas hemaglutinasi, sehingga berpotensi meningkatkan sistem imun tubuh. Ekstrak NADES tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat obat berbasis bahan alam sebagai preventif ataupun supportif dari inveksi virus SARS-CoV2 dan mengurangi gejala setelah terinfeksi. Selain itu, hasil identifikasi ekstrak berbasis NADES menggunakan ATR-FTIR dan kemometrik menunjukkan spesifisitas masing-masing ekstrak yang dihasilkan berdasarkan berbagai komposisi NADES yang digunakan pada kedua tanaman tersebut

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