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INDONESIA
GIZI INDONESIA
Published by DPP PERSAGI Jakarta
ISSN : 04360265     EISSN : 25285874     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) is an open access, peer-reviewed and inter-disciplinary journal managed by The Indonesia Nutrition Association (PERSAGI). Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) has been accredited by Indonesian Institute of Sciences since 2004. Gizi Indonesia aims to disseminate the information about nutrition, therefore it is expected that it can improve insight and knowledge in nutrition to all communities and academics. Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) offers a specific forum for advancing scientific and professional knowledge of the nutrition field among practitioners as well as academics in public health and researchers
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 538 Documents
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PENILAIAN STATUS VITAMIN A SECARA BIOKIMIA Permaesih, Dewi
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 31, No 2 (2008): September 2008
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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Abstract

VITAMIN A ASSESSMENT BY BIOCHEMICAL METHODSVitamin A has an important preventive effects on maternal and child mortality. Vitamin A deficiency(VAD) is one of the most devastating dietary deficiencies. Several methods are available to assessVAD. Tradisionally, clinical signs and symptoms of xerophthalmia were used to identify theseverity of population with vitamin A deficiency. Biochemical assessment methods availablewhich include serum retinol, serum retinol binding protein, serum retinyl ester, serum carotenoids,dose response test, the deuterated retinol isotope dilution test and breast milk retinolconcentrations. The determination of of retinol in blood (serum retinol concentrations) is one of themost frequently used methods, have been used extensively to identify populations at risk ofvitamin A deficiency. However, this method has several limitations. The major drawback of serumretinol is taking blood samples are required. Beside that, serum retinol is decreased only in severVAD, when liver stores are nearly exhausted. Because the majority of vitamin A in the body isstored in the liver, then the tests to measure vitamin A stores should be developed in order toknow the vitamin A status. Vitamin A concentration in breast milk is a prospective indicator ofVAD. Breast milk collection is less invasive and usually easier than blood drawing, do not have tobe further processed at the field station, thus shortening sample preparation. For the futureindicator of vitamin A, methods that are in development include using isotope dilution.Keywords: breast milk retinol, serum retinol, vitamin A analysis
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KUALITAS DIET, SOSIO-DEMOGRAFI, DAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP PENGENDALIAN GULA DARAH PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DI RUMAH SAKIT KANUJOSO DJATIWIBOWO (RSKD) BALIKPAPAN Gardiarini, Praseptia; Sudargo, Toto; Pramantara, I Dewa Putu
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 40, No 2 (2017): September 2017
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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Abstract

Pengendalian gula darah yang buruk, dapat memperparah terjadinya penyakit. Kualitas diet merupakan faktor penting dalam pengendalian gula darah, pengendalian gula yang baik dapat menghindarkan penderita diabetes dari kemungkinan komplikasi lebih lanjut. Kualitas diet, sosio-demografi dan dukungan keluarga akan berdampak terhadap manajemen penyakit DM, hubungan diantara ketiga hal tersebut belum pernah diteliti sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kaitan kualitas diet, faktor sosio-demografi dan dukungan keluarga dengan pemeliharaan gula darah pada pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Kanujoso Djatiwibowo Balikpapan. Studi Cross-sectional digunakan untuk mengetahui kaitan antara kualitas diet, faktor sosio-demografi dan dukungan keluarga terhadap pengedalian gula darah. Diet Quality Index- International (DQI-I) digunakan untuk menilai kualitas diet, kuesioner Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale (HDFSS) digunakan untuk mengetahui dukungan keluarga. Path regression digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas diet, sosio-demografi dan dukungan keluarga terhadap HbA1c. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skor kualitas diet yang dicapai subjek penelitian mencapai rata-rata 55.97 ± 6.1. Pendapatan dan pendidikan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan pada kualitas diet yaitu 6,55 persen dan 7,11 persen (p<0,05). Tidak ditemui hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan pendapatan dan kualitas diet pada kadar HbA1c. Kesimpulan dari penelitian bahwa pendidikan dan pendapatan memiliki pengaruh pada skor kualitas diet. Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara kualitas diet, faktor sosio demografi dan dukungan keluarga terhadap kadar HbA1c.ABSTRACT  The Association of Diet Quality, Sosiodemography, Family Support with Blood Glucose Control among Type 2 Diabetes Patients at RS. Kanujoso Djatiwibowo (RSKD) in BalikpapanDiet Quality is an important factor to control blood glucose and it could avoid the patient of DM type 2 from complication. Socio-demography factors and family support could help patients in managing DM type 2. The objective of the study is to understand the relationship of diet quality, socio-demography factors, and family support for controlling blood glucose in patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 at Kanujoso Djatiwibowo Hospital. A cross-sectional study was used in this study to know the relationship of diet quality, socio-demography factors, and family support to control blood glucose. Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) was used to assess diet quality of all subjects. Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale (HDFSS) questionnaire was used to know family support. Data were analyzed using regression path to know the relationship of diet quality, socio-demography factors, and family support to HbA1c. The result showed that all subjects had scores of diet quality approximately 55.97 ± 6.1. Income and education level factors had a significant relationship with diet quality, i.e 6.55 percent and 7.11 percent (p<0.05). There was an inverse relationship between family support and HbA1c level. Income and education level factors have affected on diet quality. No correlation found between diet quality, socio-demography factors and family support with HbA1c level. Keywords: Diet quality, family support, DM type 2, HbA1c
EFEK STATUS TIROKSINEMIA MATERNALTERHADAP TONUS DAN REFLEK BAYI: Studi kohor di daerah endemik deficiency iodium Budiman, Basuki
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 32, No 2 (2009): September 2009
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Abstract

