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INDONESIA
GIZI INDONESIA
Published by DPP PERSAGI Jakarta
ISSN : 04360265     EISSN : 25285874     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) is an open access, peer-reviewed and inter-disciplinary journal managed by The Indonesia Nutrition Association (PERSAGI). Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) has been accredited by Indonesian Institute of Sciences since 2004. Gizi Indonesia aims to disseminate the information about nutrition, therefore it is expected that it can improve insight and knowledge in nutrition to all communities and academics. Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) offers a specific forum for advancing scientific and professional knowledge of the nutrition field among practitioners as well as academics in public health and researchers
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 538 Documents
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KESIAPAN REMAJA PUTERI DALAM MENGHADAPI 1000 HARI PERTAMA KEHIDUPAN DITINJAU DARI KUALITAS DAN KUANTITAS KONSUMSI PANGAN Safitri, Amalia
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 41, No 2 (2018): September 2018
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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Abstract

The optimal quality of human resources is determined by the time of fetal development started until the age of two years (1000 days of the first life). The success of its development is influenced by several factors; some of them are the quality and quantity of food, especially for adolescent girls, to reach the normal nutrition status. Girls need to pay more attention to their health especially to their nutritional status before pregnancy because this may affect the nutritional status of baby born. The purpose of this study was to see the readiness of adolescent girls in facing 1000 days of life by looking at the quality and quantity of their food consumption in accordance with balanced nutrition. The data were taken from the Individual Food Consumption Survey (SKMI) taken in 2014, to evaluate at the diversity, proportion and adequacy of consumption among adolescent girls aged 10-18 years. The result shows that in terms of diversity, it was categorized as “good” (82.5 percent), but for the proportion was  22.7 percent, and for consumption sufficiency, indicated  good was 30.3 percent. When viewed from the food consumption in term of quality and quantity (combined diversity, proportion and adequacy) showed that adolescent girls who met the criteria were still very little (6.7 percent). This study concluded that the preparedness of adolescent girls in facing 1000 days of life is still low especially their food consumption. It is paid to be attention from all parties that nutrition improvement during teenager and pregnancy periods is priority. ABSTRAK  Kualitas sumber daya manusia yang optimal ditentukan dari sejak dalam kandungan sampai usia anak dua tahun (1000 hari kehidupan). Keberhasilan pencapaiannnya dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah kualitas dan kuantitas makanan  terutama bagi remaja puteri, agar status gizinya baik. Remaja puteri perlu lebih diperhatikan karena status gizi mereka pada saat sebelum hamil dan masa kehamilan berpengaruh terhadap status gizi anak. Tujuan dari analisis ini adalah untuk melihat kesiapan remaja puteri dalam menghadapai 1000 hari kehidupan dengan melihat kualitas dan kuantitas konsumsi yang sesuai dengan gizi seimbang. Data analisis menggunakan data dari Survey Konsumsi Makanan Individu (SKMI) tahun 2014 yang melihat keragaman, proporsi dan kecukupan konsumsi pada remaja  puteri kelompok umur 10-18 tahun. Hasil analisis didapat bahwa dari segi keragaman sudah banyak yang baik yaitu sebesar 82,5 persen, dengan proporsi yang seimbang masih sedikit yaitu 22,7 persen, begitu juga bila dilihat dari kecukupan konsumsi, masih sedikit yang baik (30,3 persen). Bila dilihat dari kualitas dan kuantitas (gabungan keragaman, proporsi dan kecukupan) remaja puteri yang memenuhi kriteria baik masih sangat sedikit yaitu 6,7 persen. analisis ini berkesimpulan bahwa kesiapan remaja puteri dalam menghadapi 1000 hari kehidupan masih kurang terutama bila ditinjau dari konsumsi sehingga perlu adanya perhatian dari berbagai pihak agar dapat memberikan prioritas dalam perbaikan gizi remaja pranikah dan ibu hamil. Kata kunci: remaja puteri, konsumsi, status gizi
“MAKAN YANG BENAR SEHATKAN BADAN”: PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN GIZI SEIMBANG UNTUK ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DENGAN PENDEKATAN REGULASI DIRI Kolopaking, Risatianti; Firmansyah, Agus; Umar, Jahja; Fahmida, Umi
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 33, No 2 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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Abstract

