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Paediatrica Indonesiana
ISSN : 00309311     EISSN : 2338476X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,127 Documents
Intravenous immune globulin in the management of sepsis in PICU RSAB Harapan Kita, Jakarta Guwansyah D. Mulyo; Martani Widjajanti
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 47 No 5 (2007): September 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (206.573 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi47.5.2007.226-8

Abstract

Background Sepsis is a major health problem and a leading causeof death among children. Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG)has been reported in systemic inflammatory conditions.Objective To determine the effectiveness of IVIG in the treatmentof sepsis in children.Methods This was a hospital-based, retrospective study conductedfrom 2000-2001. Sixty neonates and children under 18 years oldwith sepsis were classified to either received or not received IVIG.The IVIG and the non-IVIG groups were compared. Data wasobtained from medical records.Results Of 60 sepsis cases, 16 were neonates (7 received IVIG, 9did not), and 44 were infants and children (25 received IVIGand 19 did not). In neonates, IVIG had no influence on mortality(P=0.838), while in non-neonatal cases, it improved the survivalrate (P=0.010). The suitability of the 1st antibiotic influencedthe outcome and length of stay in neonatal cases (P=0.005), butnot in the non-neonatal group (P=0.111). Although in somecases the 1 st antibiotic was not suitable, IVIG seemed to hold theprocess for a while, giving more time to adjust to a suitableantibiotic according to the culture result.Conclusions The addition of IVIG to standard therapies revealedminimum effect but showed benefit in holding the process, andseemed to improve survival in children, but not in neonates.
Clinical and laboratory profiles of hepatitis C in hemophiliac children Hanifah Oswari; Ferry Damardjati S.P.; Djajadiman Gatot; Zakiudin Munasir; Julfina Bisanto
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 47 No 5 (2007): September 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (220.944 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi47.5.2007.229-33

Abstract

Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in hemophiliac receiving multiple coagulation factor transfusions before the introduction of donor screening and viral inactivation techniques. Information on the clinical profiles of HCV infection in children is still limited.Objective To describe clinical and laboratory profiles of HCV infection in hemophiliac children. Methods Patients registered at the Hemophilia Society of Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, who had positive anti-HCV were enrolled. None of them received antiviral treatment. All subjects infected by HCV before the age of 18 years and at least had positive anti-HCV test result for 6 months underwent clinical examination, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), platelets, and HCV RNA tests.Results Thirty nine subjects were available for review, with the median age of 15 years, and the mean age of the first time getting transfusion was 15 months. Twenty two (56%) of 39 subjects showed clinical manifestations. Liver and spleen enlargement were not found in any of the subjects. Ten (26%) subjects showed elevated ALT. Platelet count was within normal limit in all subjects. Twenty four (61%) patients had chronic hepatitis, whereas the remaining 15 (39%) subjects spontaneously cleared from HCV.Conclusions Pediatric HCV infection showed mild clinical manifestations. Sixty one percent subjects developed chronic hepatitis. The abnormality of laboratory finding may be associated with the future chronic liver disease.
Oral erythromycin for treatment of gastrointestinal dysmotility in premature infants Armelia Moesri; Bugis Mardina Lubis; Asrul Asrul; Atan Baas Sinuhaji; Guslihan Dasa Tjipta
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 47 No 5 (2007): September 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (206.252 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi47.5.2007.234-7

