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Contribution of Demographic Bonus and HDI to Regional Economic Growth: North Sumatra Perspective Bambang Sutejo; Henny Purnawa Dewi; Andi; Muhammad Yusuf
Outline Journal of Economic Studies Vol. 4 No. 2: April 2025 - September 2025
Publisher : Outline Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61730/tcvgkp21

In Indonesia, economic growth can be encouraged through the demographic bonus. Therefore, this research aims to explore the influence of the demographic bonus (labor force and human development index) on the economic growth of North Sumatra. The research method used is quantitative research. The data used in this research is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency of North Sumatra Province 2001-2021. Data testing in this study was carried out using eviews-10.The research results show: 1) In the short term, the Labor Force variable has a negative and insignificant relationship with the rate of economic growth in North Sumatra Province in 2001-2021. 2) In the long term, the labor force variable has a positive and insignificant effect on the rate of economic growth in North Sumatra Province in 2001-2021. 3) In the short term, the HDI variable has a negative and insignificant relationship with the rate of economic growth in North Sumatra Province in 2001-2021. 40 In the long term, the HDI variable has a positive and insignificant effect on the rate of economic growth in North Sumatra Province in 2001-2021.

The Influence of Globalization on the Harmonization of International and National Law Junaidi Lubis; Melky Suhery Simamora; Bambang Sutejo; Dedek syafrizal
International Journal For Advanced Research Vol. 1 No. 3: October 2024
Publisher : Outline Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61730/ny5gv396

Globalization has had a significant impact on the harmonization of international and national laws, affecting areas such as trade, environment, and human rights. This study explores the impact of globalization on legal harmonization, identifying key drivers such as economic integration, technological advancement, and the role of international organizations. It also highlights emerging challenges, including legal pluralism, cultural resistance, and disparities in institutional capacity across countries. Using a qualitative approach, legal analysis is conducted to identify patterns of convergence and divergence across legal systems, including common law, civil law, and hybrid legal systems. Case studies such as the implementation of the Paris Agreement, the adaptation of WTO trade law standards, and the mainstreaming of human rights in developing countries reveal the success rates and obstacles in harmonization. The results show that while harmonization promotes global cooperation and reduces legal protection, challenges remain. Fragmentation of international law, geopolitical tensions, and differences in local values are key barriers. To address these, the study recommends an adaptive framework, enhanced multilateral cooperation, and investment in developing country capacity building. In conclusion, legal harmonization requires a balance between global norms and local relevance, so as to create an inclusive and effective legal system. A collaborative approach involving stakeholders across borders is key to bridging the gap between international standards and national realities.

The Influence of Entrepreneurship in the Higher Education Environment on Entrepreneurial Motivation Sattar Rasul; Henny Purnama Dewi; Atika Aini Nasution; Irma Herliza Rizki; Bambang Sutejo
International Journal For Advanced Research Vol. 1 No. 4: December 2024
Publisher : Outline Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61730/1xjk8e61

This study aims to analyze the influence of entrepreneurship in the university environment on students' entrepreneurial motivation. Along with the increasingly rapid economic development, entrepreneurship has become an attractive career choice for the younger generation, especially students. Universities as educational institutions have a strategic role in shaping the character and entrepreneurial mindset of students through the entrepreneurship programs they organize. This study uses a quantitative approach with survey methods and multiple regression analysis to identify factors that influence entrepreneurial motivation. The results of the study show that entrepreneurship in universities, which include entrepreneurship courses, seminars, training, and business incubators, have a significant influence on increasing students' entrepreneurial motivation. These entrepreneurship programs provide knowledge, skills, and support that are very important for students to start their businesses. In addition, social support from family and friends as well as economic conditions also play a role in increasing students' entrepreneurial motivation. The conclusion of this study is that entrepreneurship in universities contributes positively to encouraging students to enter the business world, so universities need to continue to develop their entrepreneurship programs to support the creation of innovative and competitive young entrepreneurs.

