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Artificial Intelligence and Legal Certainty in Determining Ramadan and Syawal for Muslim Religious Observance Sayehu; Usman; Hidayat, Ahmad; Setiadi, Agung Heru
Hikmatuna : Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies Vol 11 No 1 (2025): Hikmatuna: Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies, June 2025
Publisher : UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28918/hikmatuna.v11i1.10428

This study explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in reinforcing legal certainty for Muslims in determining the beginning of Ramadan and Syawal through the optimization of traditional methods—Hisab (astronomical calculations) and Rukyat (moon sighting). Employing a qualitative approach, this research analyzes scholarly literature, case studies, and existing technological models to evaluate how AI can enhance precision, objectivity, and legitimacy in lunar calendar determinations. The findings reveal that AI-based tools, including machine learning algorithms and image recognition systems, not only improve the accuracy of Hisab but also automate Rukyat by processing real-time meteorological and astronomical data. By integrating AI into these methods, the study proposes a hybrid model that supports religious observance with scientifically validated outcomes, ultimately contributing to greater legal certainty and unity among Muslim communities. This research highlights AI's potential to bridge traditional Islamic jurisprudence and technological innovation in support of timely and consistent religious practices.

Artificial Intelligence and Legal Certainty in Determining Ramadan and Syawal for Muslim Religious Observance Sayehu; Usman; Hidayat, Ahmad; Setiadi, Agung Heru
Hikmatuna : Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies Vol 11 No 1 (2025): Hikmatuna: Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies, June 2025
Publisher : UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28918/hikmatuna.v11i1.10428

This study explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in reinforcing legal certainty for Muslims in determining the beginning of Ramadan and Syawal through the optimization of traditional methods—Hisab (astronomical calculations) and Rukyat (moon sighting). Employing a qualitative approach, this research analyzes scholarly literature, case studies, and existing technological models to evaluate how AI can enhance precision, objectivity, and legitimacy in lunar calendar determinations. The findings reveal that AI-based tools, including machine learning algorithms and image recognition systems, not only improve the accuracy of Hisab but also automate Rukyat by processing real-time meteorological and astronomical data. By integrating AI into these methods, the study proposes a hybrid model that supports religious observance with scientifically validated outcomes, ultimately contributing to greater legal certainty and unity among Muslim communities. This research highlights AI's potential to bridge traditional Islamic jurisprudence and technological innovation in support of timely and consistent religious practices.

Contemporary Challenges and Prospects of Mediation in Contested Divorce Cases in Indonesia Yangto; Sayehu; Nafan Tarihoran; Mustafa Ali Almagdub
NUSANTARA: Journal Of Law Studies Vol. 4 No. 01 (2025): Nusantara: Journal of Law Studies
Publisher : Islamic Research Publiser

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17354688

Contested divorce cases in Indonesia have increased significantly over the past decade, revealing deep social and gender tensions within the contemporary Islamic family law system. Although mandatory mediation is regulated under Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) No. 1 of 2016, its implementation remains largely ineffective and inconsistent. This raises critical questions: to what extent does mediation serve as a genuine conflict resolution mechanism rather than a formal procedural requirement? How effective is it in reducing litigation, ensuring justice, and what institutional and socio-cultural barriers limit its success? This study employs a combined meta-analysis and systematic review using PRISMA 2020 guidelines, examining 41 verified scientific articles, empirical reports, and case studies published between 2010 and 2024 from Scopus, PubMed, Mendeley, and ScienceDirect. The main findings indicate: 1) mediation success rates remain below 20%, particularly in cases involving domestic violence, financial disputes, and high emotional conflict; 2) institutional gaps, including undertrained mediators and the absence of standardized practices, contribute to procedural inconsistencies; 3) structural issues, such as gender imbalances and low public trust in non-litigation processes, further weaken the potential of mediation. Comparative analysis with Malaysia, Morocco, and Egypt shows that mediation is more effective when grounded in religious legitimacy, gender equality, and cultural sensitivity. This study contributes to the contemporary Islamic family law literature by providing a fiqh siyasah-based framework for evaluating mediation and offers practical guidance for judges, policymakers, and scholars to develop fair, sustainable, and culturally informed mediation policies in Indonesia.

