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All Journal Jurnal Penelitian Arkeologi Papua dan Papua Barat Kalpataru Amerta Berkala Arkeologi
Harry Octavianus Sofian, Harry Octavianus
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Religion Arts Humanities Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Physics Social Sciences

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PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA AIR BERKELANJUTAN DI BALI BAGIAN SELATAN Nastiti, Titi Surti; Geria, I Made; Winaya, Atina; Juliawati, Ni Putu Eka; Sofian, Harry Octavianus; Handini, Retno; Suarbhawa, I Gusti Made; Wibowo, Unggul; Windia, I Wayan; Suyarto
AMERTA Vol. 40 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/amt.2022.18

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Abstrak. Berdasarkan sumber prasasti, diketahui bahwa kearifan lokal masyarakat Bali dalam mengelola sumber daya air setidaknya telah ada sejak abad ke-11. Adapun pertanian dengan sistem subak muncul sejak abad ke-8. Pengelolaan sumber daya air dalam masyarakat Bali berpijak pada pemuliaan air dan alam sekitarnya yang berpedoman pada konsep Tri Hita Karana yang terdiri atas Parhyangan, Pawongan, dan Palemahan. Parhyangan berkenaan dengan kepercayaan pemuliaan air melalui upacara ritual. Pawongan berkenaan dengan warga desa adat yang mengelola sumber daya air sesuai aturan yang disepakati (awig-awig). Kemudian palemahan berkenaan dengan pengelolaan tata ruang yang mempertimbangkan resapan air, pemuliaan vegetasi, pengaturan pola hunian, dan keselarasannya dengan sumber air. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi nilai-nilai kearifan di dalam pengelolaan sumber daya air di Bali beserta status keberlanjutannya. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan, survei, analisis deskriptif, serta analisis keberlanjutan dengan metode Multi-Dimensional Scalling (MDS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa status keberlanjutan pengelolaan air mempunyai nilai relatif tinggi pada dimensi sosial-budaya dan nilai relatif rendah pada dimensi ekonomi-ekologi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan perbaikan melalui strategi kebijakan guna menyelaraskan setiap dimensi pembangunan berkelanjutan agar peradaban pengelolaan air di Bali, khususnya di Bali Selatan, dapat berlangsung optimal. Kata kunci: pengelolaan air, budaya berkelanjutan, Bali Abstract. Sustainable Water Resources Management in South Bali. The ancient Bali inscriptions inform that the Balinese people had developed water management based on their local wisdom since at least the 11th century. The agricultural irrigation system called Subak has existed even further since the 8th century. The water management system in Balinese society accentuates revering and honoring the water and its natural surroundings by applying the Tri Hita Karana concept in everyday life, which consists of Parhyangan, Pawongan, and Palemahan. Parhyangan is related to the belief in revering the water through ritual ceremonies. Pawongan is associated with the traditional village residents who managed water resources following agreed rules (awig-awig). Finally, Palemahan is related to spatial management by considering water conservation areas, vegetation areas, and occupancy areas with its water source’s sustainability. The study aims to identify the local knowledge in water management practices and determine the continuity status of its constancy. The data collection uses literature study, survey, descriptive analysis, and Multi-Dimensional Scaling analysis. The results represent that the sustainability status of water management has a relatively high score in the social-culture dimension. In contrast, it has a relatively low score in the economy and ecology dimensions. Therefore, it needs policy strategies to balance every extent of Bali’s water management so it can be optimized, especially in the South Bali area. Keywords: water management, cultural sustainability, Bali
SITUS LAMBANAPU: DIASPORA AUSTRONESIA DI SUMBA TIMUR Handini, Retno; Simanjuntak, Truman; Sofian, Harry Octavianus; Prasetyo, Bagyo; Artaria, Myrtati Dyah; Wibowo, Unggul Prasetyo; Geria, I Made
