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All Journal Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia
Gendis Purno Yudanti
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Public Health Threat: Detection of Undeclared Dexamethasone and Paracetamol in Jamu Marketed in Kudus, Indonesia Luthfiana Nurulin Nafi’ah; Kadar Ismah; Yanulia Handayani; Gendis Purno Yudanti; Sukarno; Annis Rahmawaty; Alvina Beti Maulia
Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/nasetjournal.v5i1.61

Abstract

Jamu, Indonesia's traditional herbal medicine, holds significant cultural and medicinal value. However, the adulteration of jamu with undeclared synthetic drugs like dexamethasone and paracetamol poses a severe public health risk. This study aimed to qualitatively identify these drugs in jamu products circulating in Kudus City, Indonesia. Ten jamu samples, representing various brands and forms (powder, capsules), were purchased from local depots in Kudus. Samples were selected based on their indication for pain relief or anti-inflammatory properties, lack of BPOM (Indonesia's Food and Drug Authority) registration, or discrepancies between the registration number on the packaging and the BPOM database. Organoleptic analysis (odor, taste, color, form) was performed, followed by microscopic analysis to identify natural ingredients using their characteristic fragments. Finally, infrared spectroscopy was employed to detect the presence of dexamethasone and paracetamol. Nine out of ten samples displayed BPOM registration numbers that were not verifiable in the official BPOM database, while one sample lacked any registration number. Organoleptic analysis revealed that six samples exhibited distinct herbal odors, often associated with bitter-tasting jamu. Microscopic analysis confirmed the presence of 1-4 natural ingredients in each sample. Notably, infrared spectroscopy identified paracetamol in one sample. In conclusion, the study revealed a concerning trend of unregistered jamu products and adulteration with undeclared paracetamol in Kudus City. This highlights the need for stricter regulatory measures, enhanced surveillance, and public awareness campaigns to ensure the safety and efficacy of jamu.
The Potential UV-B Filter of Gel Preparation Containing Ethanol Extract of Bidara Arab Leaf (Ziziphus spina-christi) Cultivated in Indonesia Mardhiyani, Dini; Aswatul Ulya; Eni Yanti Wulan Desri; Gendis Purno Yudanti; Muslim Suardi; Vonny Kurnia Utama; Kony Putriani; Isna Wardaniati
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 22, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v22i1.7487

Abstract

Bidara arab leaf (Ziziphus spina-christi) contains flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, and lipids that may act synergistically as natural UV filters. Flavonoids are highlighted for their ability to absorb UVA and UVB light, while other compounds may enhance photoprotection. Previous studies reported that its ethanol extract contains 1.53% flavonoids and exhibits strong antioxidant activity (LC₅₀ = 90.96 ppm). To formulate gel preparations containing Bidara Arab leaf ethanol extract and evaluate their physicochemical properties, sun protection factor (SPF), and photoprotective efficacy against UV-B–induced erythema. The extract was incorporated into gel at concentrations of 2.5% (F1), 5% (F2), and 10% (F3). Physicochemical tests included organoleptic assessment, pH, viscosity, and spreadability. In vitro SPF was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. In vivo testing involved UV-B–irradiated mice, and erythema was scored to assess protection. All gels met standard parameters (pH 5.34–6.51; viscosity 10.352–15.459 cP; spreadability 5.2–5.8 cm). SPF values were 19.26 (F1), 20.22 (F2), and 20.50 (F3), indicating medium UV-B protection. Erythema scores in all extract-treated groups were 0, with erythema areas of 0.50 mm², 0.38 mm², and 0.19 mm², respectively—significantly lower than in the blank gel (3.96 mm²) and untreated control (7.51 mm²) (p<0.01). Bidara arab leaf extract gel (2.5–10%) shows medium SPF protection and effectively prevents UV-B–induced erythema in mice. These findings support its potential as a natural sunscreen agent.
Antioxidant Activity of Leucaena leucocephala Lmk.de Wit. N-Hexane Fraction Islamiyati, Ricka; Yanulia Handayani; Kadar Ismah; Gendis Purno Yudanti; Heni Setyoningsih; Sri Fitrianingsih
Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v3i1.286

Abstract

Antioxidants are chemical compounds that can neutralize free radical agents. These compounds work by donating electrons to achieve a stable form, thereby inhibiting the oxidative mechanisms that cause degenerative disease. Lamtoro seeds contain many active compounds that can be used as a source of natural antioxidants and antibacterials. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant effect of the n-hexane fraction of lamtoro seeds (Leucaena leucocephala Lmk. de Wit.). This study is an in vitro experimental study. The object of study was the n-hexane fraction of lamtoro seeds, where antioxidant activity was examined using the DPPH method. Analysis was performed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The n-hexane fraction contained a total flavonoid content of 9.224% and had antioxidant activity with an lC50 value of 67.94 ppm. In conclusion, the n-hexane fraction of lamtoro seeds (Leucaena leucocephala Lmk.de Wit.) has strong antioxidant activity.
Potential for Incompatibility, Instability, and Prescription Drug Interactions in Pulveres Prescription Pediatric Patients at RSI (Islamic Hospital) Sultan Hadlirin, Jepara, Indonesia Setyoningsih, Heni; Gendis Purno Yudanti; Rakhmi Hidayati; Sri Fitriyaningsih
Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Vol. 3 No. 6 (2023): Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v3i6.407

Abstract

In Indonesia, there are still many doctors who prescribe compounded medicines for pediatrics, including pulveres. Compounding is an alternative for pediatrics who cannot swallow tablets, but compounding medicines is a concern because it can cause incompatibility and instability during storage and cause side effects. drug interactions. This study aimed to determine the potential for incompatibility, instability, and drug interactions on pediatric patient prescription sheets. This research is descriptive observational, and data collection is carried outretrospective, data taken from prescription sheets for pediatric patients at RSI Sultan Hadlirin Jepara. The total sample in this study was 247 prescriptions that met the inclusion criteria. The results of the study showed that the age classification of patients 0-5 years who received pulveres prescriptions was 175 (71.8%), while for those aged 6-11 years, it was 72 (29.1%). %). Based on the number of medications, 197 (80.1%) patients received 4-6 medications, while 50 (20.3%) pediatric patients received 2-3 medications. There is no potential for 0% incompatibility. There is the potential for instability in the pediatric prescription sheets. As many as 62 (25.1%) of the active drug substance preparations that experience instability include CTM, paracetamol, and vitamin B complex. There were 126 (51.0%) potential drug interactions based on the pharmacodynamic mechanism of action and 126 (51.0%) based on moderate severity in the salbutamol tablet preparation with pseudoephedrine. It can be concluded that on the prescription sheet, there is no potential for 0% incompatibility, there is a potential for instability of 62 (25.1%), and there is moderate interaction, and pharmacodynamic mechanisms were 126 (51.0%).
Co-Authors Alvina Beti Maulia Annis Rahmawaty Aswatul Ulya Eni Yanti Wulan Desri Heni Setyoningsih Islamiyati, Ricka Isna Wardaniati Kadar Ismah Kony Putriani Luthfiana Nurulin Nafi’ah Mardhiyani, Dini Muslim Suardi Rakhmi Hidayati Setyoningsih, Heni Sri Fitrianingsih Sri Fitriyaningsih Sukarno vonny kurnia utama Yanulia Handayani