Abstract

Background Functional immaturity of gastrointestinal (GI)motility predisposes preterm infants to feeding intolerance.Erythromycin as a prokinetic agent has been given to preterminfants for the management of non-obstructive GI dysmotility.Objective To evaluate the efficacy of oral erythromycin for thetreatment of GI dysmotility in preterm infants.Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial was done at AdamMalik Hospital and Pirngadi Hospital, Medan, between October2004 – March 2005. Fifty preterm infants with feeding intolerancewere randomly assigned to either receive oral erythromycin (12.5mg/kg, every 6 hours) or placebo for 7 days. Improved tolerancefor enteral feedings was evaluated by the amount of gastric residuebefore feeding.Results On the sixth day, there was a significant difference in theamount of residue from gastric residue between the oralerythromycin group and placebo group (mean 21.7 and 29.4;P<0.05) and so were results on the seventh day (mean 14.1 and26.9; P<0.05).Conclusion Oral erythromycin reduces the amount of gastricresidue before feed in premature infants.
Comparison of blood pressure of senior high school students in the inner and outer city of Medan Johannes H. Saing; Ridwan M. Daulay; Rafita Ramayati; Rusdidjas Rusdidjas
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 47 No 6 (2007): November 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (332.816 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi47.6.2007.247-51

Abstract

Background Blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescentsdepends on multiple factors, both genetic and environmental suchas gender, age, body weight and height, obesity, life style,socioeconomic status, etc. Surveillance of families in Medan(2000) reported that the socioeconomic status in the outer citywas lower than in the inner city; other factors that influence BPof adolescents may also be different.Objective To compare the prevalence of hypertension betweensenior high school students in the inner and outer city of Medan.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on 250 studentsselected randomly from four senior high schools in Medan, each2 schools from inner and outer city. This study was done betweenJune and August 2003. BP measurement was done in the morningat 08.00 – 12.00 o’clock before the subjects got exercises. BPmeasurements were done three times according to Task Force onBlood Pressure 1996 recommendation. The average of systolicand diastolic was considered as BP of the subjects.Results Systolic and diastolic BPs of the female students in theouter city (115.3/80.0 mmHg) were higher than those of thefemale students in the inner city (111.2/71.8 mmHg) and thedifference was statistically significant (P=0.008 and P=0.014),but not for the male students. The prevalence of hypertension inthe inner and outer city of Medan was 6.0% and 8.4%, respectively.Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in the outer city wasabit higher than that in the inner city. The averages of systolicand diastolic BPs of female students in the outer city were higherthan those of the female students in the inner city of Medan.
Relationship between atopic manifestations, family history of atopic disease and cord blood IgE levels in children Tisnasari Hafsah; Myrna Soepriadi; Budi Setiabudiawan; Herry Garna
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 47 No 6 (2007): November 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (442.624 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi47.6.2007.278-82

Abstract

Background The incidence of atopic disease tends to increaseover the past few decades and its morbidity interferes with thequality of life and health. Prediction of the disease is importantfor early prevention.Objective To evaluate the relationship between atopicmanifestations, family history (FH) of atopic disease and cordblood IgE (CB-IgE) levels.Methods We conducted an analytic observational study withcohort retrospective design on children with an average age of 3years whose CB-IgE had been measured at delivery inKiaracondong Primary Health Care during October–December2004. Manifestations of atopic disease were recorded using ISAACquestionaire for allergy. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney test, andlogistic regression analysis were used for analysis.Results Cord blood IgE was measured on 124 children after birth.Only 94 children (76%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Atopicdisease was found in 17 children (18%), consisting of 8 childrenwith atopic dermatitis, 4 with allergic rhinitis, and 5 suffered fromboth. There were significant differences in the mean value of CB-IgE (Z M-W =4.60; P<0.001) and FH (x 2 =19.059; P<0.001)between atopic and non atopic children. Cut off point of the CB-IgE concentration was 1.4 IU/mL (77.7%). The highest probabilityfor atopic manifestations was found in children who had highCB-IgE and positive FH (P=45%). Relative risk of children withhigh CB-IgE level in positive FH group was 3.636 (95% CI0.943;14.016).Conclusion CB-IgE level and family history of atopic disease arerisk factors for the development of atopic manifestation.
Liquid crystal thermometry for early detection of hypothermia in newborns in neonatology ward, Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta Tunjung Wibowo; Dwikisworo Setyowireni; A. Samik Wahab
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 48 No 1 (2008): January 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (620.116 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi48.1.2008.5-9

