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Journal : Jurnal KALAM

Verbal Violence in Sunni-Shia Debate: Al-Munazarāt Baina Fuqahā' al-Sunnah wa Fuqahā' al-Syi'ah Book Study Zamzam, Zamzam; Habib, Habib; Al-Hassy, Moh. Ali Qorror
KALAM Vol 13 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin and Religious Study, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/klm.v13i2.4674

Abstract

Sunni – Shia polemic becomes issues depict the debate in Islamic discourse. Even though it starts from political issue, while in its progress meddling in theology area to justify the truth of each other. In this context, verbal violence often occurs to attack, hurt, insult, or weaken the opponent. This paper will discuss verbal violence in the Sunni – Shia polemic as has been written in al-Munazarat baina Fuqaha' as-Sunnah wa Fuqaha' asy-Syi'ah book. The paper focuses on discussing the form and the factor behind these violences. The study is conducted using qualitative descriptive analysis method. The research result shows that the verbal violence found in the text quite varied, which are verbal violence in the form of satire, accuse or defame, mock, intimidate, curse, and threaten. Factors that cause violence also vary. However, the main factor of verbal violence is when the speaker is carried away by the critical situation of the debate. Other influencing factor is the speaker feels proud of himself or group, disappointed, hatred, and power relation. This article concludes that verbal violence can be found in debate on Islamic religious discourse.       
Al-Ghazali’s Qur’anic Sufi Hermeneutics: Study on the Story of Abraham In Search of God Habib, Habib; Shabir, Muslich
KALAM Vol 15 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin and Religious Study, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/klm.v15i2.9523

Abstract

The existence of hermeneutics in the Islamic world, especially in the interpretation of the Qur’an is quite problematic. Some Muslim scholars consider hermeneutics to be inapplicable in interpreting the Qur'an. moreover, historically hermeneutics has a close relationship with the tradition of biblical understanding. However, al-Ghazali in his book Jawāhir-ul Qur'ān has introduced hermeneutics-based ta'wil. This article aims to discuss the concept of the Qur’anic sufi hermeneutics developed by Imam Al-Ghazali. This study is a library research with deductive method. The research data were analyzed using Edward Husserl's phenomenology investigation to highlight the illumination of al-Ghazali's method to reach the essence of the text. The results of the study found that the discovery of the essence of the text can be achieved by mystical intuition rather than categorical intuition. Al-Ghazali asserts that individuals who seek the spiritual path are endowed with mystical intuitive abilities. Therefore, mystical experiences and spiritual readers help to uncover the hidden layers and meanings of the Qur'an. As indicated in his interpretation of Q.S al-An'am: 76-78 about Abraham's contemplation when seeking the essence of God. According to al-Ghazali, it shows how Ibrahim uses a higher faculty than the cognitive faculties of sensory perception, creativity and reason. His interpretation of Surah al-An'am relies solely on mystical intuition and cannot be understood by anyone who is not inclined towards such an interpretation.