AMERTA Vol. 36 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstract. Lambanapu Site: Diaspora Austronesia In East Sumba. The research at Lambanapu Site aims to determine the position of Lambanapu in the distribution and development of Austronesian ancestors and their culture in Sumba. The method used is survey, excavation, analysis, and interpretation. The results of the research are skeletal findings and urn burial also artifacts which are pottery, beads, metal jewelry, and stone tools. From the dating result it is known that Lambanapu Site was inhabited at least 2.000 years ago and from paleantropology analysis, it is estimated that the individuals found from primary and secondary burial in Lambanapu are a mixture of Mongoloid and Australomelanesoid. Genetic mixing is very possible, given the history of the archipelago's occupation which was filled by several waves of great migration in the past. The Lambanapu site has provided an overview of Sumba's ancestral life in the context of the archipelago. The Lamabanapu research results show us, how Lambanapu and Sumba in general rich with historical and cultural values of the past that are very useful for today's life. The wealth of historical and cultural values is not only for local interests, but also to fill the rich history and culture of the archipelago, and even contribute to global history. Keywords: Lambanapu, prehistoric, Austronesian Abstrak. Penelitian di Situs Lambanapu bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi Lambanapu dalam persebaran dan perkembangan leluhur Austronesia dan budayanya di Sumba. Metode yang dilakukan adalah survei, ekskavasi, analisis, dan interpretasi. Hasil penelitian berupa temuan rangka dan kubur tempayan serta artefak berupa gerabah, manik-manik, perhiasan logam, dan alat batu. Dari hasil pertanggalan diketahui bahwa setidaknya Situs Lambanapu telah dihuni 2.000 tahun yang lalu. Hasil analisis paleoantropologi diperkirakan individu yang ditemukan di Lambanapu, baik kubur primer maupun sekunder, merupakan percampuran antara Mongoloid dan Australomelanesoid. Percampuran genetika memang sangat memungkinkan terjadi mengingat sejarah hunian Nusantara yang terisi oleh beberapa gelombang migrasi besar pada masa lampau. Situs Lambanapu telah memberikan gambaran kehidupan leluhur Sumba dalam konteks Nusantara. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan betapa Lambanapu dan Sumba pada umumnya memiliki kekayaan nilai sejarah dan budaya masa lampau yang sangat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan masa kini. Kekayaan nilai sejarah dan budayanya tidak hanya untuk kepentingan lokal, tetapi juga untuk mengisi kekayaan sejarah dan budaya Nusantara, bahkan kontribusi bagi sejarah global. Kata Kunci: Lambanapu, prasejarah, Austronesia
GEOLOGICAL APPROACH IN ORDER TO DISTINGUISH THE PREFERENCE SOURCE OF THE RAW MATERIAL FROM THE MEGALITHIC TOMBS IN EAST SUMBA, INDONESIA Wibowo, Unggul Prasetyo; Handini, Retno; Simanjuntak, Truman; Sofian, Harry Octavianus; Maulana, Sandy
AMERTA Vol. 36 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstract. Pulau Sumba sudah lama dikenal dengan tradisi makam megalitiknya yang dijumpai tersebar hampir di semua area di Sumba. Makam megalitik ini dibangun dari potongan-potongan batuan berukuran besar. Berdasarkan aspek geologi, penelitian ini mencoba untuk mencari tahu  asal batuan bahan pembuat makam megalitik dan apa yang menjadi alasan untuk memilih suatu batuan untuk bahan makam megalitik. Metode yang digunakan meliputi beberapa tahap. Tahap pertama merupakan pendeskripsian sampel di lapangan. Tahap kedua, analisis geologi digunakan untuk memetakan titik-titik observasi dan singkapan batuan di lapangan. Tahap ketiga, variabel hasil pengamatan kemudian dianalisa menggunakan metode Principle Components Analysis (PCA). Empat variabel digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: variabel jarak dari sumber, variabel litologi, variabel tekstur, dan variabel tingkat kekerasan. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa tekstur batuan merupakan pertimbangan utama dalam memilih jenis batuan untuk bahan makam megalitik. Jarak dan tingat kekerasan batuannya juga menjadi alasan penting lainnya dalam mengambil bahan material untuk makam megalitik terlepas apapun jenis batunya. Secara geologi bahan batuan berasal dari batugamping Formasi Kaliangga dan batupasir Formasi Kananggar.  Kata kunci: Makam megalitik, Sumba Timur, Bahan baku, Geologi   Abstract. Sumba is well known for its megalithic tradition, surviving evidence for which can be observed throughout the island in the form of tombs built from enormous stone slabs. The current study is aimed at identifying the sources of the raw material used to manufacture megalithic tombs and factors underlying the choice of raw material based on geological properties. We report the results of our field observations and geological analyses, including mapping of megalithic tomb sites and geological outcrops. Concerning the latter, field-datasets were analysed using a Principle Components Analysis (PCA). Based on a sample of 11 megalithic tombs from several different locations, four variables were employed to distinguish the preferred source of the raw material used in tomb construction: 1) distance from the source; 2) lithology; 3) rock texture; and 4) rock hardness. Analytical results indicate that raw material texture was the key factor in the construction of megalithic tombs, followed by distance from source and hardness of the stone selected for making this structures. Finally, we establish that raw materials used for constructing sampled megalithic tomb sites on Sumba included Kaliangga Formation limestone and Kananggar Formation sandstone. Keywords: Megalithic tombs, East Sumba, Raw material, Geology 
SITUS KAPAL KARAM GELASA DI SELAT GASPAR, PULAU BANGKA, INDONESIA Sofian, Harry Octavianus
AMERTA Vol. 31 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstrak. Wilayah perairan Nusantara merupakan budaya, ekonomi dan politik sejak beratus tahunyang lalu. Perairan Nusantara berfungsi menjadi penghubung interaksi berbagai etnis, pedagang danmenyebarkan pengaruh satu sama lain. Interaksi itu mewariskan tinggalan-tinggalan arkeologi bawahair yang tersebar di perairan Nusantara. Pembahasan ini akan menginformasikan hasil penelitianuntuk melihat tinggalan arkeologi bawah air, yaitu kapal karam di perairan Selat Gaspar. Penelitianini menghasilkan bukti-bukti tinggalan arkeologi bawah air berupa kapal karam yang menggunakanbahan kayu dan tembaga, keramik, botol-botol, tulang, meriam, batu pemberat kapal (ballast) pasak,dan beberapa artefak yang belum dapat diidentifikasi. Kata kunci: Arkeologi Bawah Air, Situs Kapal Karam Gelasa, Selat Gaspar, Bangka. Abstract. Gelasa Shipwreck Site at Gasper, Bangka Island, Indonesia. The territorial waters of thearchipelago is a cultural, economic and political since hundreds of years ago. Archipelago watersserve as an interaction of various ethnic, traders and spread the influence of each other. Interactionpass remains underwater archaeological remains scattered in various waters of the Archipelago. This discussion will inform the research to look underwater archaeological remains of the shipwreck in the waters of the Straits of Gaspar. This study produced evidence of archaeological remains of a ship using wood and copper, ceramics, bottles, bones, cannon, ship ballast, pegs and some artifacts that cannot be identified.Keywords: Underwater Archeology, Gelasa Shipwreck Site, Gaspar Strait, Bangka.
Co-Authors Dhaneswara, Gauri Vidya Fachry Abda El Rahman Handini, Retno Handini, Retno I Gusti Made Suarbhawa, I Gusti Made I Made Geria, I Made I WAYAN WINDIA Karyanantio, Agus Maulana, Sandy Maulana, Sandy Myrtati Dyah Artaria, Myrtati Dyah Ni Putu Eka Juliawati, Ni Putu Eka Nugroho Nur Susanto, Nugroho Nur Prasetyo, Bagyo Prasetyo, Bagyo Simanjuntak, Truman Simanjuntak, Truman Sulistiyo, Restu Budi Sunarningsih, Sunarningsih Suyarto Titi Surti Nastiti, Titi Surti Unggul Prasetyo Wibowo, Unggul Prasetyo Wibowo, Unggul Wibowo, Unggul P Winaya, Atina