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KEPASTIAN HUKUM TERHADAP KEPEMILIKAN HAK MILIK ATAS TANAH YANG DIAKUI SEBAGAI ASET PERSEROAN TERBATAS BERDASARKAN PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI DIBAWAH TANGAN Riswanto; Dedy Ardian Prasetyo; Amelia Nur Widyanti
SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Vol. 1 No. 11 (2024): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, November 2024
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/0tmh9w15

Berdasarkan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan, Hak Milik atas tanah hanya dapat dimiliki Warga Negara Indonesia atau badan hukum yang ditunjuk oleh pemerintah. Namun pada kenyataannya sering ditemukan keadaan dimana Hak Milik atas tanah diakui sebagai aset Perseroan Terbatas yang tidak ditindaklanjuti dengan perbuatan hukum jual beli dihadapan PPAT dan balik nama sertipikat. Dalam kondisi ini yang dijadikan sebagai bukti bahwa Perseroan Terbatas sebagai pemilik tanah adalah perjanjian jual beli dibawah tangan. Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam tesis ini adalah Pertama, Bagaimana pelaksanaan pendaftaran tanah terkait kepemilikan tanah oleh Perseroan Terbatas berdasarkan perjanjian jual beli dibawah tangan? Kedua, Bagaimana kepastian hukum terhadap kepemilikan hak milik atas tanah yang diakui sebagai aset Perseroan Terbatas berdasarkan perjanjian jual beli dibawah tangan? Teori yang digunakan dalam menganalisa permasalahan tersebut adalah teori pendaftaran tanah dan teori kepastian hukum. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif yaitu penelitian hukum kepustakaan atau data sekunder dengan sumber bahan-bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Adapun pendekatan penelitian yang dipergunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, pendekatan analitis, dan pendekatan kasus dan teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum dilakukan dengan cara mengidentifikasi dan menginventarisasi aturan hukum positif, literatur buku, jurnal dan sumber hukum lainnya. Untuk teknik analisa bahan hukum dilakukan dengan penafsiran hukum gramatikal dan sistematis sedangkan metode konstruksi hukum dengan analogi dan penghalusan hukum. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa untuk melaksanakan pendafaran tanah terkait kepemilikan tanah Perseroan Terbatas maka direktur Perseroan bertindak atas nama Perseroan selaku pembeli dengan para pengurus dan pemegang saham selaku penjual harus terlebih dahulu membuat akta dihadapan PPAT di wilayah lokasi tanah tersebut Oleh karena itu Perseroan Terbatas harus terlebih dahulu harus membuat akta dihadapan PPAT di wilayah lokasi tanah tersebut dengan terlebih dahulu memenuhi syarat materiil peralihan hak atas tanah dengan merubah hak milik atas tanah tersebut menjadi hak atas tanah yang dapat dimiliki oleh Perseroan Terbatas yaitu Hak Guna Bangunan, Hak Pakai atau Hak Guna Usaha. Kepemilikan Hak Milik Atas Tanah Yang Diakui Sebagai Aset Perseroan Terbatas Berdasarkan Perjanjian Jual Beli dibawah Tangan menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dalam menentukan pihak mana yang merupakan pemilik sah suatu hak atas tanah karena secara formal tidak ada dokumen kepemilikan yang dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar dan alat bukti dalam menentukan pemilik yang sah karena kepemilikan hak atas tanah secara formal hanya dapat dibuktikan dengan surat tanda bukti hak atas tanah yaitu sertipikat atas nama pemegang hak.

TANGGUNG JAWAB NOTARIS TERKAIT MINUTA AKTA YANG HILANG DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG JABATAN NOTARIS Wiwin Nurwianti; Rielly Lontoh; Amelia Nur Widyanti
Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Vol. 4 No. 10: Maret 2025
Publisher : Bajang Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53625/jirk.v4i10.9858

