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Paper Mill Sludge as a Substitute Material in Paving Blocks for a Sustainable Waste Management Approach Gunawan, Chandra; Fung, Liem Khe; Nul Hakim, Lukman; Wahyudi, Eko; Pramana, Angga; Zalfiatri, Yelmira
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Management (JES-TM) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Management

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jestm.v5i2.269

Abstract

This study evaluates the use of Paper Mill Sludge (PMS) waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in paving block production, focusing on compressive strength and economic feasibility. PMS was incorporated at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the total fine aggregate weight. Compressive strength tests followed the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 03-0691-1996), accompanied by production cost analysis. The results showed that 5% PMS achieved the highest compressive strength of 264.23 kg/cm², about 7.7% higher than the control 258.71 kg/cm², meeting the SNI quality class B (K200) standard. Meanwhile, 10% PMS reduced production costs by 6–8% while still satisfying the minimum requirement for K200 paving blocks (category B). This demonstrates a clear trade-off between mechanical performance and cost efficiency, where 5% PMS ensures maximum strength, while 10% PMS provides adequate strength with economic benefits. At lower levels, PMS fibers improved cement–aggregate bonding and reduced voids, whereas higher dosages (>10%) disrupted hydration and lowered strength. Practically, PMS utilization offers the paving block industry a sustainable and cost-effective alternative that reduces reliance on natural aggregates, supports waste valorization, and aligns with SNI standards for applications such as parking lots.
Zoning Potential Halal Tourism Evidence in Indonesia Pramana, Angga; Sukma R.Ab, Dodi; Zamaya, Yelly; Jayalaksamana, Maghfirah
Journal of Digital Marketing and Halal Industry Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/jdmhi.2022.4.2.12591

Abstract

Halal tourism destinations have grown quite significantly, although there are still various weaknesses. This research aims to map the potential of halal tourist destinations in Pekanbaru. This mapping is expected to be a reference for Pekanbaru City to develop the concept of halal tourism in Pekanbaru. The method in this research is the study of documentation, observation, and interviews. This documentation study is also intended to obtain the concept of mapping halal tourism zoning in the city of Pekanbaru. The results show that tourist attractions in Pekanbaru have very good and friendly facilities for visitors to halal tourism which must be linked to mapping. The potential of halal tourist destinations in Pekanbaru can be grouped into historical destinations, nature, shopping centers, mosques, sports centers and restaurants. Several destinations still need to continue to develop supporting facilities to increase the comfort of visitors to halal destinations while in these destinations. The mapping that has been done has a role as a travel route recommendation that makes it easier to direct halal tourists from arrival to returning to their homes.