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Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 602 Documents
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Epidemiological aspects of colorectal cancer in East Azerbaijan, Northwest Iran: five year survival analysis Barnous, Ramin; Somi, Mohammad Hossein; Sanaat, Zohreh; Jabbaripoor, Pooneh; Dolatkhah, Neda; Dolatkhah, Roya
Universa Medicina Vol. 40 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2021.v40.190-199

Abstract

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of death from cancer in the world. Currently, CRC is the fourth most common cancer in men and the second common cancer in women of all ages in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiologic profile of CRC along with CRC specific survival analysis. MethodsThis was an analytical cross-sectional study using the East Azerbaijan Population Based Cancer Registry database (EA-PBCR) as a source for data related to patients with a diagnosis of CRC. Colorectal cancer specific 1- to 5-year survival analysis and mortality rates were calculated. Log-rank test and Cox regression analysis was performed to test the equality of survival function and mortality hazard. ResultsA total of 2,366 newly diagnosed CRCs were registered during 3 years, with a male: female ratio of 1.31. Overall survival rate was 49.8%. One- to 5-year survival rates were 96.21%, 56.94%, 48.62%, 47.88% and 46.76% respectively. At multivariate level, after adjusting for all variables, regression analysis showed that the hazard of mortality in stage IV cancers was 46.44 times higher than that in stage I cancers (HR=46.44, 95% CI: 14.86-145.14, p=0.000). However, differences in patients’ age group and sex and the subsite of cancer did not create any statistically significant variation between groups in regards to mortality hazards (p>0.05). ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the stage and grade of CRC were important prognostic factors and that early screening and diagnosis of CRC were essential.
Being aware of the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 infection Atalay, Basak
Universa Medicina Vol. 40 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2021.v40.187-189

Abstract

The novel coronavirus disease- 2019 (COVID-19) is first reported from China, and unfortunately, no longer restricted, and spreads in all geographies.(1) The main symptoms of COVID-19 infection are respiratory tract related. Infected patients usually have symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and fatigue, and they may have atypical symptoms like headache, seizure, anosmia, stroke, and even impaired consciousness. Strong evidence of an association between COVID-19 infection and neurological manifestations has been reported. Besides, the neurologic manifestations may be the initial presentation of COVID-19 infection.
Marasmus and stunting in 2-month-old boy with pneumatocele Susanti, Maya; Juliaty, Aidah
Universa Medicina Vol. 40 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2021.v40.263-269

Abstract

BackgroundNutrition is essential for humans and if inadequate may lead to undernutrition. Undernourished children are very susceptible to infections, such as pneumonia, one of its complications being pneumatocele, which is a more severe condition. Pulmonary pneumatoceles are thin-walled, air-filled cysts that develop within the lung parenchyma and have been found in 2.4 percent of 493 infants and children with pneumonia. However, in staphylococcal pneumonias, the frequency of pneumatocele can reach as high as 85 percent. Infants and young children are more likely to have pneumatoceles. It is critical to distinguish marasmus with pneumatocele from many other similar diagnoses. Failure to recognize can lead to incorrect diagnosis and treatment, causing more harm than good to patient care. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high suspicion of pneumonia in neonates even with normal radiological findings and of searching for pneumatoceles. Case DescriptionWe report a case of marasmus and stunting accompanied by pneumatocele in a 2-month-old boy. The diagnosis was made based on history, physical examination, anthropometric examination using the WHO child growth standards, laboratory tests, and radiological imaging. Management of the patient was according to a multidisciplinary system including antibiotics administration and wasting management. ConclusionPneumatoceles are serious complications after pneumonia. Pneumonia is common in children with marasmus. Children with marasmus are caused by various underlying factors. The progression begins in the womb and continues through the first 1000 days of life.
Detection of immunogenic protein from salivary gland of Aedes albopictus Oktarianti, Rike; Khasanah, Rochmatul Nuryu; Wathon, Syubbanul; Senjarini, Kartika
Universa Medicina Vol. 40 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2021.v40.234-242