The position of the minutes of the deed is very important so that the notary must be careful in storing it so that it is not damaged, lost and/or scattered. Negligence in storing the minutes of the deed results in the injured parties being able to sue the Notary for administrative, civil or criminal liability. The problems studied in this thesis are First, the legal consequences related to the lost minutes of the deed Second, the legal responsibility of the notary related to the lost minutes of the deed. The theories used to analyze these problems are the theory of legal consequences by R. Soeroso and the theory of responsibility by Hans Kelsen.The method used in this research is normative juridical research, namely library legal research or secondary data with primary, secondary and tertiary legal sources. The research approach used is a statutory approach, conceptual approach, analytical approach, and case approach and the technique of collecting legal materials is carried out by identifying and inventorying positive legal rules, book literature, journals and other legal sources. For legal material analysis techniques carried out by grammatical and systematic legal interpretation while legal construction methods by analogy and legal refinement.From the results of the research, it can be concluded that the legal consequences for Notaries who are negligent in keeping the minutes of the deeds they make have juridical implications can be sued by the parties to compensate for losses, if the parties are harmed by the Notary concerned. The responsibility carried out by the notary due to damage or loss that occurs to the minutes of the deed that is lost or damaged due to the fault or negligence of the notary himself, the notary concerned will be held accountable in the form of making a report to the police for loss and damage, sending a report to the Minister of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia regarding the condition of loss or damage and then waiting for follow-up settlement and if possible, the Notary can request an application from the Panel of Judges at the District Court to obtain approval for making a new copy of the deed.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PARA PIHAK DALAM PERKARA PEMALSUAN DATA UNTUK PEMBUATAN AKTA OTENTIK OLEH NOTARIS DAN KARYAWANNYA Wira Wanza Wonggo; Amelia Nur Widyanti; Wayan Karya
Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Vol. 4 No. 10: Maret 2025
Publisher : Bajang Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53625/jirk.v4i10.9902

Jabatan Notaris sangat rawan untuk terkena jeratan hukum. Bukan hanya karena faktor internal yang berasal dari dalam diri Notaris, tapi juga faktor eksternal seperti moral masyarakat dimana Notaris dihadapkan dengan dokumen palsu, padahal dokumen tersebut mengandung konsekuensi hukum bagi pemiliknya. Penelitian ini mengkaji dan menganalisis tentang seperti apa tanggung jawab hukum notaris dan karyawan dalam kasus pemalsuan data untuk pembuatan akta otentik serta perlindungan hukum para pihak dalam kasus pemalsuan data untuk pembuatan akta otentik oleh notaris dan karyawan. Contoh kasus yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini adalah Putusan Pengadilan Nomor 996/Pid.B/2020/PN.Plg, Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1209 K/Pid/2022, dan Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 41 PK/Pid/2021. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif yang bertumpu pada bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan kesimpulan sebagai berikut. Pertama, tanggung jawab notaris yang melanggar hukum meliputi tanggung jawab administratif, perdata, dan kode etik, serta dapat berujung pada tanggung jawab pidana jika terkait pemalsuan akta otentik. Jika pelanggaran melibatkan karyawan, keduanya bisa dikenakan hukuman pidana, kecuali jika karyawan terbukti tidak terlibat atau tidak memiliki niat jahat (mens rea).

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN NOTARIS TERHADAP PEMBUATAN AKTA BERITA ACARA RAPAT UMUM PEMEGANG SAHAM YANG TIDAK MEMENUHI KUORUM KEHADIRAN Hamasah Ramadhani Hadid; Anriz Nazaruddin Halim; Amelia Nur Widyanti
Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Vol. 4 No. 11: April 2025
Publisher : Bajang Institute

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This study aims to analyze the notary's responsibility for making a deed of minutes of the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) that does not meet the attendance quorum. This research uses a juridical-normative research method with a statute approach, analysis approach, and case approach. The data is analyzed qualitatively by reviewing applicable legal regulations and related court decisions. This research uses 2 (two) theories, namely the theory of Legal Effects according to Soeroso and the theory of Responsibility according to Hans Kelsen. The legal problems discussed in this thesis are how the legal consequences of the deed of Minutes of the General Meeting of Shareholders that does not meet the attendance quorum made by the Notary and how the notary's responsibility for making the deed of Minutes of the General Meeting of Shareholders that does not meet the attendance quorum.The results showed that the making of a deed of GMS minutes without fulfilling the attendance quorum can lead to legal uncertainty and potentially harm shareholders. In addition, notaries as public officials making deeds have an obligation to ensure that every deed made is in accordance with applicable legal provisions, as stipulated in the Notary Position Law. Therefore, a deeper understanding is needed for notaries in carrying out their duties, as well as increased supervision and legal counseling to ensure legal certainty and protection for shareholders and avoid potential disputes in the future. The difference with previous studies is that this study specifically discusses the notary's responsibility for making the deed of minutes of the GMS that does not meet the attendance quorum, while other studies discuss the role of notaries in the GMS.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PENYEWA OBJEK HAK TANGGUNGAN YANG DILELANG DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG HAK TANGGUNGAN Yuliana, Yuliana; Amelia Nur Widyanti; Yuliana Setiadi
Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Vol. 5 No. 2: Juli 2025
Publisher : Bajang Institute