THE EFFECT MATERNAL THYROXINEMIA TO MUSCLE TONES AND REFLEXES OF THE NEW BORN: A Cohort study in endemic iodine deficiencyStudies have shown that iodine deficiency during pregnancy has adverse effects on braindevelopment of the new born and some period thereafter. However, study on the effect ofthyroxinemia during trimester II to muscle tones and primitive reflexes of the infant in human isscarce. The objective of the study is to determine the association of the thyroxinemia during secondtrimester of pregnancy on neuropsychomotor development of new born. Enrollment of participants,namely pregnant mothers start in trimester II and measured periodically every month until delivered.The mothers were examined their health. Neurological examination of new born was also conductedevery month until 24 months old. The study revealed that maternal thyroxinemia during trimester IIsignificantly associated with muscle tones and primitive reflexes of new born (OR: 5.61 (2,32-13.52)p=0,000), however maternal TSH, EIU and Hb did not show the relationship. The neonatal TSH andmaternal goiter showed the relationship significantly OR: 2,25 (1,12-4,56) p=0,025 and OR 2,84 (1,56-5,20) p=0,001 respectively, but not for reflex of leg abduction dan foot dorsilation of the new born.The effect seem to continue along with the increasing infant’s age.Keywords: maternal thyroxinemia, primitive reflex, TSH, UIE, Hb, Odd Ratio
FAKTOR RISIKO ANEMIA IBU HAMIL TERHADAP PANJANG BADAN LAHIR PENDEK DI PUSKESMAS SENTOLO 1 KULON PROGO D.I.YOGYAKARTA Destarina, Rolla
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 41, No 1 (2018): Maret 2018
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Abstract

