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The Syncretic Architecture of the Menara Kudus Mosque as an Expression of Sufistic Tawḥīd Muhaya, Abdul; Faiq, Muhammad; Arafat, Ahmad Tajuddin; Taufiq, Thiyas Tono
Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Department of Aqidah and Islamic Philosophy, Faculty of Ushuluddin and Philosophy, Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/teosofi.2024.14.2.195-220

Abstract

Puritan Muslims disapprove of the syncretic architecture of the Menara Kudus Mosque; however, the early Muslim saints spreading Islam in Java adopted this Hindu-Buddhist architectural style as a sign of cultural acceptance and continuity. This study aims to explore the symbolic meanings of the syncretic architecture of the Menara Kudus Mosque built by Sunan Kudus. This qualitative study employs the symbolic interaction theory of Joel M. Charon and George Ritzer, supplemented by the comparative method to unveil the similarities and differences in functions and structures between the Menara Kudus Mosque and Hindu-Buddhist temples and their inherent symbolism can be understood. The study found that Sunan Kudus chose this unique architectural style to promote inclusive and tolerant behavior through a theological-imaginative dialogue process to create social harmony. Such an attitude reflects Sufistic tawḥīd teachings combined with a deep understanding and respect for the local cultures.
Javanese-Islamic Mysticism In Serat Nitisruti By Prince Karanggayam Ansori, Bahroon; Taufiq, Thiyas Tono
Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Humaniora - UIN Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/tos.v13i1.20066

Abstract

Javanese-Islamic mysticism believes that humans can find God (in union with Him) through wisdom. The concepts are similar to Sufism, such as Ittiḥād, ḥulūl, and Waḥdat al-wujūd. This study aims to discover the formulation of Javanese-Islamic mysticism teachings in Serat Nitisruti by Prince Karanggayam. The primary data were obtained from Javanese manuscripts, namely Serat Nitisruti, compiled by Prince Karanggayam (1591-1612 AD), from the early days of Pajang to the end of Pajang (controlled by Mataram). Prince Karanggayam was the first poet and an Islamic preacher in Pajang. This study applies the cultural analysis of Koentjaraningrat. The results show that Javanese-Islamic mysticism in Serat Nitisruti has four stages; purification of kapti (heart), atunggal marang Gusti (union with God), nugrahaning widhi (God’s blessing), and the last is application stage, i.e., managing the world or doing actual actions. If someone can reach the third stage, he deserves to be called waskitha. However, if those stages are not completed with the application stage, the result will be imperfect. Therefore, Javanese-Islamic mysticism has its reasoning and logic by Javanese society at that time, namely, ngelmu kanthi laku; knowledge must be accompanied by actual actions.Contribution: This study uncovers the teachings of the spiritual journey based on local wisdom among Javanese Muslims, as contained in Serat Nitisruti, which Prince Karanggayam compiled.