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Problems that often arise related to objects that are used as collateral for mortgage rights are being burdened with other rights, which means that there is a third party who owns or controls the rights to the object that is used as collateral, and based on this, the third party also has the right to submit or a settlement or legal action against him. The problems studied in this thesis are First, how is the legal strength of a lease agreement over an object encumbered with a mortgage assessed under the Mortgage Law? Second, how is legal protection afforded to the lessee of mortgage property subject to auction as a result of the enforcement of a mortgage right under the provision of the Indonesian Mortgage Law? The theories used in analyzing these problems are the theory of agreement and the theory of legal protection. The method used in this study with the type of normative legal research, namely library legal research or secondary data with primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials sources. The research approach used is the legislative approach, conceptual approach, analytical approach, and case approach and the legal material collection technique is carried out by identifying and inventorying positive legal rules, book literature, journals and other legal sources. For the legal material analysis technique, it is carried out with grammatical and systematic legal interpretation while the legal construction method is with analogy and legal refinement. Base on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the legal strength of a lease agreement over an object of mortgage is relatively weak, as the mortgage holder holds a preferred right in accordance with the provisions of the Indonesian Mortgage Law, unless the lease agreement has been formally registered with the land office. Legal protection for lessees of mortgaged property subject to foreclosure is not expressly accommodated by the Mortgage Law. However, lessees may seek legal remedies against the lessor through a civil lawsuit, in which the creditor may also be included as a co-defendant.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PEMBELI TERHADAP PERALIHAN HAK ATAS TANAH AKIBAT JUAL BELI YANG DILAKUKAN DI BAWAH TANGAN Ulfah, T Sy Alfina; Wira Franciska; Amelia Nur Widyanti
Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Vol. 5 No. 5 (2025): Oktober 2025
Publisher : Bajang Institute

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This research discusses legal issues arising from the practice of unregistered land rights transactions. This practice is often conducted to avoid administrative fees, expedite the transaction process, or due to a lack of knowledge of applicable legal procedures. Unregistered transactions do not meet formal legal requirements and thus have the potential to cause problems, such as when the seller or their heirs deny the existence of the transaction, or when the land becomes the subject of a dispute in court. This causes good faith purchasers to face difficulty in defending their rights because the evidence they possess lacks probative value. The theories used in this research are the Theory of Legal Consequences by Soeroso and the Theory of Legal Protection by Satjipto Rahardjo. The research method used is normative legal research, which is conducted by examining library materials or secondary data. The approaches used in this study include the statute approach to examine all relevant laws and regulations, the case approach to build legal arguments based on concrete cases, the analytical approach, and the conceptual approach. The legal materials used consist of primary legal materials that are authoritative and binding, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Based on an analysis of court decisions, it was found that the Indonesian justice system seeks to provide legal protection to good faith purchasers in unregistered land transactions. Although the transaction was not made before a competent official, the court can declare the sale and purchase valid and establish the buyer as the legal owner. This indicates that ownership of land rights does not only depend on the PPAT deed, but also on strong evidence of the agreement, full payment, and legal physical possession.

Kepastian Hukum Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Antara PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero) Dan Pelanggan Yang Mengandung Klausula Baku Eksonerasi Ditinjau Dari Prespektif Hukum Perjanjian Alviana Rizky; Iran Sahril; Amelia Nur Widyanti
J-CEKI : Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah Vol. 4 No. 6: Oktober 2025
Publisher : CV. ULIL ALBAB CORP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56799/jceki.v4i6.11344

Perjanjian baku seringkali ditemukan dan salah satunya adalah Perjanjian Jual Beli Tenaga Listrik antara PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero) (PLN) dan Pelanggan. Namun pertanggungjawaban PLN ketika timbul suatu permasalahan terdapat ketidakonsistenan antara Hukum Ketenagalistrikan dan Hukum Perlindungan konsumen di Indonesia. Rumusan dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Bagaimana akibat hukum pelaksanaan perjanjian antara PLN dan pelanggan yang mengandung klausula baku eksonerasi; (2) Bagaimana kepastian hukum pelaksanaan perjanjian antara PLN dan pelanggan yang mengandung klausula baku eksonerasi ditinjau dari prespektif hukum perjanjian. Adapun Teori yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Teori Kepastian Hukum oleh Jan M. Otto dan Teori Perjanjian oleh R. Subekti. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif yaitu penenelitian hukum kepustakaan atau data sekunder dengan sumber bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Adapun pendekatan penelitian yang dipergunakan Pendekatan Perundang-undangan, Pendekatan Konseptual, Pendekatan Kasus dan teknik studi kepustakaan dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan bahan-bahan hukum. Namun untuk teknis analisa bahan hukum dilakukan dengan penafsiran gramatikal dan penafsiran sistematis. Untuk teknik analisa bahan hukum dilakukan dengan penafisaran gramatikal, penafsiran sistematis, dan metode konstruksi analogi. Berdasarkan penelitian, perjanjian antara PLN dan pelanggan yang mengandung klausula eksonerasi menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum karena bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen (UUPK) dan Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata. Meskipun begitu, perjanjian ini masih diizinkan karena adanya ketidakselarasan antara UUPK dan peraturan menteri di bawahnya. Oleh karena itu, disarankan agar perjanjian jual beli tenaga listrik ditinjau ulang sesuai aturan yang berlaku dan pemerintah menyelaraskan regulasi untuk menjamin perlindungan dan keadilan bagi konsumen.

