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HUBUNGAN KONTROL HBA1C TERHADAP PROFIL LIPID PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DI PUSKESMAS SALAH SATU KECAMATAN, YOGYAKARTA Pramono, Zita Dhirani; Virginia, Dita Maria; Hendra, Phebe
Cendekia Journal of Pharmacy Vol 8, No 3 (2024): Cendekia Journal of Pharmacy
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Kesehatan Cendekia Utama Kudus

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31596/cjp.v8i3.298

Abstract

Diabetes melitus merupakan suatu penyakit kronis yang memiliki tingkat prevalensi tinggi di Indonesia. HbA1c menjadi prediktor pada kontrol glikemik pada pasien diabetes melitus. Nilai HbA1c yang tinggi menyebabkan kondisi peningkatan profil lipid baik trigliserida, LDL (Lipoprotein Kepadatan Rendah) , total kolesterol maupun penurunan kadar HDL (lipoprotein kepadatan tinggi). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan kadar HbA1c terhadap profil lipid pada pasien diabetes melitus di Puskesmas salah satu kecamatan di Sleman, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara cross sectional, dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 36 pasien yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi.  Analisis statistika dilakukan secara univariat dan uji korelasi pearson antar variabel. Penelitian ini menunjukkan 26 pasien (72,2%) berjenis kelamin perempuan yang mengalami diabetes dan hipertensi pada kelompok peserta prolanis. Selain itu, 22 pasien memiliki umur berkisar antara 60-75 tahun, juga diketahui rata-rata pasien memiliki nilai sistolik yang didominasi sebesar 140-159 mmHg (33,3%) dan diastolik sebesar 85 mmHg (44,4%). Adanya 28 pasien (77,8%) memiliki nilai LDL ?100 mg/dL, 20 pasien (55,6%) memiliki nilai  HDL 50 mg/dL, 20 pasien (55,6%) memiliki nilai kolesterol total ?200 mg/dL, dan trigliserida. Kontrol glikemik yang ditunjukkan dengan kadar HbA1c pada subjek penelitian belum terkontrol dengan kadar ?7% sebanyak 23 orang (63,9%).  Hasil uji korelasi antar variabel diketahui bahwa terdapat korelasi kadar HbA1c terhadap profil lipid trigliserida, dengan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,480 (p0,05), dan tidak adanya korelasi antara kadar HbA1c terhadap profil lipid lainnya seperti LDL -0,057 (p0,05); HDL -0,290 (p0,05); Kolesterol Total   0,007 (p0,05). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terhadap hubungan kontrol HbA1c terhadap profil trigliserida pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. 
Genetic CYP2A6 Polymorphism May Worsen Glycohemoglobin Levels: Study among Javanese Indonesian Smokers Patramurti, Christine; Virginia, Dita Maria
Borneo Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Borneo Journal of Pharmacy
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v7i1.5467

Abstract

We have examined the inactive CYP2A6 alleles gene, including CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, and CYP2A6*9, associated with glycohemoglobin levels among Javanese Indonesian smokers. There are 106 smokers participating in this study. Due to the number of cigarettes smoked per day, there are three groups of smokers: light, intermediate, and heavy smokers, with 98.7% being light and intermediated smokers while the rest are heavy smokers. All participants had smoked for more than 10 years, indicating they had been exposed to nicotine for a long time. Based on their genotype, there were four groups of smokers, including fast, intermediate, slow, and poor metabolizers. Most fast and intermediate metabolizers have HbA1c levels in the normal range (<5.7). On the other hand, most slow metabolizers have Hb1c levels >5.7, and all fast metabolizers have HbA1c levels >5.7, indicating that they the prediabetes and diabetes. The chi-square test showed a relationship between CYP2A6 polymorphism and HbA1c levels among the participants (P-value 0.000 <0.005 and χ2=54.6, df=1). The presence of an inactive allele will worsen the HbA1c levels in smokers.
Evaluasi Tingkat Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Tindakan Ibu Pemberdayaan dan Kesejahteraan Keluarga Terkait Penggunaan Antibiotika di Kecamatan Kubu Karangasem Bali: Evaluation of the Level of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Actions of Empowerment and Family Welfare Mothers Related to the Use of Antibiotics in the Kubu Sub-District Karangasem Bali Distya Pratiwi, Luh Anggi; Virginia, Dita Maria; Priyatni, Nunung
Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM) Vol. 10 No. 3 (2024): Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33084/jsm.v10i3.8984

