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Contributions and Sources of State Finance Perspective of Imam Abu Hasan Al-Mawardi Jajang Herawan; Yadi Janwari; Ahmad Hasan Ridwan
al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v6i3.716

State financial resources are regulastively regulated in Law Number 17 of 2003, concerning State Finance, namely State Finance is managed in an orderly manner, obedient to laws and regulations, efficient, economical, effective, transparent and responsible with due regard to a sense of justice and propriety. State revenue is the right of the Government which is recognized as an increase in the value of net assets generated from tax revenue, non-tax state revenue and grant revenue. The source of State finances according to Imam Al-Mawardi, asserts that the main source of State finances that must be managed properly and correctly in order to provide optimal results for the welfare of society and as a support for the course of government activities in a country. Imam Al-Mawardi's thinking contributes to the idea that the source of income or state revenue according to Islam is Kharaj, according to the Indonesian Wikipedia Kharaj is an excise tax on land products imposed on non-Muslims, Kharaj is an agricultural land tax, but in this day and age kharaj can also be categorized from the results of Land and Building Taxes. In Al-Mawardi's Financial Governance follows the concept that has been taught by the Prophet Saw. discussed in his book "Al-Ahkam As-sulthaniyyah" is the concept of Baitul Mal which is an institution that has the task of managing all the assets of the people in the form of sources of income and expenditure of state finances. Source of state revenue according to Imam Al-Mawardi is divided into 5, namely: 1) Zakat; 2) Ghanimah; 3) Fay; 4) Kharaj; and 5) Jizyah. The source of expenditure according to Al-Mawardi allocated to fakir, poor, ibnu sabil, fisabililah, mujahidin (soldiers), the whole community (depending on state priorities). Characteristic of Al-Mawardi's thoughts on state finances is that Al-Mawardi explains state finances in detail and systematically. Al-Mawardi allows borrowing state cash from other posts if the state treasury is insufficient for operations. Al-Mawardi explained that the management of state finances and religion is very important because Islamic financial management is an obligation of a state and the right of the people, so that government policies for economic improvement and welfare improvement through fair distribution mechanisms.

The Urgency of Abu Yusuf's Economic Thoughts in the Stretch of Contemporary Sharia Economic Law Mugni Muhit; Yadi Janwari; Ahmad Hasan Ridwan
al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v6i3.717

It is believed that Abu Yusuf is a Muslim scholar, Islamic economic thinker who has made a large and significant contribution to the development of modern Islamic economics. He has introduced the basic principles of Islamic economics as contained in his writings on taxes, tax collection administration, infrastructure improvements and the concept of price that goes beyond the concept of price in theory from Adam Smith in his work The Wealth of Nations. Abu Yusuf also discussed several measures for economic development and community welfare. No less important, the basic paradigm and topic of Abu Yusuf's economic thinking is more tendentious towards the responsibility of the ruler towards his people. This is in line with the rule: تصرف اللأمام على الراعيته منوت بالمصلحة And Kitab al-Kharaj is authentic physical evidence of the existence of Islamic public finance, which existed earlier than today's conventional economic theories.

Comparison of Conventional Economic Theory with Islamic Economic Thought Royani; Yadi Janwari; Ahmad Hasan Ridwan
al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v6i3.720

In this abstract, we will compare conventional economic theory with Islamic economic thought. Conventional economics is based on the principles of liberal capitalism which focuses on economic growth, resource allocation and individual profit. On the other hand, Islamic economic thought is based on Islamic religious teachings and ethical principles that involve justice, sustainability, and social welfare. One of the main differences between traditional (conventional) economic theory and Islamic economic thought lies in the perspective of economic resources. In a traditional economy, resources are treated as belonging to individuals or companies seeking to maximize private profit. On the other hand, Islamic economic thought emphasizes shared ownership and social responsibility in resource management. This research is descriptive-analytic in nature because this research was conducted to find data as accurate and complete as possible about the correlation between conventional theory and Islamic economic thinking.

Microeconomic Theory According to Abu Ubayd And Al-Shaibani Moh. Asep Zakariya Ansori; Yadi Janwari; Ahmad Hasan Ridwan
al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v6i3.731

This study aims to analyze the microeconomic theory according to Abu Ubayd in his book entitled Al-Amwal and Al-Syaibâni in his book entitled Al-Kasb. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with content analysis techniques obtained from both books. Abu Ubayd in Kitab al-Amwal explains various aspects of microeconomics in the management of public finance or commonly called state assets, such as taxation, zakat, law, as well as administrative law and international law. Meanwhile, Al-Syaibâni in Al-Kasb discusses microeconomic studies that revolve around the theory of al-kasb (income) and its sources as well as guidelines for production and consumption behavior. The conclusion of this study is that the thoughts of Abu Ubayd and al-Syaibâni contributed greatly to the development of economics, especially in the sub-field of microeconomics. Further studies can be conducted to compare their views with other modern theories to identify which aspects are still relevant today

Exploring Contemporary Islamic Economic Thought In Indonesia Rani Mariana; Yadi Janwari; Ahmad Hasan Ridwan
al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v6i3.748

This study aims to analyze contemporary Islamic economic thought in Indonesia from the initial phase of the formation of Islamic economics in the time of the Prophet to Indonesia and analyze the thoughts of contemporary Islamic economic figures, such as Adiwarman A. Karim and Syafi'i Antonio. This research uses descriptive qualitative method based on library research. The results of this study indicate that contemporary Islamic economic thought figures in Indonesia belong to one of the three schools of thought of contemporary Islamic economics, such as the Baqir Ash Sadr school, the mainstream school, and the alternative school.