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Ahli Waris sebagai Penjual dalam Jual Beli Hak atas Tanah Terkait Tanah Warisan yang Salah Satu Ahli Waris Dihilangkan Haknya Aria Senoaji; Felicitas Sri Marniati; Amelia Nur Widyanti
J-CEKI : Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah Vol. 4 No. 6: Oktober 2025
Publisher : CV. ULIL ALBAB CORP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56799/jceki.v4i6.11598

Pewarisan merupakan peristiwa hukum yang menyebabkan beralihnya hak atas tanah kepada ahli waris, sehingga mereka berwenang melakukan tindakan hukum, termasuk jual beli. Penelitian ini membahas dua rumusan masalah: (1) prosedur jual beli hak atas tanah terkait objek warisan; dan (2) perlindungan hukum bagi ahli waris yang kehilangan haknya sebagai penjual. Penelitian menggunakan teori Perlindungan Hukum Sajipto Raharjo serta teori Le Mort Saisit Le Vit R. Subekti, dengan metode yuridis normatif berbasis kajian kepustakaan. Pendekatan yang digunakan meliputi perundang-undangan, kasus, analitis, dan konseptual, dengan teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum melalui inventarisasi aturan, literatur, jurnal, serta sumber hukum lain. Analisis dilakukan dengan penafsiran gramatikal, sistematis, dan konstruksi hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hak waris timbul secara otomatis sejak pewaris meninggal sesuai asas Le Mort Saisit Le Vif dan diatur dalam KUH Perdata. Dalam praktiknya, sering terjadi pelanggaran prosedural saat akta jual beli tanah dibuat tanpa persetujuan seluruh ahli waris, bertentangan dengan Pasal 833 KUH Perdata dan Pasal 37 PP No. 24 Tahun 1997. Kondisi ini menimbulkan cacat hukum yang dapat dibatalkan pengadilan sebagaimana ditegaskan putusan Mahkamah Agung. Perlindungan hukum bagi ahli waris yang dirugikan dapat ditempuh melalui gugatan perdata, pembatalan akta, atau mekanisme di BPN. Namun, praktiknya masih formal sehingga diperlukan penguatan peran notaris dan PPAT serta penerapan hukum progresif demi menjamin keadilan substantif bagi ahli waris.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM KEDUDUKAN ANAK PEREMPUAN DALAM HUKUM WARIS ADAT SENTANI DI KABUPATEN JAYAPURA Kaigere, Sarah Rode Marthina; Tofik Yanuar Chandra; Amelia Nur Widyanti
Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Vol. 5 No. 7 (2025): Desember 2025
Publisher : Bajang Institute

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According to Sentani customary inheritance law, only male descendants are entitled to inherit the estate of their deceased father. In cases where the father held the position of a traditional leader (Ondoafi or Ondoaho), the right of succession is reserved exclusively for the eldest son. This customary practice has prompted women to challenge the prevailing legal-cultural norms, which they perceive as discriminatory in terms of the roles, rights, and authorities granted to men over women. These women seek equal inheritance rights within the framework of a patrilineal kinship system. This study employs Philipus M. Hadjon’s Theory of Legal Protection and Soepomo’s Theory of Inheritance Law as its theoretical framework. This study employs a normative juridical approach, supported by empirical data, to analyze the position of women in the distribution of inheritance under Sentani customary law, as well as the legal protection afforded to women within the Sentani customary inheritance law system. The data were analyzed using a qualitative juridical analysis method. The research findings indicate that the inheritance system within the Sentani indigenous community adheres to a patrilineal structure, whereby only male descendants are entitled to inherit from their father. In cases where the father serves as a traditional leader (Ondoafi), only the eldest son is designated to succeed his position. Conversely, daughters are not regarded as heirs, but may receive specific possessions—such as kitchen utensils or 'relaar'—during the father's lifetime, particularly if they originate from an Ondofolo family. However, in line with societal developments and the direction of national legal policy, there has been a growing impetus to promote equality in inheritance law. This principle is reflected in the Provisional People’s Consultative Assembly Decree (Tap MPRS) No. II of 1960, reinforced by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Decision No. 179/Sip/1961 as a binding jurisprudence, and further affirmed by Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, which establishes equal rights and status for men and women within the family and society.

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