Anemia is a condition in which the hemoglobin (Hb) level in the blood is below normal. Hb plays an important role in transporting oxygen through the body. If the mother is anemic, the oxygen cycle in the body is reduced and will result in the increased of metabolic rate during pregnancy. Anemia during pregnancy will increase risk factors in inhibiting growth and low birth weight (LBW), premature birth, infant mortality, perinatal death and reduce body defenses to infection either in mother and child. This study aimed to determine the anemia status of pregnancy is a risk factor for producing stunting at birth  in Puskesmas Sentolo 1 Kulon Progo. The sample of 192 babies were employed, 64 babies with short birth lenght for case group and control group covered 128 babies with normal birth lenght. Data obtained through data from Puskesmas medical record in 2016 then analyzed by using the case-control approach. The independent variable is the anemia status of pregnant mother while the dependent variabel is the length of birth. The data were analysed by using Chi-Square test to find out the correlation between of maternal anemia status with short birth lenght, then to identify risk factor using Odd-Ratio. The result of the study indicated that there was a relationship between anemia status of pregnant woman and short-stature at birth marked by p-value = 0,000 (p <0.05). In addition, the anemia status of pregnant woman is a risk factor for short  body length at birth (OR = 4.31; 95% CI = 2.28 - 8.15). Conclusion, anemia status of pregnant woman is a risk factor for stunting at birth in Puskesmas Sentolo 1 Kulon Progo.ABSTRAK Anemia adalah kondisi dimana kadar hemoglobin (Hb) dalam darah dibawah normal. Hb berperan didalam pengangkutan Oksigen ke seluruh tubuh. Jika Ibu mengalami anemia, maka siklus Oksigen di dalam tubuh berkurang dan akan mengakibatkan teganggunya metabolisme yang meningkat selama proses kehamilan. Anemia selama masa kehamilan akan meningkatkan faktor risiko dalam menghambat pertumbuhan dan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR), kelahiran prematur, kematian bayi dalam kandungan, kematian perinatal dan pertahanan tubuh berkurang yang mengakibatkan infeksi terhadap ibu dan anaknya. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui status anemia ibu hamil merupakan faktor risiko terhadap panjang badan lahir pendek di Puskesmas Sentolo 1 Kulon Progo. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 192 bayi dengan kelompok kasus sebanyak 64 bayi dengan panjang badan lahir pendek dan kelompok kontrol sejumlah 128 dengan panjang badan lahir normal. Data diperoleh dengan menyalin dari rekam medis Puskesmas tahun 2016 kemudian dianalisa menggunakan pendekatan case control. Variabel bebas adalah status anemia ibu hamil sedangkan variabel terikat adalah panjang badan lahir. Pengolahan data menggunakan uji Chi-Square untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara status anemia ibu hamil dengan panjang badan lahir, kemudian untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko menggunakan Odd-Ratio. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara status anemia ibu hamil dengan panjang badan lahir pendek ditandai dengan nilai p value= 0,000 (p < 0,05). Selain itu, status anemia ibu hamil menjadi faktor risiko panjang badan lahir pendek (OR=4,31;95% CI=2,28 – 8,15). Kesimpulan dari penelitian bahwa status anemia ibu hamil menjadi faktor risiko panjang badan lahir pendek di Puskesmas Sentolo 1 Kulon Progo. Kata kunci: anemia, ibu hamil, panjang badan lahir, stunting
THE OBESE MAN TO OBESE YEAST Pawestri, Hana Apsari; Trubenová, Barbora
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 33, No 2 (2010): September 2010
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Abstract

OBESITAS MOLEKULER PADA MANUSIA, AVERTEBRATA, DAN KHAMIRDalam beberapa tahun terakhir, obesitas telah menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di negara maju, dengan Amerika Serikat ada di urutan teratas. Meskipun terjadi perbaikan besar pada faktor sanitasi, perawatan kebidanan dan vaksinasi, tetapi usia harapan hidup menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya obesitas. Saat ini, obesitas merupakan epidemi global yang memengaruhi orang dewasa dan anak-anak, dan secara signifikan berhubungan dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Epidemi ini disebabkan oleh pergeseran besar penduduk ke pusat-pusat perkotaan, keterlibatan dalam pekerjaan dan aktivitas hidup santai, serta berlimpahnya makanan olahan padat-energi. Gaya hidup modern yang dianut oleh mayoritas penduduk di perkotaan sulit untuk mengurangi obesitas secara signifikan sehingga diperlukan upaya lain seperti terapi secara farmakokinetis dan pemahaman lebih dalam untuk mengendalikan nafsu makan dan asupan makanan. Gaya hidup dan faktor keturunan berperan penting terhadap timbulnya obesitas. Penelitian terhadap mutasi genetika pada manusia dan model organisme memberikan dasar-dasar wawasan tentang proses fisiologis kompleks dalam penguraian metabolisme lemak. Penelitian terbaru dari khamir Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cacing Caenorhabditis elegans, lalat buah Drosophila melanogaster dan ikan zebra Danio rerio menunjukkan bahwa organisme tingkat rendah seperti metazoa memiliki atribut unik yang dapat membantu mengidentifikasi, menyelidiki, bahkan memvalidasi target baru dalam dunia farmasi untuk penyakit-penyakit yang berhubungan dengan metabolisme.Kata kunci: obesitas, keturunan, penyakit metabolik
HUBUNGAN PROGRAM KELOMPOK PENDUKUNG IBU TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN PRAKTIK PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF Susilo, Joko; Kurdanti, Weni; Siswati, Tri
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 35, No 1 (2012): Maret 2012
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Abstract