Kafa’ah in Contemporary Islamic Marriage: Insights from a Systematic and Meta-Analytical Review Fathullah; Sayehu; Nafan Tarihoran
NUSANTARA: Journal Of Law Studies Vol. 4 No. 01 (2025): Nusantara: Journal of Law Studies
Publisher : Islamic Research Publiser

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17355035

The concept of kafa’ah (marital compatibility) in Islamic marriage law has long served as a normative framework to ensure harmony between spouses based on factors such as lineage, wealth, profession, and religious commitment. However, contemporary societies face new realities—such as inter-ethnic marriages, higher levels of education, and socioeconomic diversity—that challenge traditional interpretations of kafa’ah. This study explores how the concept of kafa’ah is interpreted, debated, and applied within contemporary Islamic legal scholarship and systems across Muslim-majority communities. The primary objective is to systematically review the existing literature to identify dominant themes, research gaps, and developments in the application of kafa’ah in contemporary contexts. Using meta-analysis and the PRISMA framework, the researchers selected and analyzed 42 peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2024 from databases including Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. The findings indicate that most studies on kafa’ah still adopt a normative-theological approach with limited empirical engagement, with the concept most frequently discussed in relation to social status, wealth, piety, and religious affiliation. However, an increasing number of studies reflect a shift in understanding kafa’ah toward mutual respect, shared values, and socioeconomic compatibility rather than rigid class or lineage standards. These findings underscore the necessity of a contemporary, contextual, and reform-oriented approach to kafa’ah, particularly within legal systems and religious fatwas that aim to strike a balance between tradition and social justice, as well as the realities of modern society.

Rukhsah KONSEP RUKHSAH RELEVANSINYA DENGAN IDDAH WAFAT WANITA KARIER DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM: Rukhsah, Iddah dan Wanita Karier Nanang Saprudin; Sayehu; Musthofa, Usman
JAS : Jurnal Ahwal Syakhshiyyah Vol 6 No 1 (2024): Jurnal Ilmiah Ahwal Syakhshiyyah (JAS)
Publisher : Fakultas Agama Islam UNISMA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33474/jas.v6i1.21695

Islam bukanlah agama diskriminatif karenanya sangat menghargai hak-hak perempuan akibat perceraian. Seorang istri yang telah kehilangan suaminya mereka diminta untuk menjalani masa iddah. Dilarang bagi seorang wanita untuk meninggalkan rumah atau menikah lagi selama ia masih dalam masa iddah setelah bercerai dari suaminya. Dengan pengecualian keadaan darurat atau keadaan yang mendesak, hukum negara juga berlaku untuk wanita karier yang telah berpisah atau bercerai dari suaminya. Oleh karena itu maka dalam penlitian bertujuan membahas tentang: Rukhsah bagi wanita karier yang sedang iddah wafat, dan Pandangan hukum Islam terhadap iddah wafat. Penulisan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu jenis penelitian hukum normatif, yang mengintegrasikan pendapat ahli hukum dengan buku, jurnal, naskah, dan metode hukum Islam. Metode penelitian perpustakaan (library research) akan digunakan sebagai metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini. Sumber bahan hukum primer dan sekunder yaitu bahan pustaka yang diperoleh dari undang-undang dan buku atau jurnal yang relevan dengan penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan: Bahwa qdari qsudut qpandang qagama qdan qkebajikan qterhadap qperempuan qsudah qwajar qdiberlakukannya qundang-undang. qNamun, qlarangan qtertentu qterhadap qperempuan qyang qterlibat qdalam qperilaku qiddah qdapat qmenemukan qbeberapa qalasan quntuk qmenjadikannya qundang-undang qyang qberlaku quntuk qsemua qwaktu qdan qsituasi. Kemudian Pandangan hukum Islam terhadap iddah wafat, telah jelas Kompilasi Hukum Islam dan Undang-undang Perkawinan menyatakan bahwa pada dasarnya wanita yang baru saja ditinggal mati oleh suaminya wajib 70 menjalani masa iddah dan ihdad selama 4 bulan 10 hari dengan mematuhi larangannya, tetapi saat ini terdapat perbedaan yaitu tuntutan yang harus dipenuhi yaitu bekerja dikarenakan berada di dalam keadaan darurat, seperti tidak ada yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan diri dan keluarganya. Kata Kunci: Rukhsah, Iddah dan Wanita Karier