The school- aged years are a critical time for delivering nutrition education to children because that is the time that cognitive- motivational processes emerge as an important influence on food choices. Conventional methods of delivering nutritional message emphasize on knowledge acquisition; however, experiential knowledge is more effective to promote healthy eating behavior among children. The current study used self-regulatory approach and social cognitive learning technique to develop nutrition education program for 3rd and 4th grades mid-low income children. Until now, there has not been any study on nutrition education in Indonesia that focuses on developing skills and behaviors related to areas of food and eating habits. The general objective of the study is to identify the effectiveness of the program by assessing dietary intake as a combined measure of children’s self-regulation of food choice, children’s selfmotivation, and maternal self-efficacy on the home food environment. Based on formative study, culturally tailored and age-appropriate in-class lessons adapted from Indonesian food dietary guidelines were designed for mid- to low-income children in an urban area of Jakarta. Students received 24 in -class sessions, 45 minutes each session twice a week, for a 12-week intervention taught by nutrition professionals. Both school teachers and parents were involved in the program. Outcome evaluations were studied using a quasi-experimental design with the intervention (n=137) and comparison (n=120) groups combined for three assessment periods: pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up (12 weeks after post-intervention). Participants were pair of children and their mothers. To answer the research questions, a multiple group structural equation model (SEM) with a structured mean analysis was used. The results suggest that nutrition education program with a self-regulatory approach had a significant effect in improving children’s self-regulatory behaviors in terms of food choice and maternal self-efficacy on home food environment. The results also showed that the program had a significant sustain able effect in terms of improving children’s dietary intakes. Using self-regulatory model, the results suggest that there are two approaches to implement the program. One approach is to modify maternal self-efficacy on the home food environment to improve children’s self-motivation and their dietary intake; another is to directly modify children’s self-regulation of food choice to improve their dietary intake.Keywords: school-aged children; nutrition education; maternal self-efficacy; self-motivation; self-regulation
CAKUPAN SUPLEMENTASI KAPSUL VITAMIN A DALAM HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KARAKTERISTIK ANAK BALITA DAN AKSES KE PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI INDONESIA (ANALISIS DATA RISKESDAS 2010) ., Sandjaja
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 34, No 2 (2011): September 2011
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Abstract

Kurang vitamin A mempunyai dampak pada fisiologi indera pengelihatan dan imunitas tubuh. Seperempat anak balita di dunia masih menderita kurang vitaminA. Pada survei nasional vitamin A pada anak balitatahun 1992 mendapatkan prevalensi xerophthalmia 0,34 persen. Tetapi beberapa survei lain sesudahnya menunjukkan  kurang  vitamin  A  sub-klinikal  masih  cukupo  tinggi.  Suplementasi  kapsul  vitamin  A  dosis tinggi enam bulan sekali pada anak balita merupakanstrategi kunci untuk meningkatkan status vitamin A. Berbagai  faktor  anak  balita  dan  akses  pelayanan  kesehatan  diduga  mempengaruhi  tinggi  rendahnya cakupan kapsul vitamin A di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor akses pelayanan kesehatan dan karakteristik anak balita yang mempengaruhi tinggi rendahnya cakupan kapsul vitamin A. Analisis  menggunakan  data  sekunder  yang  dikumpulkan dalam  Riskesdas  2010.  Riskesdas  merupakan studi kros-seksional yang mengumpulkan data dasar kesehatan dari 69.300 sampel rumah tangga di 2.798 blok sensus terpilih di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Hanya variabel yang lengkap dan relevan dengan faktor yang  diduga  berperan  pada  16.955  sampel  anak  umur  12-59  bulan  yang  menerima  atau  tidak  kapsul vitamin A yang diambil untuk analisis. Analisis akhir yang digunakan adalah regresi logistik multivariat untuk  mengukur  faktor-faktor  yang  berperan  dalam  penerimaan  kapsul  vitamin  A.  Hasil  penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa  cakupan  kapsul  vitamin  A  di  Indonesia  sebesar  70,5  persen,  bervariasi  antar provinsi,  cakupan  lebih  tinggi  di  daerah  perkotaan  (75,3%)  dibanding  di  perdesaan  ((65,6%).  Posyandu merupakan tempat yang paling tinggi untuk mendapatkan kapsul vitamin A (84,1%). Anak balita dalam 6 bulan  terakhir  yang  tidak  mendapatkan  kapsul  vitamin  A  berhubungan  secara  bermakna  dengan  yang tidak  mempunyai  KMS  (AOR=1.652,  95%  CI  1.465-1.863),  telah  diimunisasi  tetapi  tidak  lengkap (AOR=1.492,  CI  1.358-1.639)  atau  belum  diimunisasi  (AOR=3.597,  95%  CI  3.121-4.146),  dalam  6  bulan terakhir ke posyandu dua kali atau kurang (AOR=6.046, 95% CI 5.425-6.733), kelahiran anak ditolong bukan oleh  tenaga  kesehatan  (AOR=1.244,  CI  1.114-1.388),  tidak  ada  pemeriksaaan  kesehatan  oleh  nakes  saat neonatus (AOR=1.152, CI 1.040-1.275), tetapi cakupan kapsul vitamin A tidak berhubungan dengan jenis kelamin  anak,  kelompok  umur  anak,  tidak  punya  buku  KIA,  maupun  status  gizi  underweight,  wasting, stunting. Rekomendasi: Peningkatan cakupan kapsul vitamin Adapat dilakukan dengan revitalisasi peran posyandu dan peningkatan akses balita pada pelayanan kesehatan di desa.Keywords: suplementsi kapsul vitamin A, anak balita, posyandu, akses pelayanan kesehatan
EVALUASI SISTEM PENYELENGGARAAN MAKANAN LUNAK DAN ANALISIS SISA MAKANAN LUNAK DI BEBERAPA RUMAH SAKIT DI DKI JAKARTA, TAHUN 2011 Anwar, Irfanny; Herianandita, Edith; Ruslita, Ida
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 35, No 2 (2012): September 2012
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Abstract