Praktek pemberian ASI di Indonesia masih buruk, masyarakat masih sering beranggapan bahwa menyusui hanya  urusan  ibu  dan  bayinya.  Kelompok  Pendukung  (KP)  Ibu  dilakukan  untuk  meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang ASI Eksklusif dan praktek pemberian ASI  Eksklusif, serta memungkinkan petugas kesehatan  untuk  melakukan  pendampingan  teknis  yang  akhirnya  akan  meningkatkan  cakupan  ASI Eksklusif.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas program Kelompok Pendukung (KP) Ibuterhadap  perilaku  pemberian  ASI  Eksklusif.  Penelitian  ini  merupakan  penelitian  observas ional  dengan rancangan  Kohort  yang  dilaksanakan  pada  bulan  Juli  s.d. Desember  2011  di  wilayah  kerja  Puskesmas Kasihan  II  Kabupaten  Bantul.  Sampel   ditentukan  dengan  cara  purposive  sampling,  dengan  ketentuan bayi  usia  3-4  bulan,  masih  memberikan  ASI  saja,  tinggal  di  wilayah  kerja  Puskesmas  Kasihan  II  dan bersedia mengikuti penelitian. Kriteria eksklusinya adalah ibu dengan penyakit kronis yang mengganggu pemberian ASI  eksklusif  dan menyusui lebih dari 1 bayi (bayi kembar). Jumlah tiap-tiap kelompok subyek(KP-Ibu dan Non KP-Ibu) adalah 35 orang, dengan melakukan  matching untuk umur. Penempatan kedalam kelompok  KP  dan  Non  KP  dilakukan  secara  acak.  Data  dianalisis  dengan  t  test  dan  chi  square.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat  hubungan  yang nyata  perlakuan KP Ibu terhadap pengetahuan tentang ASI untuk responden yang berpendidikan rendah, tidak bekerja (sebagai ibu rumah tangga), dan yang mendapatkan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini  (IMD). Sebaliknya untuk responden yang berpendidikan tinggi, bekerja, dan tidak mendapat Inisiasi menyusu  dini, hubungan  ini tidak nyata.  Kesimpulannya, kelompok pendukung  ibu  untuk  mensukseskan  pemberian  ASI  eksklusif  (praktek  menyusu)  sangat  bermanfaat dalam  meningkatkan  pengetahuan  ibu  tentang  ASI  pada  responden  yang  berpendidikan  rendah,  tidak bekerja (sebagai ibu rumah tangga saja), dan yang mendapatkan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini. Kata kunci: KP-Ibu, pengetahuan ASI, praktek ASI eksklusif
POLA KONSUMSI ANAK UMUR 6 BULAN – 12 TAHUN DI INDONESIA Sumedi, Edith; Widodo, Yekti; Sandjaja, nFN
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 36, No 2 (2013): September 2013
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Abstract

