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All Journal Jurnal Cita Hukum Brawijaya Law Journal : Journal of Legal Studies Jurnal IUS (Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan) Jurnal Daulat Hukum Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum LEGALITY Jambura Law Review Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services JUSTISI Acta Law Journal Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
Kukuh Tejomurti, Kukuh
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Assessing the Merger of Online Platform Companies: Does it Lead to Monopoly or just Business Expansion? (Analysis of The Merged Company of GoTo) Sukarmi, Sukarmi; Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin; Tejomurti, Kukuh; Alam, Moch. Zairul
Jurnal Cita Hukum Vol. 9 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jch.v9i3.21667

Abstract

Two large digital platform companies, Gojek and Tokopedia, officially merged to form a holding company called the GoTo Group that is considered to have anti-competitive behavior and potentially data monopoly. This article aimed to analyze the adequate response to potential violations of the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition Regulation and legal issues related to consumer data monopoly issues. This article uses normative legal research with the conceptual research and statute approach. The result shows that it is necessary to define “relevant markets” and the “substituted products” to determine the existence of unfair business competition in the Gojek-Tokopedia merger. It requires analyzing the consumer behavior in other marketplaces other than Tokopedia; when consumers do not "run" to Gojek, it means they are not in the same market. To prevent privacy protection failures in post-merger data integration, companies need to assess data sharing that may be carried out as part of a risk assessment. Regarding the rights of data subjects, The company needs to provide notification to the data subject regarding the Merger and Acquisition (M & A) given the data subject's right to refuse and guarantee that the M & A process will not violate the right to privacy of the customer's dataKeywords: Competition Law; Digital Platform; Merger Menilai Penggabungan Perusahaan Platform Online: Apakah Mengakibatkan Monopoli atau Hanya Ekspansi Bisnis? (Analisis Penggabungan GoTo)AbstrakDua perusahaan platform digital besar, Gojek dan Tokopedia, resmi bergabung membentuk holding company bernama GoTo Group yang dinilai memiliki perilaku anti persaingan dan berpotensi monopoli data. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis respon yang memadai terhadap potensi pelanggaran Peraturan Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat serta masalah hukum terkait masalah monopoli data konsumen. Artikel ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan penelitian konseptual dan undang-undang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlunya mendefinisikan “pasar relevan” dan “produk substitusi” untuk mengetahui adanya persaingan usaha tidak sehat dalam merger Gojek-Tokopedia. Hal ini membutuhkan analisis perilaku konsumen di pasar lain selain Tokopedia; ketika konsumen tidak “lari” ke Gojek, berarti mereka tidak berada di pasar yang sama. Untuk mencegah kegagalan perlindungan privasi dalam integrasi data pasca-merger, perusahaan perlu menilai pembagian data yang mungkin dilakukan sebagai bagian dari penilaian risiko. Mengenai hak subjek data, Perusahaan perlu memberikan pemberitahuan kepada subjek data mengenai Merger dan Akuisisi (M&A) mengingat hak subjek data untuk menolak dan menjamin bahwa proses M&A tidak akan melanggar hak privasi data pelangganKata Kunci: Hukum Persaingan Usaha; Platform Digital; PenggabunganОценка слияний компаний онлайн-платформ: приведет ли это к монополии или просто к расширению бизнеса? (Анализ слияний GoTo (Gojek и Tokopedia)  АннотацияДве крупные компании, занимающиеся цифровыми платформами, Gojek и Tokopedia, официально объединили свои усилия, чтобы сформировать холдинговую компанию GoTo Group, которая, как считается, ведет антиконкурентную политику и может монополизировать данные. Данная статья направлена на анализ адекватного реагирования на возможные нарушения Положения о запрещении монополистической практики и недобросовестной конкуренции, а также на правовые вопросы, связанные с проблемой монополии на данные потребителей. В данной статье используется нормативно-правовое исследование с концептуальным и правовым исследовательским подходом. Результаты исследования указывают на необходимость определить «соответствующие рынки» и «продукты-заменители», чтобы определить наличие недобросовестной деловой конкуренции в слиянии Gojek-Tokopedia. Это требует анализа поведения потребителей на рынках, отличных от Tokopedia; когда потребители не «бегут» в Gojek, это означает, что они не находятся на одинаковом рынке. Чтобы предотвратить сбои в защите конфиденциальности при интеграции данных после слияния, компаниям необходимо оценить возможное совместное использование данных в рамках оценки рисков. Что касается прав субъекта данных, Компания должна уведомить субъект данных о слиянии и поглощении (M&A), учитывая право субъекта данных отказаться и гарантировать, что процесс M&A не нарушит права на конфиденциальность данных клиента.Ключевые слова: Закон о деловой конкуренции; цифровые платформы; слияние
The Exclusionary Data Conduct in Digital Mergers: An Indonesian Competition Law Perspective Tejomurti, Kukuh; Azzahra, Ashyah
JUSTISI Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): JUSTISI
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33506/js.v12i1.4473