Perkawinan PERKAWINAN WANITA HAMIL AKIBAT ZINA: ANALISIS STATUS ANAK MENURUT HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM POSITIF (STUDI KASUS DI PALAS, BENDUNGAN, CILEGON): Perkawinan, Hamil Akibat Zina, dan Status Anak Ahmad Sayidi, Ahmad Sayidi; Sayehu; Musthofa, Usman
JAS : Jurnal Ahwal Syakhshiyyah Vol 6 No 1 (2024): Jurnal Ilmiah Ahwal Syakhshiyyah (JAS)
Publisher : Fakultas Agama Islam UNISMA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33474/jas.v6i1.22082

The marriage of pregnant women due to adultery is a very worrying problem, especially the problem in the Palas neighborhood, Bendungan Village, Cilegon District, Cilegon City. This research problem is important because it impacts the rights and legal protection of the individuals involved. Therefore, this research aims to discuss: the community's views on this case, the legal consequences for children born from this marriage, and the obstacles faced by women pregnant as a result of adultery in accessing legal rights and protection in the Palas environment. The research method used is qualitative, with a case study approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and observations of the community in the Palas area. Data analysis was carried out thematically to identify patterns of views, legal impacts and obstacles faced. Based on the research results, it can be concluded: The views of the Palas Environmental community reflect the complexity of values, norms and beliefs that shape their perspective on the marriage of women who become pregnant as a result of adultery. The diversity in views suggests that a holistic approach and taking into account local cultural and social context is needed to understand the complex dynamics involved in this issue. The legal consequences of children born from marriage resulting from adultery are related to guardianship and inheritance according to Islamic Law and Positive Law, reflecting the complexity and duality in the legal position of children. The need for cooperation between the Islamic legal system and civil law to accommodate children's rights fairly and fairly is important in ensuring optimal protection of the rights of children born from this situation. Then, women who become pregnant as a result of adultery in the Palas area face a number of various obstacles and barriers in accessing legal rights and protection. Efforts to overcome this obstacle require a holistic approach involving the community, government and relevant institutions so that women's rights can be guaranteed and fair legal protection can be accessed optimally.

Child Marriage Dispensation in Islamic Law: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review Samsuri; Sayehu; Nafan Torihoran
Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Vol. 2 No. 01 (2025): Jurnal Hukum Keluarga
Publisher : PT. Ratu Bilqis Azzahira bekerjasama dengan Fakultas Syariah Universitas Islam Zainul Hasan Probolinggo

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Child marriage continues to pose a legal and ethical dilemma in many Muslim-majority societies, including Indonesia, where legal reforms have raised the minimum marriage age but left room for exceptions through court dispensations. This study aims to critically examine the practice of child marriage dispensation in the context of Islamic law by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis using the PRISMA 2020 framework. Eighteen peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2024 were analyzed from scholarly databases including Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Mendeley. The findings reveal that the majority of dispensations are granted due to premarital pregnancy and social pressure, often with limited consideration of the child's psychological readiness or long-term welfare. Although religious courts cite Islamic law to justify these decisions, a deeper examination suggests that many rulings prioritize cultural norms over Islamic legal ethics. Through the lens of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, the study finds that such practices often conflict with the higher objectives of Islamic law, particularly the protection of life, dignity, and justice. The review concludes that judicial practices surrounding child marriage dispensations require urgent reform through a combination of legal restrictions, religious reinterpretation, and community education to better safeguard children's rights.

Interfaith Marriage in Islamic Law: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review Mas Agus Priyambodo; Sayehu; Nafan Tarihoran
Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Vol. 2 No. 01 (2025): Jurnal Hukum Keluarga
Publisher : PT. Ratu Bilqis Azzahira bekerjasama dengan Fakultas Syariah Universitas Islam Zainul Hasan Probolinggo