Abstract

BackgroundDengue virus is transmitted by several species of Aedes mosquitoes, with Aedes albopictus as secondary vector. During blood feeding, these vectors inject saliva into the vertebrate hosts. The saliva contains anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and immunogenic factors. The objective of this research was to detect immunogenic proteins from Ae.albopictus salivary glands reacting with sera of people living in dengue endemic areas. MethodsThe identification of immunogenic proteins of Ae. albopictus salivary gland used one-dimensional gel electrophoresis (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), and western blot analysis, respectively. To determine the immunogenic nature of the candidate proteins, the antigens from the salivary gland of Ae. albopictus were reacted with sera from healthy persons, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) patients, and neonates, each of the groups comprising 10 samples. ResultsThe protein profiles of Ae. albopictus salivary glands showed 13 bands with molecular weights from 16 kDa up to 97 kDa, i.e. 16, 17, 26, 28, 31, 32, 45, 55, 60, 67, 73, 76, and 97 kDa. According to western blot analysis result, the 31 kDa proteins were recognized in all endemic population sera, both in DHF patients and healthy persons. In contrast, protein bands of 47 and 67 kDa were only recognized by the sera of DHF patients. ConclusionThree immunogenic proteins of 31, 47 and 67 kDa were detected from Ae. albopictus salivary glands. These immunogenic proteins may be developed as candidate biomarkers for bite exposure to Ae. albopictus and as vector-based DHF vaccines.
Breastfeeding self-efficacy and related factors during early postpartum period Topuz, Şenay; DUMAN, Nuriye BÜYÜKKAYACI; UYSAL, Gulzade; Öcalan, Dilek
Universa Medicina Vol. 40 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2021.v40.216-225

Abstract

BACKGROUNDBreastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE) could be an indicator of the performance of mothers in breastfeeding during the immediate postpartum time period. The factor most affecting the duration and success of breastfeeding is the self-efficacy perception of the mothers. This study was carried out to determine the BSE and the factors related to it in the early postpartum period. METHODSA cross-sectional study was performed involving 264 mothers. Data were collected by using a questionnaire and the BSE scale (BSES). The questionnaire consisted of questions regarding descriptive characteristics (age, educational status, family type, income level, etc.) and obstetric characteristics regarding pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding status (number of pregnancies, number of births, type of delivery, planned and desired pregnancy, birth weight, first breast-feeding time after birth, etc.). Simple and multiple linear regression were performed to examine factors related to BSE. RESULTSThe mean BSE score of the mothers participating in the study was 65.20 ± 9.3. Simple and multiple linear regression models indicated that significant determinants of BSE score include having nuclear family type, having social security, a greater number of pregnancies, a greater number of births, the status of antenatal visits in pregnancy, the status of getting information about breastfeeding, and short first breastfeeding time. Getting information about breastfeeding was the most influential factor of BSE (Beta=3.432; 95% CI : 32.771-51.626; p=0.000). CONCLUSIONSIn this study, getting information about breastfeeding was the most influential factor of BSE in the early postpartum period. A woman's level of breastfeeding self-efficacy should be determined during the early postpartum period.
Bone metastases tend to increase in non-small cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation Maleachi, Reginald; Erawati, Dini Rachma; Pratiwi, Suryanti Dwi; Andarini, Sri
Universa Medicina Vol. 41 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2022.v41.4-10

