Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Assessing the Merger of Online Platform Companies: Does it Lead to Monopoly or just Business Expansion? (Analysis of The Merged Company of GoTo) Sukarmi, Sukarmi; Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin; Tejomurti, Kukuh; Alam, Moch. Zairul
Jurnal Cita Hukum Vol. 9 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jch.v9i3.21667

Two large digital platform companies, Gojek and Tokopedia, officially merged to form a holding company called the GoTo Group that is considered to have anti-competitive behavior and potentially data monopoly. This article aimed to analyze the adequate response to potential violations of the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition Regulation and legal issues related to consumer data monopoly issues. This article uses normative legal research with the conceptual research and statute approach. The result shows that it is necessary to define “relevant markets” and the “substituted products” to determine the existence of unfair business competition in the Gojek-Tokopedia merger. It requires analyzing the consumer behavior in other marketplaces other than Tokopedia; when consumers do not "run" to Gojek, it means they are not in the same market. To prevent privacy protection failures in post-merger data integration, companies need to assess data sharing that may be carried out as part of a risk assessment. Regarding the rights of data subjects, The company needs to provide notification to the data subject regarding the Merger and Acquisition (M & A) given the data subject's right to refuse and guarantee that the M & A process will not violate the right to privacy of the customer's dataKeywords: Competition Law; Digital Platform; Merger Menilai Penggabungan Perusahaan Platform Online: Apakah Mengakibatkan Monopoli atau Hanya Ekspansi Bisnis? (Analisis Penggabungan GoTo)AbstrakDua perusahaan platform digital besar, Gojek dan Tokopedia, resmi bergabung membentuk holding company bernama GoTo Group yang dinilai memiliki perilaku anti persaingan dan berpotensi monopoli data. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis respon yang memadai terhadap potensi pelanggaran Peraturan Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat serta masalah hukum terkait masalah monopoli data konsumen. Artikel ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan penelitian konseptual dan undang-undang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlunya mendefinisikan “pasar relevan” dan “produk substitusi” untuk mengetahui adanya persaingan usaha tidak sehat dalam merger Gojek-Tokopedia. Hal ini membutuhkan analisis perilaku konsumen di pasar lain selain Tokopedia; ketika konsumen tidak “lari” ke Gojek, berarti mereka tidak berada di pasar yang sama. Untuk mencegah kegagalan perlindungan privasi dalam integrasi data pasca-merger, perusahaan perlu menilai pembagian data yang mungkin dilakukan sebagai bagian dari penilaian risiko. Mengenai hak subjek data, Perusahaan perlu memberikan pemberitahuan kepada subjek data mengenai Merger dan Akuisisi (M&A) mengingat hak subjek data untuk menolak dan menjamin bahwa proses M&A tidak akan melanggar hak privasi data pelangganKata Kunci: Hukum Persaingan Usaha; Platform Digital; PenggabunganОценка слияний компаний онлайн-платформ: приведет ли это к монополии или просто к расширению бизнеса? (Анализ слияний GoTo (Gojek и Tokopedia) АннотацияДве крупные компании, занимающиеся цифровыми платформами, Gojek и Tokopedia, официально объединили свои усилия, чтобы сформировать холдинговую компанию GoTo Group, которая, как считается, ведет антиконкурентную политику и может монополизировать данные. Данная статья направлена на анализ адекватного реагирования на возможные нарушения Положения о запрещении монополистической практики и недобросовестной конкуренции, а также на правовые вопросы, связанные с проблемой монополии на данные потребителей. В данной статье используется нормативно-правовое исследование с концептуальным и правовым исследовательским подходом. Результаты исследования указывают на необходимость определить «соответствующие рынки» и «продукты-заменители», чтобы определить наличие недобросовестной деловой конкуренции в слиянии Gojek-Tokopedia. Это требует анализа поведения потребителей на рынках, отличных от Tokopedia; когда потребители не «бегут» в Gojek, это означает, что они не находятся на одинаковом рынке. Чтобы предотвратить сбои в защите конфиденциальности при интеграции данных после слияния, компаниям необходимо оценить возможное совместное использование данных в рамках оценки рисков. Что касается прав субъекта данных, Компания должна уведомить субъект данных о слиянии и поглощении (M&A), учитывая право субъекта данных отказаться и гарантировать, что процесс M&A не нарушит права на конфиденциальность данных клиента.Ключевые слова: Закон о деловой конкуренции; цифровые платформы; слияние