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the regulatory gap in Indonesian competition law regarding the use of user data by platform-based companies after a digital merger, by examining how the current legal framework responds to data-based exclusive practices and assessing its adequacy in regulating the dynamics of digital merger control. The method of this study examines the norms, principles, and legal doctrines contained in legislation, court decisions, legal theory, and scientific writings related to competition law, which are analyzed using current theories of harm. The novelty of this research is the application of the Newer Theory of Harm in analyzing digital mergers and acquisitions, particularly in privacy-based theory, where consumer data protection is an important aspect that needs to be considered in mergers and acquisitions. Consumer data privacy protection can be used as a quality assessment that must be met in the testing process that must be carried out before mergers and acquisitions. The results of the study show that merger regulations in Indonesian competition law are still oriented towards market concentration and price impacts, so they are not yet fully capable of addressing data-based exclusive practices and digital ecosystem dominance post-merger. This study concludes that digital merger supervision in Indonesia needs to be developed by expanding the analysis of big data control and its implications for fair business competition, taking lessons from the experience of the German Competition Authority and the European Union's Digital Markets Act regulations. The conclusion of this study concerns the assessment of mergers and acquisitions in Indonesian Competition Law; learning from the German Competition Authority and the European Union's Digital Markets Act, the government must expand its analysis of how access to big data affects a healthy competition ecosystem.
Telaah Pergeseran Paradigma Penetapan Harga melalui Algorithmic Price Fixing Alexandra, Rickra Christy; Tejomurti, Kukuh; Sasmini, Sasmini
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This study aims, first, to analyze the harmonization of regulatory frameworks between the OECD standard setting concerning algorithmic collusion and the provisions of Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition. Second, this study seeks to formulate legal harmonization measures that can be undertaken to address collusive practices arising from the use of artificial intelligence–based pricing algorithms. This research constitutes normative legal research employing a conceptual approach. The findings indicate that there remains a regulatory disharmony between Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition and the OECD standard setting related to algorithmic collusion. Legal harmonization measures may be carried out through the reform of legal instruments as well as the strengthening of the institutional role of the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha).
Co-Authors Adi Sulistiyono Al amaren, Emad Mohammad Al Mashhour, Omar Farouk Alam, Moch. Zairul Alexandra, Rickra Christy Azzahra, Ashyah Dwi Budi Santoso Halim, Rohizan binti Hamad, Ahmed M A Hanif Nur Widhiyanti, Hanif Nur Hermawan, Sapto Mohd. Anuar, Haslinda binti Pati, Umi Khaerah Pranoto Pranoto Pujiyono Pujiyono Sasmini Sholahuddin Al-Fatih Sukarmi Sukarmi, Sukarmi Umi Handayani Wayan Firdaus Mahmudy Widyantari, Padma