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Rekonstruksi Penetapan Anak Biologis dari Hasil Perkawinan Tidak Sah Dalam Putusan Pengadilan Agama Muhammad Idris Nasution; Mhd. Syahnan; Fauziah Lubis
Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM Vol. 31 No. 3: SEPTEMBER 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/iustum.vol31.iss3.art9

Abstract

The legal norm contained within Article 42 of the Marriage Law rigidly stipulates that the legal validity of a child depends on the legality of the marriage of their biological parents. The provisions of this norm have raised legal problems for children from illegitimate marriages, especially concerning their civil rights. Departing from the Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 which gave rise to a controversial discourse by giving illegitimate children the right to a civil relationship with their father, the Religious Court formulated a new norm for the status of children as biological children to accommodate the protection of children's rights, but there remain legal issues in determining such status and in practice, it remains unable to accommodate children's civil rights. This study aims to explore the considerations of the Religious Court's decision in determining biological children and its legal consequences for the enforcement of children's civil rights, and then offer a legal reconstruction of the determination of biological children. This  is a normative legal research with a statutory approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach. Data analysis is qualitative with seven thematic steps. The results of this study indicate that in considering the decision of the Religious Court, the judge considered the marriage carried out by the parties invalid because the marriage witnesses and marriage guardians were invalid. In the judge's view, an illegitimate marriage is adultery, so that the child born from it is a child of adultery, so he cannot be related to his father, but they can still obtain other limited civil rights. This study concludes that there is a fatal misconception in placing children from illegitimate marriages as children of adultery or biological children. Determination of the child's status as a biological child in the decision of the Religious Court is a legal formulation that is contrary to the norms of the Marriage Law, Islamic Law, and fiqh. The legal construction in determining the status of a biological child is not oriented towards substantial justice for children, contrary to the principle of liability based on fault, retributive justice, and the principle of nemo commodum capere potest de injuria sua propria. However, this legal construction is based on the norm of Article 42 of the Marriage Law, for that it must be reconstructed. The substantial justice approach requires that children born in or as a result of an illegitimate marriage must continue to be treated as legitimate children with all the legal consequences.Keywords: Biological Children, Illegal Marriage, Religious Court Decisions, Legal Reconstruction AbstrakNorma Pasal 42 Undang-Undang Perkawinan menetapkan secara rigid hukum keabsahan anak bergantung pada keabsahan pernikahan orang tua biologisnya. Ketentuan norma ini telah menimbulkan problematika hukum terhadap anak hasil perkawinan yang tidak sah, terutama menyangkut hak-hak perdatanya. Berangkat dari Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 yang melahirkan wacana kontroversial dengan memberikan anak luar kawin hak berupa hubungan perdata dengan ayahnya, Peradilan Agama memformulasi norma baru status anak berupa anak biologis untuk mengakomodasi perlindungan hak anak, tetapi terdapat problem hukum dalam penetapan status ini dan dalam praktiknya tidak benar-benar dapat mengakomodasi hak perdata anak.  Penelitian ini hendak menggali pertimbangan putusan Pengadilan Agama dalam penetapan anak biologis dan akibat hukumnya terhadap penegakan hak-hak perdata anak, dan selanjutnya menawarkan rekonstruksi hukum terhadap penetapan anak biologis. Penelitian ini bersifat hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan konseptual. Analisis data bersifat kualitatif dengan tujuh langkah tematik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam pertimbangan putusan Pengadilan Agama, hakim menilai pernikahan yang dilakukan oleh para pihak tidak sah karena tidak sahnya saksi nikah dan wali nikah. Dalam pandangan hakim, pernikahan yang tidak sah itu adalah zina, sehingga anak yang dilahirkan darinya adalah anak zina, maka ia tidak dapat dinasabkan kepada ayahnya, tetapi ia tetap dapat memperoleh hak-hak perdata lainnya secara terbatas. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat salah kaprah yang fatal dengan mendudukkan anak hasil perkawinan tidak sah sebagai anak zina atau anak biologis. Penetapan status anak sebagai anak biologis dalam putusan Pengadilan Agama merupakan formulasi hukum yang bertentangan dengan norma Undang-Undang Perkawinan, KHI, dan fikih. Konstruksi hukum dalam penetapan status anak biologis tersebut tidak berorientasi pada keadilan substansial bagi anak, bertentangan dengan prinsip liability based on fault, keadilan retributif, dan asas nemo commodum capere potest de injuria sua propria. Namun, kontruksi hukum ini berpangkal dari norma Pasal 42 Undang-Undang Perkawinan, untuk itu harus dilakukan rekonstruksi terhadapnya. Pendekatan keadilan substansial menghendaki anak yang dilahirkan dalam atau sebagai akibat perkawinan yang tidak sah harus tetap didudukkan sebagai anak yang sah dengan segala akibat hukumnyaKata Kunci: Anak Biologis, Perkawinan Tidak Sah, Putusan Pengadilan Agama, Rekonstruksi Hukum
Idealitas Pancasila dan Realitas Maqashid Syariah Miskari; Mhd. Syahnan; Hasan Matsum
Al-Ulum Vol. 23 No. 2 (2023): Al-ULum
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Sultan Amai Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30603/au.v23i2.4234

Abstract

This study discusses the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, which is not a religious state, but the Pancasila, produced based on a formulation of taste, nobility, customs, culture, religion, and beliefs that exist and grow in Indonesia. Because Pancasila was born from the womb of the Indonesian nation, even though the majority of the population is Muslim, Pancasila has succeeded in establishing itself as the basis of the state, state philosophy, and state ideology for many years now. It shows how powerful and great Pancasila is. However, recently, Pancasila has again clashed with Islam. Pancasila is considered a taghut system, created by infidels, and a secular system that is no longer relevant to the life of the Indonesian nation, which is predominantly Muslim. This research uses a qualitative approach with literature research methods. Primary and secondary data are from books, articles, news, and journals. The theory used in this research is the maqashid sharia approach as a cognitive, open, comprehensive, hierarchical, multidimensional, and purposeful system. Hence, it is found that the ideality of Pancasila rests on the reality of the Indonesian nation's activities in implementing the substantive values of Pancasila and Islam, not on its format. So, it was found that Pancasila and Islam met simultaneously in protecting their people, especially in protecting religion, soul, reason, property, lineage, and honor.
Deconstructing Takfiri Narratives: A Semiotic Analysis of Nahdlatul Ulama’s Digital Discourse on NU Online Wati, Dian Annisa Rizkyah; Mhd. Syahnan
Journal of Islamic Philosophy and Contemporary Thought Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): June
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin and Philosophy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/jipct.2023.1.1.111-128

Abstract

The spread of takfiri ideology—rooted in the historical legacy of the Khawarij and Wahhabi movements—has contributed significantly to religious radicalism, threatening the internal unity of Muslims and disrupting broader social harmony. As a representative of moderate Sunni Islam (Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā‘ah), Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) has responded proactively to this challenge, particularly through its digital platform, NU Online. This study examines how NU Online constructs an anti-takfiri discourse using the semiotic theory of Charles Sanders Peirce. Applying Peirce’s triadic model—which includes the signifier (the sign), the object and the interpreter—this research analyses the signs and meanings embedded in NU’s digital content aimed at deconstructing takfiri rhetoric. Using a qualitative literature-based approach, this study finds that NU's digital messages consistently emphasize the principles of Islamic moderation, critical thinking, and a tolerant national identity. This communication strategy challenges extremist interpretations and reinforces a theological framework emphasizing peace and inclusivity while demonstrating how religious semiotics can function as a tool of ideological resistance in the digital age.