Legal Protection for MSMEs in Facing Business Competition Chairus Suriyat; M. Salim; Bambang Sutejo
International Journal For Advanced Research Vol. 1 No. 5: February 2025
Publisher : Outline Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61730/nf2sq788

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have a strategic role in the Indonesian economy, but often face major challenges in business competition, especially with large companies. Unfair business competition practices, such as monopolies, predatory pricing, and cartels, often harm MSMEs. This study aims to analyze the legal protection available to MSMEs in facing business competition, the effectiveness of existing regulations, and obstacles in their implementation. The research method used is a normative approach with an analysis of applicable laws and regulations, as well as an empirical approach through case studies related to business competition policies in Indonesia. The results of the study show that although there are regulations such as Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition and Law Number 20 of 2008 concerning Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, the implementation of legal protection still faces various obstacles. Lack of socialization of regulations, low legal awareness among MSMEs, and limitations in supervision by the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) are the main factors that hinder the effectiveness of legal protection. Therefore, reforms are needed in business competition policy, increasing legal literacy for MSMEs, and synergy between the government, KPPU, and MSME associations to create a fairer and more competitive business ecosystem

Juridical Analysis of Consumer Protection in Electronic Transactions Chairus Suriyat; Muhammad Salim Fauzi; Junaidi Lubis; Bambang Sutejo; Irma Herliza Rizki
International Journal For Advanced Research Vol. 1 No. 6: April 2025
Publisher : Outline Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61730/s7f3jc40

The increasing use of electronic transactions in the digital age has raised significant concerns regarding consumer protection. Consumers face various risks, such as fraud, product mismatch, delivery delays, and misuse of personal data. This research aims to analyze the juridical framework governing consumer protection in electronic transactions, particularly in Indonesia, where digital commerce is rapidly expanding. By applying a normative juridical method and qualitative analysis, the study reviews existing legislation, including Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, and evaluates its effectiveness in addressing current digital challenges. Findings show that despite having a legal framework, the enforcement and application of consumer protection laws in digital transactions remain limited and inconsistent. Many platforms do not fully comply with legal requirements related to transparency, dispute resolution, and data protection. The study includes statistical data and visual aids such as charts and tables to illustrate the scale of consumer issues in the digital environment. It concludes that there is a need for legal reform, stronger regulatory oversight, and greater platform accountability. Additionally, increasing public awareness and utilizing Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms can enhance consumer protection in the growing e-commerce ecosystem.

Smart Contracts and Virtual Property Disputes in the International Metaverse Economy salim; Arif; Junaidi Lubis; Chairus Suryati; Bambang Sutejo; Irma Herliza Rizki
International Journal For Advanced Research Vol. 2 No. 1: June 2025
Publisher : Outline Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61730/2zz3b072

The rapid advancement of blockchain technology and the emergence of the metaverse as a cross-border digital economy have triggered new legal challenges, particularly concerning smart contracts and virtual property disputes. Smart contracts—self-executing agreements coded on blockchain—offer efficiency and transparency but raise critical questions about legal validity, jurisdiction, and dispute resolution when conflicts arise between parties from different countries. In the context of virtual ownership such as digital land, NFTs, and in-world assets, diverging national legal systems complicate the enforcement of rights over virtual property. This study analyzes how smart contracts are utilized in virtual property transactions and examines the evolving international legal approaches to disputes arising from such agreements. The research highlights the urgent need for an adaptive global legal framework, cross-jurisdictional recognition of digital rights, and the role of blockchain-based arbitration bodies as alternatives to traditional dispute resolution. It also explores the relevance of traditional contract law principles in decentralized virtual environments and the regulatory challenges related to digital identity and evidentiary standards. With a multidisciplinary approach, this abstract offers insights into the importance of legal harmonization and international collaboration in supporting a fair, predictable, and legally secure metaverse ecosystem.