Correlation and Relevance of Islamic Economic Theory and Modern Economics Muhammad Yunus; Yadi Janwari; Ahmad Hasan Ridwan
al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies Vol. 6 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v6i4.755

This study aims to explain the correlation between economics and Islam. This research uses qualitative research, with a normative juridical approach and data collection techniques by means of literature study. The results of this study indicate that Islam is a perfect religion that regulates all aspects of human life including the economy. This is proven by the concept of welfare described in the Qur'an and Sunnah. Basically, the purpose of every human being's life is to achieve welfare, although humans interpret welfare from different perspectives. Most economic understandings assume that welfare is worldly material welfare. However, Islam defines welfare with the term Falah, which means holistic and balanced welfare between the material and spiritual dimensions. The Quran and Sunnah have taught that welfare will be achieved if humans live a life in balance between their material and spiritual lives. This is because human life does not only stop in this world, but there is still a second life that humans will face in the hereafter, and welfare will be achieved truly if humans can balance the needs of the world and the hereafter, and that is what is taught in Islamic economics

The Theory of Money According to Imam Al-Ghazali Chandra; Yadi Janwari; Ahmad Hasan Ridwan
al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies Vol. 6 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v6i4.781

Al-Ghazali in his works of Ihya Ulumuddin, al-Mustashfa Mizan, al-Amal and At-Tibr al-Masbuk fi al-Nasihah al-Mulk. In his works, Al-Ghazali explains many aspects of Islamic economics, especially Al-Ghazali's thoughts on the concept of money. This research aims to find out Imam Abu Hamid al-Ghazali's thoughts on the concept of money. Al-Ghazali's thinking about the concept of money is inspired by the number of economic problems that occur in the barter system or exchange of goods. Al-Ghazali has explained several functions that money has, including as qiwam of al-dunya (unit of calculation), hakim mutawasith (measure of the value of goods), and al-mu'awwidlah (medium of exchange).

Price Mechanisms in Islamic Economics Perspective of Yahya Bin Umar and Ibn Taymiyah Lina Pusvisasari; Yadi Janwari; Ahmad Hasan Ridwan
al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies Vol. 6 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v6i4.822

This study discusses the role of prices in Islamic economics from the perspective of Yahya bin Umar and Ibn Taymiyah. In the view of Yahya bin Umar, the price mechanism in Islamic economics must follow the principles of justice and transparency and avoid speculation that harms the community. Meanwhile, Ibn Taymiyah argues that the price of goods and services should be determined by market demand and supply, assuming that the market runs freely and there is no fraud. Through a qualitative approach using the literature study method, this article discusses the views of Yahya bin Umar and Ibn Taymiyah on the price mechanism in Islamic economics. The results show that both agree that the price mechanism must follow the principles of fairness and transparency. However, there are differences of opinion in terms of how to determine prices, where Yahya bin Umar emphasizes more on the need for government and community supervision of the price mechanism, while Ibn Taymiyah emphasizes more on market freedom.

Analysis of the Production Concept in the Thought of Muhammad Baqir Shadr and Its Relation to Conventional Economics Muhammad Maulana Darsono; Yadi Janwari; Ahmad Hasan Ridwan
International Economic and Finance Review Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC AND FINANCE REVIEW (IEFR)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ekonomi dan Perbankan Islam Mr. Sjafruddin Prawiranegara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56897/iefr.v2i2.31

This research aims to present the model of creation based on Baqir Shadr, as well as Baqir Shadr's critical analysis of the creation style of capitalism. The research is carried out using literature or library research that examines the concept of creation based on Baqir Shadr's thoughts with some literature and literature related to the research topic. The results of the study show that the things that make the concept of creation of capitalism, socialism, and Islam different are caused by the motives of the actors in this case the producer in achieving his goals which are influenced by the economic doctrine he adheres to. To increase the creation of up to there are 2 facilities that can be taken, namely intellectual facilities as a paradigm that is used as a way of life for each producer so that it will shape his ethics and morality in production. Next is the legal facility which is a facility positioned as a provision in the creation which consists of maximizing the use of land into productive land and eliminating the application of usury in creation where the use of interest is included in the instrument. Meanwhile, Baqir Shadr's critical analysis of the concept of capitalism creation is that if the highest profit is the target, it means that the matter makes the position of creation only based on demand which is influenced by purchasing energy. There is also a large purchasing energy that is only owned by a certain group, making the poor have no influence on the economy. Keywords: Initiating, Model, Production, Baqir Shadr

Filosofi Kepemilikan Harta dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam Fadillah Mursid; Yadi Janwari; Jefik Zulfikar Hafizd
TAWAZUN : Journal of Sharia Economic Law Vol 6, No 2 (2023): Tawazun: Journal of Sharia Economic Law
Publisher : Sharia Faculty Islamic Economic Law Study Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21043/tawazun.v6i2.21151

Treasure is something that everyone wants. In this modern era, people's orientation about wealth has shifted from utilization to ownership. Ironically, nowadays everyone makes every effort to acquire wealth to fulfill their desires, without thinking about the rights of others, and the sustainability of natural resources. The focus and purpose of this research are to examine how the philosophy of property ownership in Islam realizes economic welfare and social harmony. This type of research is normative research using a philosophical approach. The philosophical approach is used as an auxiliary science to examine the object of research from a philosophical point of view, in order to obtain the meaning and nature, value and usefulness of the object of study being studied. The findings of this research are that Islam does not prohibit individual ownership, although the essence of property ownership belongs to God. Therefore, in obtaining property must be subject to the rules in Islam, and after owning property must be fair in terms of individual ownership, social ownership, and state ownership. This aims to realize economic welfare and social justice in society.

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