Abstract

BackgroundIncreased understanding in molecular pathology of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) over the past decades has led to personalized treatment approaches being advocated. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation that often occurs in NSCLC can be identified using immunohistochemical examinations. Moreover, clarifying the relationship between computed tomography (CT) and EGFR mutation of NSCLC might inform therapeutic decision-making. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between metastatic sites on primary chest CT-scan and EGFR mutation in NSCLC lung cancer patients. MethodsAn cross-sectional design using secondary data was conducted, involving 76 NSCLC patients. EGFR mutations were determined by immunohistochemical examination and metastatic sites by chest CT-scan with contrast. The collected metastatic sites comprised hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, pulmonary nodules, and bone, liver, spleen and suprarenal metastases. A Chi square test was used to analyze the data. ResultsThis study revealed that the highest NSCLC stage was IVb, found in 39 samples (51.3%), while 34 (44.7%) subjects had EGFR mutation. There was no statistically significant difference between metastatic site and positive EGFR mutation, although positive bone metastases (54.8%) tend to have more numerous positive EGFR mutations compared to negative bone metastases (37.7%) (p=0.142). ConclusionsPatients with positive bone metastases tend to have higher positive EGFR mutation compared to negative bone metastases in NSCLC lung cancer patients. Prospective studies evaluating patients with EGFR mutation for bone metastases should be considered. This can provide information on therapeutic decision-making to obtain good clinical outcomes.
Comparison of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and E-cadherin expression in early- and late-onset preeclampsia Samara, Tjam Diana; Wibowo, Heri; Liem, Isabella Kurnia; Prijanti, Ani Retno; Andrijono, Andrijono
Universa Medicina Vol. 40 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2021.v40.200-206

Abstract

BACKGROUNDPreeclampsia (PE) is one of the most common pregnancy complications worldwide. Turnover of villous trophoblast is affected by impaired placental perfusion in preeclampsia. Among the various factors that influence pro and antiangiogenic factors in trophoblast invasion of PE are E-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The current classification scheme differentiates PE into two variants early-onset (EO) and late-onset (LO) PE. The aim of this study was to compare MMP-9 and E-cadherin expression between early- (EO) and late-onset (LO) PE. METHODSThis study used a cross-sectional design involving 26 women with gestational age <34 weeks (EO) and 38 women with gestational age ≥34 weeks (LO) from PE patients. Placentas born to preeclamptic mothers were taken in the form of small pieces of the maternal side to measure the levels of MMP-9 and E-cadherin by the ELISA method. Statistical analysis was assessed using the Mann Whitney and independent t-test with a significant p value <0.05. RESULTSSemiquantitative proteinuria levels were significantly higher in EO-PE group compared to LO-PE group (p=0.000). Mean E-cadherin levels were significant lower in the EO-PE group (125.94 ± 54.22 pg/mg) compared to LO-PE group (157.95 ± 54.12 pg/mg) (p=0.024). However, there was no significance difference in median MMP-9 levels between EO-PE group and LO-PE group (p=0.376). CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrate that E-cadherin had lower levels in preeclampsia patients who gave birth <34 weeks. This study indicated that lower levels of e-cadherin can lead to early delivery in preeclampsia patients.
Viral load as a risk factor of reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug resistance mutation in antiretroviral-treated people living with HIV/AIDS Hutapea, Hotma Martogi Lorensi; Kridaningsih, Tri Nury; Prasetyo, Khoirul Huda; Antwi, Milton Boaheng
Universa Medicina Vol. 40 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2021.v40.243-253