Pengaruh Kualitas Produk dan Harga terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Usaha Risoles Yaya Sabila Kirani; Bambang Sutejo; Amril Anas
Indo Green Journal Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Green 2026
Publisher : Published by Institut Teknologi Pendidikan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/green.v4i3.878

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas produk dan harga terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Usaha Risoles Yaya. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasari oleh fluktuasi jumlah konsumen dan omzet dalam lima tahun terakhir (2020–2024), di mana sempat terjadi penurunan akibat penutupan usaha, namun pada tahun 2024 mengalami peningkatan yang cukup signifikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel random sampling. Sampel berjumlah 40 responden yang merupakan konsumen Risoles Yaya. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Variabel dalam penelitian ini yaitu Kualitas Produk (X1), Harga (X2), dan Keputusan Pembelian (Y) yang diukur dengan skala Likert 5 poin menggunakan SPSS 26 untuk menganalisis data. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, uji hipotesis, dan uji analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel kualitas produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen, dan variabel harga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Sementara kualitas produk dan harga secara simultan juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Hal ini berarti semakin baik kualitas produk dan semakin sesuai harga yang ditetapkan, maka keputusan konsumen untuk membeli produk Risoles Yaya juga semakin meningkat. Uji koefisien determinasi menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen (kualitas produk dan harga) berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen (keputusan pembelian) sebesar 52,2% dan sisanya 47,8% dipengaruhi oleh faktor variabel lain di luar penelitian ini.

Business Capital and Entrepreneurial Characteristics as Determinants of MSME Success: Evidence from Aur Village Bambang Sutejo; Lili Suryati; Muammar Rinaldi
Annals of Human Resource Management Research Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Goodwood Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/ahrmr.v6.n3.p355-366.2026

Purpose: This study aims to analyze and empirically examine the influence of business capital and entrepreneurial characteristics on the success of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Kelurahan Aur. Methodology: A quantitative causal design was employed, with the research location centered on the MSME ecosystem in Kelurahan Aur, Kecamatan Medan Maimun, Medan City. The population comprised 90 active MSME units, all of which were selected as samples through saturated sampling (a census). Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with IBM SPSS Statistics (version 26). Results: The findings indicate that both business capital and entrepreneurial characteristics partially exert positive and significant effects on MSME success. Simultaneously, both variables demonstrated a significant influence. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.883 reveals that 88.3% of the variation in business success is explained by the combined effect of these determinants. Conclusions: MSME success requires synergy between sufficient business capital and strong entrepreneurial characteristics, with the latter emerging as the more dominant predictor of business resilience and sustainable growth. Limitations: This study was geographically confined to a single sub-district, limiting the generalizability of its findings. Additionally, 11.7% of the variance remains unexplained, and the cross-sectional design only captures conditions at a specific point in time. Contributions: This study encourages policymakers to design MSME assistance programs that not only focus on capital provision but also strengthen entrepreneurial character through incubators. Academically, this study contributes location-specific empirical evidence to the literature on micro-business success determinants at the grassroots level.

Pengaruh Kualitas Produk dan Harga terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Usaha Risoles Yaya Sabila Kirani; Bambang Sutejo; Amril Anas
Indo Green Journal Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Green 2026
Publisher : Published by Institut Teknologi Pendidikan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/green.v4i3.878

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas produk dan harga terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Usaha Risoles Yaya. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasari oleh fluktuasi jumlah konsumen dan omzet dalam lima tahun terakhir (2020–2024), di mana sempat terjadi penurunan akibat penutupan usaha, namun pada tahun 2024 mengalami peningkatan yang cukup signifikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel random sampling. Sampel berjumlah 40 responden yang merupakan konsumen Risoles Yaya. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Variabel dalam penelitian ini yaitu Kualitas Produk (X1), Harga (X2), dan Keputusan Pembelian (Y) yang diukur dengan skala Likert 5 poin menggunakan SPSS 26 untuk menganalisis data. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, uji hipotesis, dan uji analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel kualitas produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen, dan variabel harga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Sementara kualitas produk dan harga secara simultan juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Hal ini berarti semakin baik kualitas produk dan semakin sesuai harga yang ditetapkan, maka keputusan konsumen untuk membeli produk Risoles Yaya juga semakin meningkat. Uji koefisien determinasi menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen (kualitas produk dan harga) berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen (keputusan pembelian) sebesar 52,2% dan sisanya 47,8% dipengaruhi oleh faktor variabel lain di luar penelitian ini.