Abstract

Antibiotika merupakan golongan obat yang paling banyak digunakan di dunia terkait dengan banyaknya kejadian infeksi bakteri. Kurangnya pengetahuan tentang penyakit dapat menyebabkan kesalahan pemilihan obat yang digunakan untuk terapi. Salah satu kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat yaitu terkait dengan kerasionalan penggunaan antibiotika. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode seminar terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan ibu pemberdayaan dan kesejahteraan keluarga terkait antibiotika di Kecamatan Kubu Karangasem Bali. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Analytical Quasi Experimental dengan rancangan two group pre-post test. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling melibatkan 84 responden yang dibagi dengan 42 responden pada kelompok kontrol dan 42 responden pada kelompok perlakuan. Data untuk penelitian terkait peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan diperoleh melalui pengisian kuesioner pretest, posttest I, posttest II, dan posttest III. Uji hipotesis pada kelompok perlakuan ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan nilai pretest dengan posttest I, pretest dengan posttest II, pretest dengan posttest III dalam aspek pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan pada semua dimensi yaitu pada kelompok kontrol aspek pengetahuan dengan nilai 0,726 (pre-post I), 0,558 (pre-post II), 0,533 (pre-post III). Aspek sikap 0,463 (pre-post I), 0407 (pre-post II), 0,543 (pre-post III). Aspek tindakan 0,789 (pre-post I), 0,408 (pre-post II), 0,496 (pre-post III). Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu p > 0,05 yang artinya tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna pada kelompok kontrol. Sedangkan pada kelompok perlakuan memperoleh nilai pada aspek pengetahuan dan sikap 0,000 (pre-post I, pre-post II, pre-post III). Aspek tindakan 0,000 (pre-post I), 0,003 (pre-post II), 0,011 (pre-post III). Hasil tersebut memperoleh nilai p < 0,05 yang artinya adanya perbedaan bermakna. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah adanya intervensi dengan metode seminar mengakibatkan adanya peningkatan terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan responden terkait dengan antibiotika.
Smoking as a risk factor for dyslipidemia: study among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on private hospital in Yogyakarta Patramurti, Christine; Virginia, Dita Maria
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol 23 No 2 (2025): JIFI
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v23i2.1720

Abstract

Smoking behavior is known to be a significant factor that has adverse effects on people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Nicotine in cigarettes stimulate adrenoreceptors and promotes lipolysis, leading to the synthesis of free fatty acids, which in turn increase the susceptibility to dyslipidemia and the development of cardiovascular disorders. This study aimed to examine the relationship between smoking status and the occurrence of dyslipidemia in patients with T2DM in a private hospital in Yogyakarta. A total of 107 T2DM patients participated in this cross-sectional observational study. Through live interviews, we collected smoking status conducted using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) questionnaire. The fasting blood samples taken from participants were used to analyze the lipid profiles, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The chi-square test revealed a significant association between smoking status and the risk of dyslipidemia among the participants, with χ²(2) = 13.463, p = 0.001. The findings suggest that smoking increases the risk of dyslipidemia among T2DM patients. These results highlight the importance of smoking cessation as a preventive measure to reduce metabolic complications in individuals with T2DM.
THE EFFECT OF PHARMACIST INTERVENTION THROUGH TELEPHARMACY SERVICES ON COMPLIANCE AND FASTING BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 PATIENTS AT NATALIA FARMA PHARMACY Dharmawan, Nancy Natalia; Virginia, Dita Maria; Priyatni, Nunung
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis Vol 11 No 3 (September-December 2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v11i3.13120

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that cannot be cured; thus, it requires high compliance to control blood sugar levels and prevent complications. Telepharmacy can help improve Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients (T2DM) compliance by providing information and education about the disease, medications, and how to use the medication appropriately. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of compliance and the fasting blood sugar levels of T2DM patients after receiving telepharmacy services by pharmacists at Natalia Farma Pharmacy. This study uses a cohort design with a purposive sampling technique. The research population is the diabetic patients at Natalia Farma Pharmacy in Ende Regency, with a sample size of 60 subjects. In this study, there were two groups observed, namely the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received additional telepharmacy services through WhatsApp for 3 months, including education, drug therapy monitoring, and reminders to take medication. Patient compliance and blood sugar measurement were carried out before and after administering the intervention. The data obtained were then analyzed using SPSS with the t-test. The results showed that telepharmacy affected both patient compliance and fasting blood sugar level, with p-values of 0.002 and 0.009, respectively. Therefore, the existence of telepharmacy intervention can significantly enhance patient compliance and help to control fasting blood sugar levels in T2DM patients at Natalia Farma Ende Pharmacy
Association of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) null genotype polymorphism with the effectiveness of metformin monotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients Ni Luh Made Noviana Dewi; Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih; Dita Maria Virginia
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.17812

Abstract

Genetic variations may contribute to the development of diabetes and influence individual susceptibility to the disease. One of the relevant genes is glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1). Alterations in the expression of GST enzymes can lead to inefficient detoxification processes. Such genetic variations are believed to contribute to interindividual variability in metformin response, potentially affecting therapeutic outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the GSTM1 null genotype on the effectiveness of metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This was an observational study with a case–control design. The case group consisted of T2DM patients who failed to achieve the target HbA1c level. Detection of the GSTM1 null genotype was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The association between GSTM1 genotype and the effectiveness of metformin was analyzed using the Chi-square test. Disease risk associated with the genetic polymorphism was assessed by calculating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). There was no significant association between GSTM1 genotype groups and the effectiveness of metformin monotherapy (OR = 0.487; p = 0.318). In conclusion, the GSTM1 null genotype does not significantly influence the therapeutic effectiveness of metformin monotherapy in patients with T2DM.
Genetic study on the impact of rs320 lipoprotein lipase polymorphism on dyslipidemia among Javanese Indonesians with type 2 diabetes mellitus Christine Patramurti; Dita Maria Virginia
Pharmaciana Vol. 16 No. 1 (2026): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v16i1.31349