Abstract

Background Hypothermia in neonates increases the risk ofmortality and morbidity such as infection, coagulation disorders,acidosis and hyaline membrane disease. Mercury thermometer iscommonly used to detect hypothermia in newborns, but it has itis not ecological acceptable, difficult to be sterilized, easily broken,difficult to find in some developing countries and needs sometraining before use. A simple, effective and easily used tool fordetection of hypothermia in newborns is needed.Objective To evaluate the ability of liquid crystal thermometry(LCT) in early detection of newborn hypothermia.Methods This study was conducted in the neonatology ward,Sardjito Hospital. The LCT was placed on the abdominal wall.Digital thermometer measurement and LCT observation wereconducted three times in each patient. LCT’s color and bodytemperature were documented by using a pre-coded questionnaire.Results A total of 268 newborns met the inclusion and exclusioncriteria. The pilot study showed that the inter-observer agreementof LCT was 0.75. Positive likelihood ratio during threemeasurements were 22.9 (95%CI 11.47;45.78), 18.97 (95%CI9.43;38.16) and 22.8 (95%CI 11.34;45.83) respectively.Conclusion LCT exhibits good accuracy and is safe to diagnosehypothermia in newborn.
Results of proteinuria measurement using semiquantitative dipstick in children with fever or nephrotic syndrome Chatidjah Alaydrus; Yati Soenarto; M. P. Damanik
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 48 No 1 (2008): January 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (380.831 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi48.1.2008.10-4

Abstract

Background Proteinuria is a major determinant of the progressionof renal disease. Quantitative measurement of proteinuria withina 24-hour period of urine collection was the accepted method ofevaluation, but is tedious and prone to error in the absence of areliable collection. We evaluated the diagnostic value of AUTIONSticks 10 TA to diagnose proteinuria in children with fever andnephrotic syndrome.Methods This study was conducted at the pediatric ward of SardjitoHospital. Proteinuria levels were measured using semiquantitativedipstick methods with AUTION Sticks 10 TA using a 24-hoururine sample collected at the first examination until the followingday. Proteinuria level was also measured by Esbach method as goldstandard.Results A total of 120 children aged 16 years old were recruited. Inthe fever group, AUTION Sticks 10 TA couldn’t be used for thediagnostic test. AUTION Sticks 10 TA +2 to diagnose intermediateproteinuria produced a sensitivity of 60%, a specificity of 89%, apositive predictive value of 43% , a negative predictive value of94%, a positive likelihood ratio of 5.4, a negative likelihood ratio of0.45. To diagnose nephrotic proteinuria, AUTION Sticks 10 TA+3/+4 produced a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 91%, a positivepredictive value of 96%, a negative predictive value of 77%, apositive likelihood ratio of 10, a negative likelihood ratio of 0.11.Conclusion AUTION Sticks 10 TA +2 is sufficiently accuratefor a diagnostic test of intermediate proteinuria (Esbach value)while +3/+4 is sufficiently accurate for a diagnostic test ofnephrotic proteinuria (Esbach value) in children. In the fevergroup, dipstick result can not explain the Esbach value.
The duration of playing Play Station@ as a risk factor of obesity in school age children in Yogyakarta Ely Yulian; Endy Paryanto; Sunartini Hapsara
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 48 No 1 (2008): January 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (276.302 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi48.1.2008.15-7

Abstract

Background Childhood obesity is a common health problem.There are multi-factors causing childhood obesity. One of themis lack of activity like watching television, playing computer, andplaying Play Station@ .Objective The aim of this study was to find the duration ofplaying Play Station@ as a risk factor of obesity in school agechildren.Methods This study was a case–control study with individualmatching, that was done since April 2004 until August 2004.Results Children who spent time for playing Play Station@ morethan two hours per day had the risk of obesity 22 times higherthan those who spent less than two hours per day with 95%confidence interval. These results were analyzed with chi squaretest.Conclusion Playing Play Station@ is a risk factor of obesity inschool age children.
Inverse association between positive tuberculin tests and positive allergy skin tests in children Nur Rochmah; Dyahris Kuntartiwi; Anang Endaryanto; Aryanto Harsono
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 49 No 1 (2009): January 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (96.142 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi49.1.2009.7-10

