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All Journal Jurnal Teknik Mesin Science and Technology Indonesia International Journal of Community Service International Journal of Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Materials
Ginting, Dianta
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Evaluating Vegetable Oils as Eco-Friendly Alternatives in Metal Heat Treatment : Review sukendar, Sukendar; Alva, Sagir; Ginting, Dianta
Jurnal Teknik Mesin (Journal Of Mechanical Engineering) Vol 15, No 01 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/jtm.v15i01.37136

Abstract

Recent research on sustainable heat-treatment processes highlights the strong potential of vegetable oils as environmentally benign quenching media. This review integrates thermo-physical characteristics, cooling behavior, and mechanical performance reported in key studies from 2010–2024. Vegetable oils demonstrate higher quenching severity (H-value 0.17–0.21) than mineral oils (0.11–0.14), supported by stable viscosity ranges (20.78–110.35 cSt at 40°C; 6.9–33.65 cSt at 100°C) and superior thermal conductivity (0.131–0.182 W/m°C) relative to SAE40 (0.145 W/m°C). Their mechanical performance is consistently favorable: palm kernel oil yields hardness up to 40.85 HRC, cottonseed oil ~33.25 HRC, and groundnut oil produces ~173.8 HV with yield strength reaching 805 MPa. Neem seed oil exhibits exceptional hardness (68.7 HRA) and tensile strength (2122 MPa), while marula oil significantly enhances the hardness and tensile strength of medium-carbon steels. Soybean, sunflower, and canola oils applied to AISI 1045 steel deliver hardness levels of 41–50 HRC. Impact toughness also improves, with neem oil reaching 15 J and additive-modified quenchants containing 5% metal salts achieving up to 131 J. Antioxidant-fortified oils (Irganox L109, TBHQ, Propyl Gallate) further improve oxidation resistance without impairing cooling performance. Overall, properly stabilized vegetable oils represent robust, efficient, and environmentally responsible quenching alternatives for the heat treatment of low- and medium-carbon steels.
Co-Authors Adnan, Farrah Anis Fazliatul Adnan, Farrah Anis Fazliatun Ayu Arwati, I G. Baehaqi Chollacoop, Nuwong Dafit Feriyanto Deni Shidqi Khaerudini Dwi Nanto, Dwi Fadhilla, Eky Nur Fitri , Muhammad Gerald Ensang Timuda Ginting, Canda Lesmana Hadi Pranoto Hariandi, Yusuf Hasanudin, Abdul Ikwal, Ahmad Indradewa, Rhian Lase, Asaeli Tongoni Mashadi Monica, Zelvia Nanang Ruhyat Nono Darsono, Nono Noviyanto, Alvian Nurato , Nurato Nurlela, Ai Pradipta, Nanang K Pudjiwati, Sri Rhee, Jong Soo Rhye, Jong-Soo Sagir Alva Salafuddin, Hafidz Sanusi, Yasa Sukendar Sukendar Tarigan , Kontan Tarigan, Kontan Tony Kristiantoro, Tony Toto Sudiro Witanta, Maulana