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak berada dalam pengaruh dan pengasuhan orang tuanya, dan gizi merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan, kesehatan dan perkembangan anak. Salah satu penyebab tingginya prevalensi kurang gizi di Indonesia adalah kurang baiknya pola asuh anak, pola konsumsi anak, dan ketersediaan makan keluarga. South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS) di Indonesia dilaksanakan di 48 kabupaten mencakup 7211 anak 6 bulan - 12 tahun. Pola konsumsi anak menggunakan Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) melalui wawancara pola kebiasaan makan satu bulan terakhir meliputi frekuensi jenis makanan sehari, seminggu atau sebulan, cara pengolahan dan cara penyajian, merek (jika ada) berdasarkan kelompok sumber zat gizi yaitu makanan pokok, protein hewani dan nabati, sayur, buah, jajanan, minuman dan susu. Analisis data deskriptif yang menurut daerah dan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok umur 6-11 bulan, 1-2 tahun, 3-5 tahun, 6-8 tahun dan 9-12 tahun. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pola konsumsi anak umur 6-11 bulan hampir sama di kota maupun di desa. Variasi bahan makanan lebih banyak dijumpai pada kelompok umur yang lebih tua dan terdapat perbedaan pola makan antara perkotaan dan perdesaan. Konsumsi makanan pokok tidak berbeda antara perkotaan dan perdesaan. Frekuensi makan sayur dan buah masih rendah di kedua daerah. Anak di perkotaan lebih sering mengonsumsi daging unggas, daging sapi, telur, tahu, bayam, wortel, susu/produk susu, minuman gelas/serbuk, sedangkan di perdesaan lebih sering mengonsumsi ikan laut, tempe, kangkung, jajanan ‘chiki’ dan sejenisnya. Masih diperlukan peningkatan perilaku hidup sehat dengan memperbaiki pola makan gizi seimbang.ABSTRACT FOOD PATTERN OF INDONESIAN CHILDREN 6 MONTH - 12 YEAR OF AGE Child growth and development under the nurture and care of their parents, and nutrition as a factor in growth, health and development of children. Many factors associated with high prevalence of malnutrition are caring pattern of children, inadequate food consumptions and food patterns, and household food availability. The South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS) in Indonesia conducted in 48 districts collected data on food consumption pattern of 7,211 children 6 month - 12 year of age. Food consumption pattern was collected by using food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) to describe food habits based on daily, weekly, and monthly frequency of food items by interviewing mothers. Food items collected from all food groups such as foods source of carbohydrates, animal and plant proteins, vitamin and mineral source from vegetables and fruits, milk and milk products, snacks, and beverages. Descriptive analysis was used to describe food consumption pattern by residence and 5 age groups 6-11 month, 1-2, 3-5, 6-8, and 9-12 year of age. Result showed similarity of food consumption pattern in urban and rural area in youngest age group. The variety of food items consumed by older age groups is more than those in younger ones, and as also found in urban than rural areas. There was similarity in staple food and less consumption of vegetable and fruit in urban than rural areas across age groups. The frequency of white meat, red meat, egg, tofu, spinach, carrot, dairy products, and beverages was higher in urban than rural areas. The frequency of salty fish, tempeh, swamp cabbage, “chiki’ snack was higher in rural than urban areas. Healthy living and balance diet (Gizi Seimbang) promotion of all food groups particularly vegetable and fruit should be revitalized.  Keywords: food pattern, food frequency, Indonesian children
IRON-ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN KUPANG CITY, EAST TIMOR PROVINCE. Indriastuti Kurniawan, Yustina Anie; Muslimatun, Siti
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 28, No 2 (2005): September 2005
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Abstract

Anemia is the main micronutrient deficiency problem among adolescent girls in Indonesia. Anemia due to iron deficiency often coexists with zinc deficiency. Both iron deficiency anemia and zinc deficiency can increase the risk of obstetric complications among pregnant women i.e. bleeding during labor and post-partum hemorrhage. Iron-folate supplementation among pregnant women had been conducting since long time ago throughout this country; however, effort to improve the nutritional status particularly among adolescent girls prior to pregnancy is still lack behind. Iron and zinc have antagonistic interaction. Therefore it was challenging to alleviate anemia problem among adolescent girls with appropriate ratio of iron-zinc supplementation, and will give a benefit to improve their nutritional status. This study was aimed to investigate the different ratios of ironzinc supplementation on reducing the prevalence of anemia as improving the nutritional status of adolescent school girls.A female elementary school students age 10-12 years old (n= 137) were screened in rural area of Kupang City, East Timor Province. Subjects were assigned randomly to one of the three groups for daily iron-zinc supplementation for 12 weeks; Group 1 (iron; 60 mg/day), Group 2 (iron and zinc; 30 mg and 15 mg/day), Group 3 (iron and zinc; 60 mg and 15 mg/day). Hemoglobin concentration was measured by cyanmethemoglobin method (Hemocue) to determine the prevalence of anemia (Hb level < 120 g/L), while anthropometric assessment was conducted for measuring weight and height to determine the nutritional status. General characteristics was assessed through interview. At base line, 29.1% of subjects suffered from anemia and in general, the prevalence was reduced to around 13.1% after they took iron supplements with or without zinc. Hemoglobin concentration was significantly increased among all subjects euther suffered from anemia or not. The result of this study showed that subject who received iron/zinc supplement with ratio 4: 1 for 12 weeks asa “blanket approach” significantly increased hemoglobin conc. higher than to who received iron alone. Similar result occurred when supplement was received to anemic adolescent. Although there were significantly increased of weight, height and BMI for age among all groups, the percentage of subjects were underweight, stunted and wasted remains high after supplementation that 54.6%, 36.9% and 39.2% respectively. Anemia seems to be a health problem among adolescent school girls in Kupang City, East Timor Province and iron-zinc supplementation with appropriate ratio is promising to increase hemoglobin level. A large scale of cohort study was recommended for female student, to investigate the effect iron/zinc supplementation with ratio 2: 1 on iron, zinc status and growth performance among adolescent girls.Key Words: Iron, Zinc, Adolescent, Girls
PENGARUH KONSUMSI MINYAK GORENG YANG DIFORTIFIKASI VITAMIN A TERHADAP KADAR RETINOL AIR SUSU IBU Permaesih, Dewi; Rosmalina, Yuniar; Tanumiharjo, Sherry A
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 37, No 2 (2014): September 2014
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Abstract

