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Literature Review: Skin Aging in the Ederly Population Salsabila, Baiq Ghefira Rojwani Putri; Hardiant, Excell Defry; Suryani, Elsa Indah; Salsabila, Tsania Zulfa; Savitri, Puti Amelia; Untari, Lania Pradiva; Paradiesta, Andi Frieskha Naurah; Angelita, Puja Rizkina; Adidaifa, Muhammad Fikri; Musyarof, Disa Fadil; Hidayatullah, Audi
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 3 (2025): Juli-September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i3.10032

Abstract

Skin aging is a progressive degenerative process characterized by a decline in the structural and functional capacity of the skin to maintain its protective, regenerative, and homeostatic roles. It is influenced by both intrinsic factors, such as genetics, telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction, hormonal changes, microbiota alterations, and decreased vitamin D production, and extrinsic factors, including ultraviolet radiation, pollution, smoking, oxidative stress, and lifestyle. Clinically, skin aging presents with thinning, dryness, loss of elasticity, fine to deep wrinkles, pigmentary changes, and benign skin lesions. The increasing elderly population, particularly in Indonesia, highlights the growing importance of addressing skin aging due to its impact not only on physical health but also on psychosocial well-being and quality of life. Management strategies include pharmacological approaches such as sunscreens, moisturizers, vitamin D and collagen supplementation, retinoids, and hormone replacement therapy, as well as non-pharmacological interventions including antioxidant-rich nutrition, hydration, allergen avoidance, wound care, dietary restriction, facial massage, and aesthetic procedures like stem cell therapy. Early prevention, timely recognition, and comprehensive management of skin aging are essential to support healthy aging and maintain the quality of life among the elderly.
Hypothyroidism: A Literature Review Hardiant, Excell Defry; Adidaifa, Muhammad Fikri; Salsabila, Tsania Zulfa; Maulana, Muhammad Rafi; Salsabila, Baiq Ghefira Rojwani Putri; Untari, Lania Pradiva; Suryani, Elsa Indah; Paradiesta, Andi Frieskha Naurah; Savitri, Puti Amelia; Rahmat, Basuki
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 3 (2025): Juli-September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i3.10033

Abstract

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is unable to produce enough hormones to meet the body's needs. This condition causes a slowed metabolism, which can lead to various symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, constipation, cold intolerance, and facial puffiness. Given the widespread impact of hypothyroidism and the potential for serious complications, special attention is needed for early detection, diagnosis, and effective treatment of hypothyroidism. This literature review was conducted using journal review methods and data searches through sources such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The search used the keywords "hypothyroidism," "hypothyroid," "thyroid gland," and "Hashimoto's thyroiditis." The results of the literature review found that the main cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease in which antibodies attack the thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism is diagnosed by examining elevated TSH and decreased free T4 levels, as well as anti-TPO antibody tests to detect Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Treatment for hypothyroidism generally involves administering levothyroxine, a synthetic thyroid hormone, to replace the deficient hormone and normalize metabolic function. Healthy lifestyle support, such as diet and stress management, is also important to help optimally manage this condition. In conclusion, hypothyroidism is characterized by a decrease in thyroid hormone production and preventive management is pharmacological in the form of levothyroxine, while non-pharmacological management is in the form of regulating food intake.
Clinical and Epidemiological Overview of Influenza: A Literature Review Rifki, Muhammad; Rachman, Amanda Azkiyah; Salsabila, Tsania Zulfa; Larasati, Anak Agung Ayu Regina; Paradiesta, Andi Frieskha Naurah
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10278

Abstract

Influenza is an acute contagious respiratory infection that remains a major global health concern due to its high transmissibility and ability to undergo genetic variations through antigenic drift and shift. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, management, complications, and preventive strategies of influenza based on recent scientific evidence. A narrative review method was employed by analyzing publications from 2008 to 2025, sourced from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as “influenza,” “respiratory infection,” “antiviral therapy,” and “influenza vaccination.” The findings show that influenza affects approximately one billion people globally each year, with 3–5 million severe cases and 290,000–650,000 respiratory deaths, particularly among vulnerable groups including children, the elderly, pregnant women, and individuals with chronic diseases. The infection is caused by influenza viruses type A, B, C, and D, with type A being the most associated with epidemics and pandemics. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical assessment supported by RT-PCR as the gold standard, while neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir and zanamivir remain the mainstay of therapy when administered early. Annual vaccination remains the most effective preventive measure, complemented by non-pharmacological interventions such as hand hygiene, mask use, and respiratory etiquette. In conclusion, strengthening surveillance systems, improving vaccination coverage, and enhancing early diagnostic capacity are essential strategies to reduce the global burden of influenza and its complications.
Clinical Status Asthmaticus as a Respiratory Emergency: Management in Pediatric and Adult Populations Ramadhan, Panji Sena; Nursiain, Aziza Chantiqka Aulia; Wardana, Shira Putri; Salsabila, Tsania Zulfa; Larasati, Anak Agung Ayu Regina
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10780

Abstract

Status asthmaticus is a life-threatening acute asthma exacerbation that fails to respond to initial standard therapy and requires prompt, protocol-based emergency care. This article aims to determine the clinical status of asthma as a respiratory emergency: management in pediatric and adult populations. The article was compiled using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, combining current evidence and clinical guideline recommendations regarding the management of status asthmaticus in pediatric and adult populations. Status asthmaticus is a form of severe asthma exacerbation that is an emergency because it can lead to respiratory arrest and death if not treated promptly. Patients generally present with complaints of progressive shortness of breath, cough, wheezing, and signs of respiratory failure such as tachypnea, accessory muscle retractions, and in severe cases, decreased consciousness. Symptoms in children are usually more dramatic due to narrower airways, while in adults the main risks are respiratory muscle fatigue and ventilation complications. Initial management includes airway stabilization, oxygen administration, and immediate initiation of a short-acting bronchodilator (nebulized beta-agonist/MDI). If improvement does not occur, inhaled anticholinergics and systemic corticosteroids are added. Thus, in both children and adults, status asthmaticus requires early recognition, rapid treatment, and close evaluation until the condition is fully stabilized. Continuous monitoring with pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas analysis is emphasized as essential for detecting deterioration. Early recognition and rapid escalation following standard emergency pathways are crucial to reducing morbidity and mortality in both age groups.