Abstract

Background  The  association between  Mycobacterium  tuberculosisinfection  and  atopy remains controversial. Reaction to tuberculosisinfection  is  mediated  by  Th-1  immune responses whereas allergicreactions are mediated  by  Th- 2 immune response. In patients withatopic syndrome who also suffer from tuberculosis infection,  theTh-2  response will be suppressed  and  allergy manifestations willdecrease. Therefore, it  is  important to determine the appropriateallergy test and to predict outcome after completing tuberculosistreatment.Objective  To  evaluate the influence  of  a positive tuberculin teston  skin test results in diagnosing atopic disease.Methods  A cross sectional study was  conducted  in  the  pediatricallergy  outpatient  clinic, Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesiabetween 2004  and  2007. Eighty-five patients were enrolled inthis study.  The  tuberculin test was performed  on  all patientswith allergy.  The  allergy test was carried  out  by  performing a skinscratch test.Results  There  was a weak inverse correlation between positivetuberculin tests and positive allergy skin tests in children (housedust  mite, food  and  pet  allergies).  The  correlation between apositive  tuberculin  test  and  house  dust  mite allergy test wasr:  -0.364  (P=O.OOl;  a=O.Ol).  The  correlation  between  thetuberculin  test  and  food allergies was  r:  -0.420  (P=O.OOl;a=O.Ol).  The  correlation between the tuberculin test  and  petallergies was  r:  -0.344  (P=  0.001;  a=O.Ol).Conclusions  A positive tuberculin test  is  weakly correlated withpositive allergy skin test results, suggesting  that  it  is  appropriate  todo allergy skin testing even in children with a positive tuberculintest.
Relationship between newborn mid-upper-arm circumference and birth weight Muhammad Anwar Taufiq; Djauriah A. Madjid; J. S. Lisal; Dasril Daud
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 49 No 1 (2009): January 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (123.635 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi49.1.2009.11-4

Abstract

Background  Recording  an  accurate  birth  weight  by  primaryhealth care workers has been a problem in rural areas, leadingto a search  for  an alternative, inexpensive, age independent andnoninvasive method to predict neonatal well being. Mid-upper-armcircumference (MUAC) might be  an  alternative anthropometricmeasurement useful  to  estimate the state of nutrition.Objective  To  evaluate  the  relationship  between  MUAC  andbirth weight  in  low birth weight (LBW) and normal birth weight(NBW) infants.Methods  We  measured birth weight and  MUAC  of  newbornbabies  of  various gestational ages  at  Siti Fatimah Maternity  andChildren's Hospital  and  Dr.  Wahidin Sudirohusodo  GeneralHospital, Makassar,  South  Sulawesi, Indonesia.  Correlationtests and diagnostic accuracy using different cut-off points wereperformedResults There were 892 live birth newborns (117 LBW and  775NBW) included in the study.  The  sensitivity, specificity, positivepredictive value, and negative value  for  MUACs  of<  10.3  em  were94.9  %,  99.9%, 99.1%, and 99.2%, respectively.  The  sensitivity,specificity, positive predictive value, and negative value  for  MUAC< 10.4  em  were 99.1  %,  99.6%, 97.5%, and 99.9%, respectively.The  sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negativevalue for MUAC < 10.5  em  were 100%,99.4%, 95.9%, and 100%,respectively.Conclusion  There  is  a strong correlation between  MUAC  andbirth weight. Birth weight can be predicted with the followingequation: Birth weight= -1776.383  +  (416.95 newborn  MUACvalue).  The  optimal cut-off point  for  the newborn MUAC value  forLBW infants  is<  10.5 em.

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