Telaah Pergeseran Paradigma Penetapan Harga melalui Algorithmic Price Fixing Alexandra, Rickra Christy; Tejomurti, Kukuh; Sasmini, Sasmini
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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This study aims, first, to analyze the harmonization of regulatory frameworks between the OECD standard setting concerning algorithmic collusion and the provisions of Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition. Second, this study seeks to formulate legal harmonization measures that can be undertaken to address collusive practices arising from the use of artificial intelligence–based pricing algorithms. This research constitutes normative legal research employing a conceptual approach. The findings indicate that there remains a regulatory disharmony between Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition and the OECD standard setting related to algorithmic collusion. Legal harmonization measures may be carried out through the reform of legal instruments as well as the strengthening of the institutional role of the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha).

Persengkongkolan Perolehan Informasi Kegiatan Usaha dalam Hukum Persaingan Usaha Rafi, Al Misky Muhammad; Tejomurti, Kukuh
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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Fair business competition is an important element in creating an efficient and equitable economic system. In modern business practices, competitive advantage is not only determined by production capacity or innovation but also by control over strategic information related to competitors’ business activities. Problems arise when such information is obtained through collusion with other parties, which may lead to unfair business competition. This study aims to analyze the fulfillment of the elements of collusion in obtaining business activity information and its legal implications under Indonesian competition law. This research uses normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results show that such conduct may be classified as a violation if it fulfills the elements of business actors, collusion, the acquisition of competitors’ business information, and the potential to cause unfair business competition as stipulated in Article 23 of Law Number 5 of 1999.

Analisis Hukum Predatory Pricing pada Penjualan Kendaraan Listrik di Bawah Nilai Jual Kendaraan Bermotor Nur Rifqi, Muhammad Raikhan; Tejomurti, Kukuh
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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The automotive industry plays a strategic role in the national economy and reflects increasingly complex competition, particularly in the Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) market characterized by competitive pricing strategies. One emerging phenomenon is the sale of BEVs at on-the-road (OTR) prices below the Motor Vehicle Sales Value (NJKB), which potentially indicates predatory pricing from a competition law perspective. This study aims to analyze such practices and assess whether they may be classified as predatory pricing under Law Number 5 of 1999, as well as to examine the corresponding preventive legal mechanisms. This research employs a normative legal method using a statutory approach and deductive analysis through legal syllogism based on primary and secondary legal materials. The findings show that BEV sales below NJKB cannot automatically be categorized as predatory pricing, as NJKB represents an administrative fiscal value rather than production cost. Price discrepancies serve only as preliminary indicators requiring further economic analysis. Therefore, NJKB may function as an early warning system in detecting potentially unfair pricing practices.

Analisis Penerapan Definisi Pasar Bersangkutan dalam Hukum Persaingan Usaha atas Penggabungan Digital (Digital Merger) di Indonesia Simanjuntak, Claudia Angelica; Tejomurti, Kukuh
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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The rapid growth of Indonesia’s digital economy has intensified merger activities among digital platform companies. However, the existing competition law framework, particularly the relevant market definition under Law Number 5 of 1999, remains grounded in product and geographic dimensions developed for conventional markets. This study aims to analyze the application of a uniform relevant market definition in assessing digital mergers and to examine its relevance within the development of the digital economy. Using normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study examines the GoTo (Gojek–Tokopedia) merger as an illustrative case. The findings indicate that the application of a uniform definition has not fully reflected digital market power arising from network effects, data control, and ecosystem integration. The study further outlines adjustments through an ecosystem-based conceptual approach that may be implemented through KPPU regulatory instruments, as well as normative refinements including the expansion of Article 1(10), the introduction of qualitative notification criteria, and the incorporation of gatekeeper position as an assessment parameter.