MENINGKATKAN LOYALITAS PELANGGAN MELALUI LAYANAN DIGITAL: ANALISIS EXPECTATION CONFIRMATION MODEL PADA APLIKASI DELIVERY RESTORAN CEPAT SAJI DI MEDAN M. Asyari Syahab; Muammar Rinaldi; Bambang Sutejo; Adam Nurkholik
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 5 (2026): October (2026)
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i5.7015

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the level of confirmation of user expectations regarding the actual performance of delivery applications, examine the influence of perceived usefulness and satisfaction on continuance intention, and formulate data-driven customer retention strategies for fast-food businesses in Medan to minimize churn rates. A quantitative explanatory approach was employed, adopting Bhattacherjee’s Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM) framework. This model was selected due to its strength in explaining post-adoption technology behavior—making it more relevant for loyalty studies than initial adoption models (such as TAM). The variables examined include Confirmation, Perceived Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Continuance Intention. Data were collected via a survey of active delivery app users in Medan and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the validity of the ECM within the local context. Hypothesis testing results indicate that confirmation serves as a primary foundation, exerting a positive and significant influence on perceived usefulness, customer satisfaction, and directly on continuance intention; this confirms that the alignment between expectations and actual application performance drives an overall positive user experience. Furthermore, perceived usefulness proved to be a crucial antecedent significantly driving customer satisfaction, while customer satisfaction emerged as the strongest predictor of continuance intention, displaying the highest path coefficient among all variables tested. Keyword: Expectation Confirmation; Customer Loyalty; Perceived Benefits. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat konfirmasi harapan pengguna terhadap kinerja aktual aplikasi delivery, menguji pengaruh persepsi manfaat dan kepuasan terhadap niat penggunaan berkelanjutan dan merumuskan strategi retensi pelanggan berbasis data bagi pelaku usaha restoran cepat saji di Medan untuk meminimalisir churn rate. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif eksplanatori dengan mengadopsi kerangka kerja Expectation Confirmation Model (ECM) dari Bhattacherjee. Model ini dipilih karena keunggulannya dalam menjelaskan perilaku pasca-adopsi teknologi, yang lebih relevan untuk studi loyalitas dibandingkan model adopsi awal (seperti TAM). Variabel yang diteliti meliputi Confirmation (Konfirmasi Harapan), Perceived Usefulness (Persepsi Manfaat), Satisfaction (Kepuasan), dan Continuance Intention (Niat Berkelanjutan/Loyalitas). Data dikumpulkan melalui survei terhadap pengguna aktif aplikasi delivery di Medan dan dianalisis menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) untuk menguji validitas model ECM dalam konteks lokal. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa konfirmasi harapan (confirmation) merupakan fondasi utama yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap persepsi manfaat, kepuasan pelanggan, serta secara langsung terhadap niat berkelanjutan, yang menegaskan bahwa kesesuaian antara ekspektasi dan kinerja aktual aplikasi mendorong pengalaman positif pengguna secara menyeluruh. Selanjutnya, persepsi manfaat (perceived usefulness) terbukti menjadi anteseden penting yang secara signifikan mendorong kepuasan pelanggan, sementara kepuasan pelanggan (satisfaction) ditemukan sebagai prediktor terkuat terhadap niat berkelanjutan (continuance intention), dengan koefisien jalur tertinggi di antara seluruh variabel yang diuji. Kata kunci: Konfirmasi Harapan; Loyalitas Pelanggan; Persepsi Manfaat.

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