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The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Armed Conflict under International Law Siregar, Naek; Aini, Desy Churul; Rehulina, Rehulina; Subandi, Agit Yogi; Mirza, Isroni Muhammad Miraj
Hasanuddin Law Review VOLUME 10 ISSUE 2, AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/halrev.v10i2.5267

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a technological achievement that simulates human intelligence through machines or computer programs. The integration of AI in military operations aims to minimize combatant casualties and enhance effectiveness in warfare. Despite the advantages and significance of this research, concerns arise regarding the ideal implementation of AI in armed conflicts due to potential security challenges. A significant issue lies in the legal perspective governing AI as a comprehensive defense tool. This paper employs a juridical normative research method based on a statutory approach to provide a descriptive analysis and examine the regulatory framework surrounding AI in armed conflict. The results indicate that the absence of comprehensive regulations complicates the accountability framework, making liability determination intricate, particularly when AI malfunctions due to substandard quality or improper use. In such cases, accountability may extend to both the creator and the user. The concept of liability for violations in armed conflict is explored according to international law, highlighting the implications and associated responsibilities of using AI within legal principles. This paper concludes that AI regulation must be crafted to ensure usage aligns with established procedures within the framework of international law.

LEGALITAS CYBER ESPIONAGE DALAM HUKUM DIPLOMATIK (STUDI KASUS PENYADAPAN KEDUTAAN BESAR AUSTRALIA DI INDONESIA PADA 2013): The Legality Of Cyber Espionage In Diolomatic Law (Case Study Of Australian Embassy Tapping InIndonesia in 2013) Mirza, Isroni Muhammad Miraj; Sujadmiko, Bayu; Shofura, Ainur Yasmin
Res Nullius Law Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Volume 6 No 2 Juli 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Komputer Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34010/rnlj.v6i2.11678

Hukum diplomatik merupakan bagian dari hukum internasional yang meliputi hubungan antar negara sebagai subyek hukum internasional. Dalam hal itu, diplomat yang ditempatkan di setiap negara tuan rumah dilengkapi dengan kekebalan diplomatik yang memungkinkan mereka untuk menghindari penangkapan atau penaklukan di bawah peraturan nasional negara tuan rumah. Selain itu, melalui kekebalan diplomatik ini, terdapat fakta yang tak terbantahkan bahwa beberapa diplomat terkadang melakukan kejahatan yang melanggar kekebalan diplomatik yang telah melekat pada mereka. Salah satu kejahatan yang paling umum adalah spionase sebagai bagian dari operasi intelijen. Spionase dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknologi yang dikenal dengan Spionase Siber (Cyber Espionage). Fenomena terkini adalah kasus spionase yang dilakukan Kedutaan Besar Australia di Indonesia terhadap pejabat tinggi Indonesia pada tahun 2013. Dengan demikian itu menghancurkan kepercayaan dan kerja sama antara kedua negara. Pendekatan hukum doktrinal dan komparatif akan digunakan. Salah satu rekomendasi yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya mengevaluasi kembali prosedur yang ada dalam melakukan spionase berdasarkan hukum internasional dan legalitasnya.

Empowering ASEAN Regional Integration Through European Union Model Under International Law (South China Sea Case Study) Mirza, Isroni Muhammad Miraj; Subandi, Agit Yogi; Pratama, Andre Arya
Indonesian Perspective Vol 9, No 2 (2024): (Juli-Desember 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ip.v9i2.65262

Regional integration in ASEAN has been a delicate and ongoing issue over the years. Such goal is hard to achieved due to the ASEAN Way, including its “Non-Intervention Principle” which consequently has transformed ASEAN into a governmental driven regional institution, instead of supranational organization. The case of South China Sea is one prime example of how incompetent ASEAN is in dealing with regional security threat inflicting its member states. This conflict poses an even larger threat if it is not tackled seriously. This paper uses Juridical normative method by looking at international legal instruments in analyzing ASEAN’s empowerment for regional integration to tackle regional security matters. By looking at EU Model as a source of reference. This paper shows ASEAN-EU relations has grown significantly and many believe ASEAN has the capacity to transform like the EU in the future. There are a number of international legal instruments which under serious amendment, can transform ASEAN towards that goal, particularly in helping to deal with the never ending South China Sea conflict.

Empowering ASEAN Regional Integration Through European Union Model Under International Law (South China Sea Case Study) Mirza, Isroni Muhammad Miraj; Subandi, Agit Yogi; Pratama, Andre Arya
Indonesian Perspective Vol 9, No 2 (2024): (Juli-Desember 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ip.v9i2.65262

Regional integration in ASEAN has been a delicate and ongoing issue over the years. Such goal is hard to achieved due to the ASEAN Way, including its “Non-Intervention Principle” which consequently has transformed ASEAN into a governmental driven regional institution, instead of supranational organization. The case of South China Sea is one prime example of how incompetent ASEAN is in dealing with regional security threat inflicting its member states. This conflict poses an even larger threat if it is not tackled seriously. This paper uses Juridical normative method by looking at international legal instruments in analyzing ASEAN’s empowerment for regional integration to tackle regional security matters. By looking at EU Model as a source of reference. This paper shows ASEAN-EU relations has grown significantly and many believe ASEAN has the capacity to transform like the EU in the future. There are a number of international legal instruments which under serious amendment, can transform ASEAN towards that goal, particularly in helping to deal with the never ending South China Sea conflict.

