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All Journal Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan PROSIDING SEMINAR KIMIA Jurnal Kimia Mulawarman JURNAL ATOMIK Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Jurnal Abdimas Mahakam Acta Chimica Asiana Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Teguh Wirawan, Teguh
Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Mulawarman
Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Energy Engineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Public Health Social Sciences

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Catalytic Performance of Environmentally Friendly Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate-supported Metals (Ti, Fe, Cu or Ag) for Oxidation Styrene to Benzaldehyde Rahmadani, Agung; Nurhadi, Mukhamad; Wirawan, Teguh; Wirhanuddin, Wirhanuddin; Agusti, Nabila Nur; Lai, Sin Yuan; Nur, Hadi
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 1 Year 2026 (April 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20508

Abstract

This paper presents the synthesis and characterization of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH)-supported Metals (Ti, Fe, Cu or Ag) catalysts and their application in the styrene oxidation to benzaldehyde using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. The study explores the catalyst's structure-activity relationship, emphasizing the importance of mesoporous materials for enhanced catalytic performance. The CSH-Metals catalysts were synthesized using fish bone-derived CSH as a support, which aligns with green chemistry principles. Characterization techniques, such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, and BET surface area analysis, confirmed the successful impregnation of Metals (Ti, Fe, Cu or Ag) and its catalytic performance. The catalysts exhibited styrene conversion and high selectivity for benzaldehyde, achieving up to 49.5% and 60.2% for CSH-Ti; 12.9% and 84.1% for CSH-Fe, 19.9% and 61.5% for CSH-Cu, and 13.4% and 92.8% for CSH-Ag. The research highlights that the best catalyst’s performance are CSH-Ti for styrene conversion and CSH-Ag for benzaldehyde selectivity. To support performance interpretation, a fuzzy logic analysis was applied to evaluate the influence of seven key parameters on catalytic behavior. The results revealed that ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) formation activity, type of metal, and metal–intermediate interaction were the most dominant factors affecting performance. This data-driven insight reinforces the chemical reactivity as the primary determinant of catalyst effectiveness, above physical attributes such as surface area or pore structure. Overall, this study introduces a cost-effective, sustainable, and selective catalyst system for styrene oxidation, demonstrating high potential for industrial application in the production of value-added chemicals with minimal environmental impact. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
ADSORPSI METHYLENE BLUE OLEH ARANG AKTIF KULIT BUAH LAI (Durio kutejensis (Hassk.)Becc.) Aulia, Erfah Sasmita; Wirawan, Teguh; Aziz, Abdul
JURNAL ATOMIK Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia FMIPA UNMUL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/ja.v10i2.1415

Abstract

Research has been carried out on the adsorption of methylene blue dye with activated charcoal adsorbent prepared from the peel of Lai fruit (Durio Kutejensis (Hassk.) Becc.). This research aims to determine the adsorption characteristics of activated charcoal prepared by the carbonization method at 450°C for 1 hour in a furnace and activated by soaking and shaking in a 2 M HCl activator solution for 24 hours. Characterization of the functional groups of compounds in activated charcoal was carried out using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The surface morphology of activated charcoal studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows a large number of pores. The FTIR spectrum of fruit peel activated charcoal reveals the O-H group at wave number 3425.58 cm-1, the C-H group at wave number 2924.09 cm-1, the aromatic C-H group at wave number 1442.75 cm-1, the C-O group at wave number 1319 .31 cm-1. The optimum conditions for adsorption of methylene blue dye were achieved at optimum pH 9, optimum time 60 minutes, optimum temperature 30°C, maximum adsorption capacity 117.965 mg/g by following the Freundlich isotherm and adsorption occurred physically.
ADSORPSI METHYLENE BLUE OLEH ARANG AKTIF BIJI BUAH LAI (DURIO KUTEJENSIS) -, Mulyana; Wirawan, Teguh; Marliana, Eva
JURNAL ATOMIK Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia FMIPA UNMUL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/ja.v10i2.1437

Abstract

The research on the adsorption of methylene blue dye by activated charcoal of lai fruit seeds has been conducted. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum pH and time as well as the maximum adsorption capacity and isotherm type (Langmuir and Freundlich) of activated charcoal of lai fruit seeds in adsorbing methylene blue dye. In this study, activated charcoal was made through a carbonation process at a temperature of 500 oC for 4 hours and was chemically activated by soaking in 2 M HCl for 24 hours. Characterization of activated charcoal was carried out using water content test, ash content, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In lai seed charcoal, the water content value was 8.97% and in lai seed activated charcoal it was 8.27%, the ash content was 0.16% in lai seed charcoal and 0.09% in lai seed activated charcoal. The surface area of lai seed charcoal and lai seed activated charcoal obtained values of 72.201 m²/g and 80.230 m²/g respectively. The results of the FTIR spectra on lai seed activated charcoal showed the presence of C-H (1426.21 cm-1), C=C (1591.65 cm-1), C=O (1690.06 cm-1), O-H (3320.22 cm-1). Based on the results of SEM on lai seed charcoal, the particle surface looks rough and uneven, and has pores and a larger surface area. The adsorption of methylene blue follows the Freundlich isotherm model. The methylene blue adsorption test showed an optimum pH at 8, and an optimum time of 45 minutes with a maximum adsorption capacity of 32.69 mg/g.
Co-Authors Abdul Aziz Agusti, Nabila Nur Ahmad, Atika Aulia Aman Sentosa Panggabean Ananda, Azizah Fithri Arief, M. Syaiful Arisa, Putri Aulia, Erfah Sasmita Degirmenci, Volkan Djihan Ryn Pratiwi, Djihan Ryn Ersanto, Tri Edi Eva Marliana, Eva Fatmawati, Ririn Anggraeni Fradita, Windiy Mira Gaanty Pragas Maniam, Gaanty Pragas Hadi Nur Hairani, Rita Hermawan Hermawan Hiyahara, Irfan Ashari Husna Syaima Juliani, Okti Lai, Sin Yuan Menono, Fera Friskaneke Mukhamad Nurhadi, Mukhamad Mulyana Mulyana Mulyana Mulyana Nanang Tri Widodo Nazarudin Noor Hindryawati, Noor Nurfarizha, Harisma Oliviani, Nadira Rahmadani, Agung Rahmawati, Rahmawati Ramadani, Desi Fidyah Reknosari, Elen Ruga, Ritbey Saibun Sitorus Sam, Risna Fitriani Sari, Riska Alif Kartika Soerja Koesnarpadi Subur P Pasaribu Sujito Sujito Wirhanuddin, Wirhanuddin Yulieta, Afifah Nur Yuniar Ponco Prananto