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This meta-analysis and systematic review explore the issue of interfaith marriage within Islamic law, analyzing both traditional and contemporary perspectives. While classical Islamic jurisprudence generally prohibits Muslim women from marrying non-Muslim men, modern scholarship increasingly challenges these restrictive interpretations, advocating for a more inclusive approach based on the ethical principles of Sharia. The review examines the role of gender in shaping these legal norms, highlighting the disproportionate impact on Muslim women, and explores regional variations in the application of Islamic marriage laws. It further discusses the influence of legal pluralism and fatwas in shaping public policy and social acceptance of interfaith unions. The study also identifies significant gaps in empirical research regarding the lived experiences of interfaith couples, suggesting that future studies should focus on understanding how these couples navigate legal, social, and religious challenges. The findings recommend that both legal reform and scholarly reinterpretation are essential to accommodate the realities of interfaith marriages while respecting Islamic values and promoting human rights. By offering a more flexible and justice-oriented approach, Islamic law can better address the needs of interfaith families in contemporary multicultural societies.

Child Adoption and Custody in Islamic Law: A Meta-Analysis And Systematic Review Amum Mahbub Ali; Sayehu; Nafan Tarihoran
Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Vol. 2 No. 01 (2025): Jurnal Hukum Keluarga
Publisher : PT. Ratu Bilqis Azzahira bekerjasama dengan Fakultas Syariah Universitas Islam Zainul Hasan Probolinggo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Child adoption remains a complex and sensitive issue within Islamic legal discourse, particularly due to its tension with Western legal frameworks that often permit full adoptive rights, including name changes and inheritance. This study addresses the central problem: how can Islamic law reconcile child protection needs with religious norms that prohibit altering a child’s lineage (nasab)? The research aims to investigate how the concept of kafalah in Islamic jurisprudence serves as an alternative to formal adoption and how Muslim-majority countries navigate the duality between sharia and civil legal systems. Employing a meta-analysis and systematic review approach based on PRISMA guidelines, this study synthesizes 42 peer-reviewed articles from the past decade sourced from Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Wiley. Inclusion criteria focused on works discussing Islamic legal perspectives, national law, and practical implementations of adoption or child custody. The results reveal five dominant themes: the incompatibility of Western-style adoption with classical Islamic fiqh, kafalah as a legal-religious framework, the roles of guardianship (wali), financial support (nafaqah), and inheritance, the legal challenges posed by dual legal systems, and the emerging hybrid models in countries such as Morocco and Indonesia. The findings suggest that while Islamic law strictly preserves genealogical integrity, there is room for innovation through kafalah-based mechanisms that ensure child welfare. This study contributes to both scholarly debate and legal reform by offering an evidence-based understanding of how Islamic norms and child rights can be harmonized in contemporary legal systems.

Dinamika Penerapan Kaidah Al-‘Adah Al-Muhakkamah dalam Konteks Budaya Modern Atul Asyuro, Farohah; Sayehu
Arus Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora Vol 5 No 2: Agustus (2025)
Publisher : Arden Jaya Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57250/ajsh.v5i2.1375

Kaidah al-‘adah al-muhakkamah adalah prinsip dalam hukum Islam yang menyatakan bahwa kebiasaan masyarakat dapat menjadi dasar hukum selama tidak bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam. Dalam budaya modern, kaidah ini memainkan peran penting dalam menyesuaikan hukum Islam dengan perkembangan sosial, teknologi, dan ekonomi. Perubahan zaman telah membawa berbagai kebiasaan baru yang menuntut fleksibilitas dalam penerapan hukum Islam, sehingga kaidah al-‘adah al-muhakkamah menjadi alat penting dalam menjaga relevansi hukum Islam di era kontemporer. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana prinsip ini diterapkan dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan, termasuk ekonomi, sosialdan hukum, dengan mempertimbangkan keseimbangan antara adat yang berkembang dan norma-norma Islam. Dengan metode kajian pustaka dan analisis deskriptif, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana masyarakat muslim memanfaatkan kaidah ini untuk menjembatani tradisi dan modernitas. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa prinsip ini memungkinkan hukum Islam untuk beradaptasi tanpa kehilangan nilai-nilai utamanya. Kesimpulannyaal-‘adah al-muhakkamah adalah kaidah yang fleksibel dan relevan dalam menghadapi tantangan budaya modern, sehingga dapat menjadi solusi bagi masyarakat Muslim dalam menjalani kehidupan sehari-hari tanpa mengabaikan ajaran agama.

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