 Air Susu Ibu (ASI) merupakan sumber energi, zat gizi penting, air, faktor imun, dan komponen lain yang diperlukan bayi yang memberi perlindungan pada bayi agar tidak kekurangan zat gizi termasuk kekurangan vitamin A. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pemberian minyak goreng yang difortifikasi vitamin A dan minyak goreng biasa pada ibu nifas di masyarakat. Ibu nifas dengan umur bayi 14-28 hari dipilih secara acak untuk menerima minyak goreng yang difortifikasi atau tidak difortikasi selama 80 hari dan diikuti periode “wash out” selama 10 hari. Setelah intervensi selesai, rerata kadar retinol dalam Air Susu Ibu pada kedua kelompok menurun, masing masing 3,6 µg/dL untuk kelompok fortifikasi dibandingkan dengan 5,3µg/dL pada kelompok tidak fortifikasi. Tidak ada perbedaan rerata kadar retinol yang nyata pada kedua kelompok tersebut. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kelompok yang mendapat minyak goreng yang difortifikasi sedikit lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan dengan kelompok yang mendapat minyak yang tidak difortifikasi, karena penurunan kadar vitamin A-nya lebih kecil.ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN A FORTIFIED COOKING OIL ON BREASTMILK RETINOL STATUS Breastmilk is a source of energy, essential nutrients including vitamin A, water, immune factors, and many other components that are beneficial for infants. Breastmilk protects babies against vitamin A deficiency. The efficacy of maternal postpartum intervention with Vitamin A Fortified Cooking Oil on breast milk retinol concentration were assessed based on double-blind community trial. At 14-28 days postpartum women were randomly assigned to receive either Vitamin A fortified cooking oil or non fortified cooking oil for 80 days followed by wash out period of 10 days. After intervention, the mean of breast milk retinol concentration in both groups decreased, 3,6 µg/dL compared with 5,3 µg/dL, however, they were not significantly different among two groups. This implied that the group received fortified cooking oil was more advantaged than other group who received non fortified cooking oilKeywords: breast milk retinol, postpartum women, fortification 
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN FRUKTO-OLIGOSAKARIDA (FOS) PADA MP-ASI TERHADAP KEJADIAN DIARE DAN PERTUMBUHAN BAYI UMUR 6-12 BULAN (Studi eksperimen lapangan di Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat) Widjojo, Sunarno Ranu; F, Agus; Utomo, Budi; L. Achadi, Endang
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 29, No 2 (2006): September 2006
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Abstract

THE EFFECT OF FOS SUPPLEMENTATION TO COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING IN DIARRHEA CASES AND GROWTH IN BABY 6-12 MONTHThe overall objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of adding fructo oligosaccharides (FOS) to complementary foods on the frequency and duration of diarrheal episodes and physical growth of 6-12 month old infants. The study was a double-blind randomized controlled trial carried out in the District of Bogor, Indonesia in 2004. Enrollees were 6-month old infants. Subjects were allocated to one of three study groups: Group FOS 4.0 received complementary food (CF) with 4.0% FOS added, Group FOS 3.2 received CF with 3.2% FOS, and Group FOS 0.0 received CF with no FOS. Infants received CF daily during the 6-month duration of the study. Among 192 infants enrolled, 163 had complete data for analysis. The results of the analysis on the cumulative number of general episode of diarrhea showed that only the FOS 3.2 group had significantly fewer episodes than the FOS 0.0 group with 1.10±1.30 episode and 1.73±1.90 episode respectively (p=0,02). Analysis on the number of episodes with <=2 days of duration of diarrhea showed both FOS 4.0 and FOS 3.2 groups had significantly fewer episodes than the FOS 0.0 group, with 0,62+0,97 for the FOS 4.0 group, 0,62±1,17 for the FOS 3.2 group, and 1,21±1,59 for the FOS 0.0 group (P<=0,02). The significant effect of FOS appeared after 4 months of intervention and continued up to 12 months of age. The analysis showed no significant effect of FOS on the cumulative duration of diarrhea and on the physical growth of the babies.Keywords: babies, MP-ASI, FOS, diarrhea, and physical growth

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