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Journal : Muhammadiyah Medical Journal

Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine (IL-10) Profiles and Ratio of IL-6/IL-10 in Covid-19 Patients Sari, Shinta Dewi Permata; Listiyaningsih, Erlin; Mawanti, Wening Tri; Martalena, Dewi
Muhammadiyah Medical Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2024): Muhammadiyah Medical Journal (MMJ)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine and Health Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/mmj.5.1.1-8

Abstract

Background: The number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia has continually increased since the first cases appeared in March 2020. This disease is due to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in the respiratory system that induces an immune response. The innate and adaptive immune response triggered the secretion of an excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine-caused cytokine storm that became one of the mechanisms of acute respiratory distress (ARDS). The anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-13, and IL-4) were secreted as the immune response in the ARDS condition. Purposes: This study aims to determine the ratio of the IL-6/IL-10 profile as basic information for the therapeutic approach to prevent ARDS. Methods: This cross-sectional study used stored biological material in plasma form from COVID-19 patients in Jakarta Islamic Hospital – Pondok Kopi and Dr. M. Goenawan Partowidigdo Hospital, Cisarua. The plasmas were from severe (n=20) patients and mild to moderate severity (n=25). The negative control sample was collected from 13 healthy subjects. Assessment of IL-10 levels in plasma using ELISA technique. Results: Our analysis showed that IL-10 has no statistical difference between negative control, mild to moderate, and severe categories (p=0.629). Meanwhile, the ratio IL-6/IL-10 presented statistical differences between mild to moderate and severe categories (p=0.011). The average ratio of IL-6/IL-10 in severe categories is two-fold higher than in mild-moderate categories. Conclusion: We conclude that there is a cytokine storm condition in severe COVID-19 patients with an imbalance ratio of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and could be used as basic information for drug development in cytokine storm conditions to prevent ARDS.
Preliminary Study of Cinnamomum burmannii Extracts to Reduce Fasting Blood Glucose Level and Body Weight in Type-2-DM-Induced Rats Claudia, Regita Almira; Sari, Shinta Dewi Permata; Safitri, Yolanda
Muhammadiyah Medical Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2024): Muhammadiyah Medical Journal (MMJ)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine and Health Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/mmj.5.2.107-115

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus prevalence in Indonesia tends to be elevated based on glucose measurement. Antidiabetic oral has some serious side effects for long-term use. Several studies explored various types of Cinnamomum extract's effects on antidiabetic activity and potentially became an alternative therapy in Diabetes mellitus patients. Purposes: This study aimed to determine Cinnamomum burmannii extract’s effect on body weight and fasting blood glucose level in rats induced Type-2 DM. Methods: This study was conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Science, University Muhammadiyah of Prof. DR. Hamka. This study design was a true experimental method by administering Cinnamon extract at 30mg/kg, 60mg/kg, 120mg/kg, and 200mg/kg to animal tests. The statistical analysis used a T-test to compare the different results in parameters before and after the administration of Cinnamon extract. Results: This study shows a difference in blood sugar level and body weight before and after the cinnamon extract group administration. The body weight results presented no significant differences between before and after administering Cinnamon extracts at doses of 30mg/kg, 60mg/kg, 120mg/kg, and 200mg/kg. In contrast, the blood sugar level showed significant differences between before and after administration of Cinnamon extract at group doses (p0.05). Metformin was still more influential in reducing fasting blood sugar than Cinnamomum burmannii extract at 30mg/kg. Conclusion: This study concluded that Cinnamomum burmannii extract with various doses could reduce fasting blood glucose levels and body weight. The highest dose showed a significant difference in fasting blood glucose levels before and after the administration of extracts.
Drug Alternative Approach Through Comparative Study of Antibacterial Effect of Curcumin and Andrographolide Against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Kirani, Elisa Safa; Sari, Shinta Dewi Permata; Kurnia, Achdi; Rahmadi, Agus
Muhammadiyah Medical Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2024): Muhammadiyah Medical Journal (MMJ)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine and Health Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/mmj.5.2.122-129

Abstract

Background: Salmonella typhimurium is a pathogen that causes gastroenteritis with a broad host range. Several studies reported antimicrobial resistance against S. Typhimurium. The inappropriate use of antibiotics exacerbates the issue of drug resistance. Indonesian natural products, curcumin, a polyphenol derived from turmeric, and andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata, have shown antibacterial activity due to their various health benefits. These natural products are potential candidates for alternative therapy in S. Typhimurium infection to evade antibiotic resistance. Purposes: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the antibacterial activity of curcumin and andrographolide against S. Typhimurium. Methods: This study design was true experimental. The curcumin (500 μg/mL, 1000 μg/mL, 5000 μg/mL) and andrographolide (10 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, 1000 μg/mL) were tested for their antibacterial effects against S. Typhimurium using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method. Chloramphenicol was used as a positive control, and DMSO was used as a negative control. Inhibition zone bacteria with curcumin treatment compared to andrographolide treatment to assess the effectiveness of the antibacterial activity. Results: Various concentrations of curcumin and andrographolide inhibit the growth of S. Typhimurium bacteria. The highest average of S. Typhimurium inhibition zone was 9 mm and 9.67 mm, with doses of 500 μg/mL curcumin and 1000 μg/mL andrographolide. The andrographolide inhibition zone is larger than curcumin at 1000 µg/mL. These findings showed the potential of andrographolide as a natural antibacterial agent against S. Typhimurium. However, chloramphenicol inhibition zone is still highest between andrographolide and curcumin group doses. Conclusion: Andrographolide has a more effective antibacterial effect against S. Typhimurium than curcumin at 1000 µg/mL based on inhibition zone diameter results. However, chloramphenicol is still more effective as an antibacterial agent against S. Typhimurium.
Growth Inhibition Effect of Syzygium aromaticum Ethanol Extract on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Kamila, Tsabita Rana; Syahniar, Rike; Indriyani, Indriyani; Sari, Shinta Dewi Permata
Muhammadiyah Medical Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Muhammadiyah Medical Journal (MMJ)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine and Health Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/mmj.6.2.68-79

Abstract

Background: MRSA is the leading cause of death caused by antimicrobial resistance. The distribution of MRSA occurs globally, and the incidence rate is around 30 per 100,000 people per year. Cloves had antimicrobial properties that were tested in both resistant and susceptible clones. Purpose: To determine the growth inhibition effect of clove flower ethanol extract on the growth of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Methods: This research uses an experimental design. Clove extract will be analyzed using gas mass chromatography-spectrometry (GC-MS). MSSA isolate was taken from S.aureus ATCC 25913, and MRSA  was taken from nasal swabs. The concentrations of the ethanol extract of cloves used are 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. All ethanol extract concentrations from cloves will be tested using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. The magnitude of the barrier zone determines the antibacterial properties. Results: The results of the GC-MS analysis showed three main antibacterial compounds, including eugenol, phenol, and caryophyllene. The average inhibitory zones of the antibacterial test at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% clove flower ethanol extract against MSSA were 16 mm, 16.33 mm, 17.67 mm, 18.33 mm, and 18.33 mm, respectively. The results of the average calculation of the inhibition zone in MRSA according to each concentration of clove flower ethanol extract were 11 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, 14.33 mm, and 15.67 mm. Conclusion: Cloves have antibacterial properties, as confirmed by studies showing a zero zone in the MSSA and MRSA antibacterial sensitivity test, with the best concentration being 100% ethanol extract. The study's results show that the antibacterial effect of cloves affects MSSA more than MRSA.