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Aortic Stenosis Review: Pathophysiology, Clinical Symptoms, and Key Diagnostic Signs Maharani, Baiq Syarifaturrayyan; Febriana, Nanggi Qoriatul; Sari, Padmi Kartika; Maudina, Baiq Zaskia; Hakim, Baiq Sheila Oktalia
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10105

Abstract

Aortic stenosis is among the most common valvular heart diseases, particularly in the elderly, and remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by narrowing of the aortic valve, leading to increased afterload, compensatory left ventricular hypertrophy, and eventual heart failure or sudden death. To summarize updated evidence on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic signs of aortic stenosis. A literature review was conducted through systematic searches of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, prioritizing publications from the last ten years. Articles on anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic findings, and disease progression were critically analyzed. Aortic stenosis develops through degenerative calcification, rheumatic autoimmune inflammation, or congenital malformation. Disease progression leads to elevated transvalvular gradient, reduced stroke volume, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Typical symptoms include angina, syncope, and heart failure. Key diagnostic signs are a crescendo–decrescendo systolic ejection murmur radiating to the carotid arteries and the Gallavardin phenomenon. Aortic stenosis is a progressive valvular disease with complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Comprehensive understanding of its biological processes, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic signs is essential to support early detection and timely management. Such efforts may reduce morbidity and mortality while paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies in the future.
PROTECTIVE ROLE OF HUMAN BREAST MILK AGAINST NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN PRETERM INFANTS Putri, Dyah Arista; Patandianan, Firdaus Kamma; Latifa, Nindy Citra; Ramadhania, Yasmin Najla; Rofilah, Alita Khainur; Maharani, Baiq Syarifaturrayyan; Yassa, I Wayan Radityakara Wirasena; Arigi, Lalu Ahmad Gamal
Mandala Of Health Vol 18 No 2 (2025): Mandala of Health: A Scientific Journal
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.mandala.2025.18.2.17753

Abstract

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening gastrointestinal disease that predominantly affects preterm infants, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Human breast milk (HBM) has long been recognized as the most effective nutritional intervention for preventing NEC due to its unique bioactive components such as immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, glutamine, vitamins, and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which act through mechanisms including strengthening the intestinal barrier, modulating immune responses, and regulating the gut microbiota. This narrative review aims to synthesize recent evidence on the protective role of HBM against NEC, with particular emphasis on the function of HMOs, probiotics, and complementary nutritional interventions designed to replicate or enhance HBM’s bioactivity. The methods applied in this review followed a narrative literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2015 and 2025 on the effects of breastfeeding on NEC risk in preterm infants, using predefined eligibility criteria. The findings indicate that HBM significantly reduces NEC incidence, while supplemental interventions such as prebiotics and probiotics may serve as complementary strategies, particularly when the availability of mother’s own milk is limited. Overall, HBM remains the primary protective factor against NEC, and optimizing its provision in neonatal care is critical for improving outcomes among preterm infants.
Feelings of Disappreciation in Health Workers: Impact Analysis and Improvement Efforts Siregar, Chivan; Pambudi, Novanda Ayu Dila Putri; Maharani, Baiq Syarifaturrayyan; Putri, Irma Santika
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10056

Abstract

Feelings of unappreciation among healthcare workers are a serious issue that often goes unnoticed. Contributing factors include lack of recognition from superiors and colleagues, unequal workload and compensation, and limited career development opportunities. These conditions negatively affect workers’ mental health and service quality. This study aims to identify the causes of unappreciation among healthcare workers, analyze its impact on well-being and performance, and propose strategies to enhance appreciation. A literature review was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Inclusion criteria included journal articles and books from the past ten years focusing on healthcare workers’ well-being, motivation, work environment, institutional rewards, and psychosocial aspects. Twenty-five key studies were critically reviewed. Underappreciation of healthcare workers has wide-ranging psychological, professional, and social impacts. Collaborative efforts between institutions, government, and society are essential to create a supportive environment, ensure fair recognition, and strengthen healthcare systems.