Abstract

Dyslipidemia commonly co-occurs with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), acting as a major factor in the elevated incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) within this population. One of the factors that raises the risk of dyslipidemia in people with T2DM is lipoprotein lipase (LPL) polymorphisms, particularly the rs320 variant. Associated with lipid metabolic pathways, the LPL rs320 genetic variant is considered a potential contributor to the dyslipidemia observed in several populations with T2DM. The influence of rs320 on dyslipidemia in individuals with T2DM, particularly among Javanese, remains uncertain. The objective of this study is to examine how the rs320 polymorphism affects dyslipidemic profiles among Javanese Indonesian individuals suffering from T2DM. This study included 103 Javanese individuals with T2DM. We detected the rs320 allele using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-based polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) method. We analyzed the participants' lipid profiles, with enzymatic methods used to measure serum triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), and both high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C). We assessed the association of the rs320 allele with dyslipidemia using chi-square tests. Our findings indicated that the rs320 allele was not significantly associated with dyslipidemia among Javanese individuals diagnosed with T2DM (χ² = 0.016, p = 0.900). This suggests the rs320 allele may not contribute to dyslipidemia, although other factors may play a role in Javanese people with type 2 diabetes. Further investigation is needed to identify genetic determinants of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes and to potentially enhance personalized medicine based on individual genetics.
Pengaruh Status Merokok terhadap Kadar Trigliserida dan Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Christine Patramurti; Dita Maria Virginia
PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia) Jurnal Pharmacy, Vol. 22 No. 01 Juli 2025
Publisher : Pharmacy Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30595/pharmacy.v22i1.19226

Abstract

Kebiasaan merokok telah terbukti sebagai salah satu faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap perubahan profil lipid, baik pada perokok aktif maupun individu di sekitarnya. Senyawa kimia dalam asap rokok, terutama nikotin, dianggap merupakan senyawa yang bertanggung jawab dalam perubahan profil lipid dari perokok, misalnya peningkatan ikadar trigliseridai (TG) dan iLow iDensity Lipoprotein Kolesterol (LDL-K). Peningkatan kadar TG dan LDL-K darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe2 (DMT2) dapat memperburuk kondisi pasien dan meningkatkan faktor kegagalan pengobatan pasien. Dengan demikian,  penelitian ini akan mengevaluasi dampak status merokok terhadap kadar TG dan LDL-K pada  perokok.  Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis, dengani pendekatan studii potong lintang. Sampel darah puasa subjek uji dianalisis kadar TG menggunakan metode Glycerol Peroxidase Phospat Acid (GPO-PAP) serta kadar LDL-K nya menggunakan metode Direct. Penelitian ini melibatkan 106 pasien diabetes melitus DMT2 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi serta sedang menjalani perawatan rawat jalani di sebuah rumah sakit swasta di Yogyakarta. Berdasarkan status merokoknya, maka subjek uji dibagi menjadii tiga kategori, yaitu perokok aktif, perokok pasif, dan non-perokok. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa rata-rata kadar TG dan LDL-K pada tiga kelompok subjek uji berada di atas batas normal. Nilai odds ratio ketiga subjek uji menunjukkan bahwa subjek uji perokok aktif memiliki risiko peningkatan kadar TG dan LDL-K dibandingkan pada subjek uji perokok pasif dan non-perokok, namun peningkatan ini tidak berpengaruh secara bermakna (P-value>0,005).
Peran Apoteker dalam Pengelolaan Penyakit Degeneratif di Dusun Mergan Sendangmulyo, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarya Dita Maria Virginia; Aris Widayati
Abdimas Altruis: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol 1 No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/aa.v1i1.131

Abstract

Findings of the preliminary survey showed a high proportion of geriatric people in Dusun Mergan, Sendangmulyo, Sleman, which leads to high risk of cardiovascular and other degenerative diseases. This community service program aimed to identify the health status of Mergan’s people through health screening and to help them to maintain their health. This program was conducted in collaboration between the Faculty members and students of Pharmacy Faculty of Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta (USD). There were two consecutive periods; the first was in 7th of May and the second was in 22nd of October 2018. Health education, health screening, and health examination were conducted in each period. There were 93 people involved in the first period and 64 people in the second; however, only 32 persons who completely attended the two meeting periods. The program resulted data of 60.7% Mergan’s people with a risk of dyslipidemia, and 59.0% with hyperglycemic. There was no significant difference between the first and the second periods of examination of glucose level, cholesterol, and uric acid. Therefore, it is urgent to educate people in Mergan Village to promote and maintain a healthy lifestyle in order to decrease morbidity of degenerative disease in the community.