Strategi Internalisasi Asas Restorative Justice dalam Sistem Peradilan Indonesia Mirza, Isroni Muhammad Miraj; Zen, Adrian Permana
Pancasila: Jurnal Keindonesiaan Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): VOLUME 2 ISSUE 2, OCTOBER 2022
Publisher : Badan Pembinaan Ideologi Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52738/pjk.v2i2.45

Asas keadilan merupakan suatu asas yang tidak akan pernah habis untuk ditelaah. Salah satu prinsip keadilan yang ada di masyarakat, khususnya dunia hukum, ialah restorative justice. Asas restorative justice sudah sejak lama berada di tengah-tengah masyarakat Indonesia. Namun dilihat dari implementasinya, asas tersebut belum bisa diterapkan secara efektif dalam memberikan keadilan yang maksimal bagi para pencari keadilan. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan peranan dan strategi yang komprehensif dalam menginternalisasikan asas restorative justice baik secara normatif maupun praktik di masyarakat oleh berbagai elemen masyarakat dan pemerintah. Lembaga pemerintah yang memang berfungsi untuk membantu tercapainya hal itu ialah Badan Pembinaan Ideologi Pancasila (BPIP). Dalam hal ini, BPIP perlu menjadi Lembaga terdepan dalam membantu merumuskan dan menginternalisasikan asas tersebut melalui berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada sesuai nilai Pancasila sehingga masyarakat bisa merasakan dampak dari praktik restorative justice ini. Tulisan ini dibuat dalam rangka menganalisa kerangka kerja, strategi, maupun peranan yang bisa dilakukan BPIP dalam membantu mempercepat terwujudnya pelaksanaan restorative justice secara sistematik dan terintegrasi di seluruh ranah kebijakan peraturan perundang-undangan

Transformasi Sosial Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia Internasional Melalui Mahkamah Konstitusi Indonesia Mirza, Isroni Muhammad Miraj; Natamiharja, Rudi; Serna, Jalil Alejandro Magaldi
Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law Vol 4 No 3 (2023): Oktober
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/up.v4i3.25721

The importance of human rights in international law cannot be overstated. International Law plays a fundamental role in safeguarding and promoting human rights, which are safeguarded through a variety of legal instruments, including international conventions and international declarations, both of which are recognized as instruments of international law. The fundamental principles of Human Rights are recognized in the legal system of Indonesia. These fundamental principles are expressed in the Constitution and its related legal documents through the provisions and values that govern human rights. Thus, the preamble of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia includes the fundamental principles of Self-determination, Independence, Security, Social Welfare, and Education. This research will look at how the Indonesian Constitution regulates and guarantees the implementation of international human rights law through the Indonesian Constitutional Court, as well as how these rights are integrated into society from both the government's and society's perspective. This research is done through interdisciplinary approach, combining legal, social, and comparative studies. Ultimately, it's about how Indonesia's Consitutional Court can help make human rights practices better and more effective. As the highest judicial organ of a state, it is essential for the Constitutional Court to effectively and effectively implement the international human rights system as we know it in order to safeguard the interests of all stakeholders, especially in Indonesia. Keywords: human right ; constitution; International law;

ICJ’s Advisory Opinions: Legal Basis and Implication on Indonesia Subandi, Agit Yogi; Mirza, Isroni Muhammad Miraj; Asnawi, Sona
Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law Vol 6 No 1 (2025): Februari
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/up.v6i1.39359

This paper explores the legal basis and implications of Advisory Opinions rendered by the International Court of Justice with special emphasis on their relevance to Indonesia. Using a normative-analytical approach and international legal theory, this study examines the role of the International Court of Justice in issuing Advisory Opinions and their impact on states behavior and institutional actions. The paper found that while the advisory opinions were not binding, they effectively provide clarification on complex legal issues, including human rights issues, environmental law, and territorial disputes. Advisory Opinions assist Indonesia in overcoming maritime disputes within the framework of ASEAN, such as the case of the North Natuna Sea, and in implementing international agreements such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) at the national level. Therefore, Advisory Opinions provide legal certainty, establish international legal norms, and facilitate cooperation between countries. This paper recommends that Indonesia use the Advisory Opinions to strengthen its legal arguments in addressing international disputes to which Indonesia is a party, increasing Indonesia's confidence in its role in diplomacy at the regional level, and in addressing transnational challenges such as environmental protection and regional security.

The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Armed Conflict under International Law Siregar, Naek; Aini, Desy Churul; Rehulina, Rehulina; Subandi, Agit Yogi; Mirza, Isroni Muhammad Miraj
Hasanuddin Law Review VOLUME 10 ISSUE 2, AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/halrev.v10i2.5267

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a technological achievement that simulates human intelligence through machines or computer programs. The integration of AI in military operations aims to minimize combatant casualties and enhance effectiveness in warfare. Despite the advantages and significance of this research, concerns arise regarding the ideal implementation of AI in armed conflicts due to potential security challenges. A significant issue lies in the legal perspective governing AI as a comprehensive defense tool. This paper employs a juridical normative research method based on a statutory approach to provide a descriptive analysis and examine the regulatory framework surrounding AI in armed conflict. The results indicate that the absence of comprehensive regulations complicates the accountability framework, making liability determination intricate, particularly when AI malfunctions due to substandard quality or improper use. In such cases, accountability may extend to both the creator and the user. The concept of liability for violations in armed conflict is explored according to international law, highlighting the implications and associated responsibilities of using AI within legal principles. This paper concludes that AI regulation must be crafted to ensure usage aligns with established procedures within the framework of international law.

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