Analisis Penerapan Definisi Pasar Bersangkutan dalam Hukum Persaingan Usaha atas Penggabungan Digital (Digital Merger) di Indonesia Simanjuntak, Claudia Angelica; Tejomurti, Kukuh
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

The rapid growth of Indonesia’s digital economy has intensified merger activities among digital platform companies. However, the existing competition law framework, particularly the relevant market definition under Law Number 5 of 1999, remains grounded in product and geographic dimensions developed for conventional markets. This study aims to analyze the application of a uniform relevant market definition in assessing digital mergers and to examine its relevance within the development of the digital economy. Using normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study examines the GoTo (Gojek–Tokopedia) merger as an illustrative case. The findings indicate that the application of a uniform definition has not fully reflected digital market power arising from network effects, data control, and ecosystem integration. The study further outlines adjustments through an ecosystem-based conceptual approach that may be implemented through KPPU regulatory instruments, as well as normative refinements including the expansion of Article 1(10), the introduction of qualitative notification criteria, and the incorporation of gatekeeper position as an assessment parameter.

RIGHT TO SAFETY AND SECURITY FOR PASSENGERS TRAVELING BY THE PUBLIC ROAD TRANSPORTATION Madalina, Maria; Tejomurti, Kukuh; Budyatmojo, Winarno
Yustisia Vol 6, No 1: April 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v6i1.11510

This article aimed to observe the safety protection of public road transportation and some public areas in Yogyakarta and Surakarta. The Road and urban public transport terminals, station, and transshipment centres were mainly established at the meeting points of different traffic lines. If we compare the terror-threat against infrastructure, building, and vehicles, then we can see that much more terrorist attacks were directed against the vehicles, than against bridges or tunnels. Safety protection on public road transportation and its public areas is one of the efforts to enforce right to life and right to sustain life in line with article 28A of Indonesian Constitution of 1945. This issue is important to be observed because two cities are prone to be attacked by terrorist and sometimes passengers or visitors are not responsive to disasters as long as they are on public road transportation and public areas. This article have two important problem to be observed, first problem is how already passengers or visitors of public road transportation and its public areas understand safety procedures of those areas?; second problem is how policy of safety protection need to be enforced on two public road transportation and public areas in order to protect right to life safely of passengers? The normative and empirical legal research is used to this research by using interviews and field observation. The result of this research concisely state that at this time the bus station and rail station is still not implemented maximum safety and security procedures to passengers and passengers or visitors do not understand about safety procedures and are not responsive to dangerous circumtances surrounded them. Maximum safety protection is important to prevent terrorism crime, narcoticss crime, and prevent any casualties due disasters. Security officers should check the condition of bags and luggage of passengers or visitors in order to prevent any threats there. Safety briefing is also implemented to keep a passengers concer.

PROBLEMATIKA HUKUM DALAM PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PERDATA ATAS TINDAKAN WANPRESTASI PENJUAL DI MARKETPLACE Nadeak, Samuel Hosea; Tejomurti, Kukuh
Jurnal Privat Law Vol 12, No 1 (2024): JANUARI-JUNI
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/privat.v12i1.50436

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui permasalahan permasalahan yang menjadi penghalang dalam menuntut pertanggungjawaban atas tindakan wanprestasi penjual di marketplace. Artikel ini termasuk jenis penelitian hukum normatif dengan sifat preskriptif untuk menghasilkan konsep baru dalam mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder, yaitu data yang diperoleh melalui pengkajian pustaka pustaka yang ada. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum dengan studi pustaka (library research). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transaksi jual beli di marketplace memudahkan para pengguna sebab penjual dan pembeli tidak perlu bertemu secara langsung. Namun, di sisi lain hal ini menimbulkan permasalahan apabila penjual melakukan tindakan wanprestasi, maka dalam mendapatkan pertanggungjawaban pihak pembeli masih kerap menghadapi permasalahan dalam mendapatkan pertanggungjawaban atas tindakan wanprestasi penjual.

PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PENCANTUMAN LOGO OJK PADA FINTECH PEER TO PEER LENDING ILEGAL Saputra, Michael Rizky; Pranoto, ,; Tejomurti, Kukuh
Jurnal Privat Law Vol 10, No 1 (2022): JANUARI-JUNI
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/privat.v10i1.60469

Artikel ini mengkaji dua pokok permasalahan, pertama terkait perlindungan konsumen perusahaan FinTech Peer to Peer Lending ilegal yang melakukan pencantuman logo OJK dalam platformnya. Kedua, Sanksi Pencantuman Logo OJK pada FinTech Peer to Peer Lending Ilegal. Metode Penelitian merupakan penelitian hukum normatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan atau studi dokumen yaitu pengumpulan data dengan cara membaca, mengkaji, dan membuat catatan dari buku-buku, peraturan perundangundangan, dokumen serta tulisan yang berhubungan dengan FinTech peer to peer lending, selanjutnya teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah metode deduktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat pelanggaran Peraturan OJK Nomor 77/POJK.01/2016 tentang Layanan Pinjam Meminjam Uang Berbasis Teknologi Informasi yang dilakukan oleh Perusahaan FinTech Peer to Peer Lending ilegal. Pelanggaran tersebut yaitu pencantuman logo OJK serta pernyataan telah terdaftar dan diawasi oleh OJK pada platformnya. Hal ini OJK wajib memberikan sanksi kepada Perusahaan FinTech Peer to Peer Lending ilegal sehingga tidak terjadi permasalahan serupa dikemudian hari.

PENERAPAN PRINSIP KYC PADA FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY P2P LENDING YANG AKOMODATIF BAGI PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN Khafialima Zahra, Rally Nufi; Tejomurti, Kukuh
Jurnal Privat Law Vol 11, No 2 (2023): JULI - DESEMBER
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/privat.v11i2.49016

AbstractThis article aims to know the legal problem and solution for FinTech P2P Lending Company that is not doing verification or rechecking their Borrowers. This type of article is normative legal research that is prescriptive to find a new concept for resolving the legal problem by using the statute approach. This article uses secondary data with primary legal material and library research. The data analysis technique used by the author is a deduction and syllogism analysis. The result of this research is a Borrower who committing fraud by using other person’s identity or fake account can be found because of personal data leaks dan sells personal data by social media. Moreover, fake account on P2P Lending also caused by FinTech P2P Lending Company who is not using KYC Principles as appropriate in the bank or not rechecking their Borrowers. A solution for FinTech P2P Lending Company who wants to apply KYC Principles in their P2P Lending platform is using e-KYC.Keywords: Fake accounts; e-KYC; P2P LendingAbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui akibat hukum serta solusi bagi Penyelenggara FinTech P2P Lending yang tidak melakukan verifikasi atau pemeriksaan ulang terhadap Penerima Pinjamannya. Artikel ini termasuk ke dalam jenis penelitian normatif yang bersifat preskriptif untuk menemukan konsep baru guna menjawab isu hukum yang dihadapi dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Data yang digunakan dalam artikel ini merupakan data sekunder dengan bahan hukum primer yang menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data hukum kepustakaan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah teknik analisis data yang bersifat deduksi dengan metode silogisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat Penerima Pinajaman yang melakukan penipuan identitas atau munculnya akun palsu yang disebabkan adanya kebocoran data pribadi dan praktik jual-beli data pribadi pada media sosial. Selain itu, munculnya akun palsu pada P2P Lending juga disebabkan karena Penyelenggara FinTech P2P Lending tidak menerapkan prinsip KYC layaknya perbankan atau melakukan pemeriksaan ulang terhadap Penerima Pinjamannya. Solusi bagi Penyelenggara FinTech P2P Lending yang ingin menerapkan prinsip KYC pada platform P2P Lending miliknya adalah dengan menggunakan e-KYC.Kata Kunci: Akun palsu; e-KYC; P2P Lending

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