Abstract

Background The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a major contagion faced by the population of Indonesia. The success of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is threatened by the emergence of drug resistance mutations (DRM). The aim of this study was to determine the association between CD4 count, CD4 count changes, viral load, adherence to therapy, and therapy history in the presence of DRM in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study involving 269 adults who underwent antiretroviral (ARV) therapy for at least 6 months. The frequencies of DRM and polymorphisms were measured by partial amplification of the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene using RT-nested PCR on samples with viral loads of >1000 copies/mL. Sequencing was performed using the Sanger method, and edited by BioEdit. The edited sequences were submitted to http://hivdb.stanford.edu for DRM determination. Respondents’ medical data, CD4 count, viral load, and DRM were analyzed by simple and multiple logistic regression. ResultsThe multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant association of CD4 count (aOR=12.47; 95% CI: 1.45 -107.39; p=0.023) and viral load at the time of study (aOR=29.56; 95% CI: 3.47-251.52; p=0.002) with the presence of DRM in respondents. ARV substitution history was not associated with the presence of DRM. There were 17 respondents (6.3%) carrying HIV-1 DRM, with M184V/I (11 sequences) as the most frequent pattern of NRTI resistance, and K103 (9 sequences) as that of NNRTI resistance. ConclusionThis study demonstrated that viral load at the time of the study was the most influential determinant factor for the presence of DRM in PLWHA.
Propranolol significantly reduced DNA polymerase β expression in patients with essential tremor Kandemir, Nefise; Kenanoglu, Sercan; Gultekin, Murat; Gokce, Nuriye; Akalin, Hilal; Taşçıoğlu, Nazife; Mirza, Meral; Koseoglu, Emel; Dundar, Munis
Universa Medicina Vol. 40 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2021.v40.207-215

Abstract

Background Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder. Propranolol is a first-line medication for ET. We aimed to evaluate the effect of propranolol on the expression of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and DNA polymerase beta (POLB) genes, which are known to be related to neurodegenerative diseases, in patients with ET. MethodsThirty-five healthy volunteers and thirty-five patients followed up with essential tremors were included in a non-randomized control experimental study. Expressions of PARP1 and POLB genes were compared between the control group and the patient group. In addition, pre- and post-treatment gene expression levels and Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor scale values of the patient group were compared after 8 weeks of propranolol treatment. The Wilcoxon rank and Mann Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. ResultsAt baseline, PARP1 expression was significantly lower in the ET group than in the control group. (p<0.001). POLB gene expression was significantly higher in the pre-treatment ET group than in the controls (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in PARP1 expression levels before and after 8 weeks of propranolol treatment. POLB gene expression was significantly higher in the pre-treatment group than in the post-treatment group (p<0.001). ConclusionPropranolol significantly decreased POLB gene expression but there was no significant difference in PARP1 gene expression levels in the patient group, after 8 weeks of propranolol treatment.
Pre-operative intraocular pressure as a predictor of post-operative intraocular pressure after phacoemulsification in non-glaucomatous patients Ernawati, Titiek; Hendrawan, Kevin Anggakusuma; Khudrati, Wilson Christianto; Samsudin, Kevin
Universa Medicina Vol. 41 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2022.v41.11-17

Abstract

BackgroundCataract has been known to cause high intraocular pressure which may lead to secondary glaucoma. Some anatomical changes in cataract patients are assumed to be factors contributing to increased intraocular pressure (IOP). The changes in IOP after cataract surgery tend to help surgeons to predict clinical outcomes. Therefore, IOP control is very important in these patients. This study aimed to determine the ocular biometric parameters and pressure-to-depth (PD) ratio associated with IOP in non-glaucomatous patients who undergo cataract surgery. MethodsA prospective study using secondary clinical data collected from 81 non-glaucomatous patients. Data were collected by examining each subject pre- and post-operatively. The changes in ocular biometry parameters and IOP were measured one week before surgery and 8 weeks after the surgery. Univariate and multivariate linear regression were performed to analyze the data. ResultsThe mean anterior chamber depth (ACD) change was 0.73 ± 0.16 mm, mean PD ratio was 5.04 ± 1.16, and the mean pre-operative IOP was 16.07 ± 2.92 mmHg, decreasing by 2.35 mm Hg (14.6 %) to 13.72 ± 3.42 mm Hg at 8 weeks postoperatively. Univariate linear regression results showed a significant correlation between PD ratio and post-operative IOP (p=0.000), but no significant association was observed between PD ratio and post-operative IOP in multiple linear regression (p=0.126). However, pre-operative IOP was significantly associated with post-operative IOP (Beta=1.244; p=0.004) ConclusionsOur data demonstrated that pre-operative IOP was the most influential risk factor of IOP reduction after phacoemulsification in non-glaucomatous patients.

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