Pelayanan gizi merupakan salah satu fasilitas pelayanan di rumah sakit. Penyelenggaraan makanan lunak bertujuan  memberikan terapi diet yang sesuai dengan kondisi pasien untuk mempercepat penyembuhan. Kegiatan tersebut merupakan rangkaian kegiatan yang dimulai dari perencanaan menu hingga  evaluasi. Dalam upaya penyelenggaraan makanan lunak di beberapa rumah sakit masih dijumpai keluhan pasien tentang  makanan  yang  disajikan.  Tujuan  penelitian  adalah  mengevaluasi  sistem  penyelenggaraan makanan  lunak  dan  menganalisis  persepsi  responden  terhadap  makanan  lunak  serta  alasan menghabiskan atau tidak menghabiskan makanan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian crossectional yangdilakukan di RSUD Pasar Rebo, RS Islam Sukapura, RS Persahabatan Jakarta. Populasi merupakan pasien yang  mendapat  makanan  lunak.  Sedangkan  sampel  adalah  sebagian  populasi  yang  diambil  secara purposive  sejumlah  30  orang  di  setiap  rumah  sakit.  Hasil  penelitian  menunjukkan  sebagian  besarresponden  adalah  laki-laki,  usia  36-50  tahun,  lulusan  SMA,  tidak  bekerja,  jenis  diet  bervariasi,  tidak terganggu  nafsu  makan, mempunyai  pengetahuan  yang  cukup  tentang  makanan  lunak.  Sebagian  besar responden  tidak  menghabiskan  makanan  pokok,  lauk  nabati  dan  sayuran.  Rata -rata  responden menghabiskan lauk hewani, hidangan penutup, dan makanan selingan. Alasan terbanyak responden tidak menghabiskan makanan adalah porsi terlalu banyak, kenyang, malas makan,  tidak suka dan rasa kurang enak.  Alasan  terbanyak  responden  menghabiskan  makanan  adalah  lapar,  porsi  cukup,  rasa  enak,  dan ingin cepat sembuh. Responden yang menilai variasi menu, penampilan menu, dan paduan rasa makanan baik  rata-rata  30%.  Belum  semua  tahapan  dalam  sistem  penyelenggaraan  makanan  banyak  dilakukan dengan  baik.  Kesimpulan  penelitian  sebagian  besar  makanan  lunak  yang  disajikan  belum  dapat dihabiskan  responden  dan  sistem  penyelenggaraan  makanan  lunak  masih  perlu  perbaikan  pada  menu, standar resep,  besar porsi, alat saji, hygiene dan sanitasi.  Disarankan untuk melakukan  perbaikan menu makanan  lunak,  variasi  bahan  makanan,  besar  porsi,  perbaikan  alat  saji,  penampilan  pramusaji  dan konseling gizi.Kata kunci: evaluasi penyelenggaraan makanan lunak, analisis sisa makanan, rumah sakit
DAMPAK INTERVENSI PENDIDIKAN "GI-PSI-SEHAT" BAGI IBU TERHADAP KONSUMSI PANGAN DAN STATUS GIZI ANAK USIA DINI Madanijah, Siti
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 27, No 2 (2004): September 2004
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Abstract

THE IMPACT OF EDUCATION MODEL “GI-PSI-SEHAT” (NUTRITIONPSYCHOSOSIAL-HEALTH) FOR MOTHER ON FOOD CONSUMPTION AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN UNDER TWO YEARThe objective of this study is to develop and to analyze the education wholistic model (NutritionPsychosocial-Health) in order to build good food consumption pattern for children through theimprovement of mother’s behaviour. A quasi experiment, nonrandomized control group pretest -posttest design study, of the impact of the education model “GI-PSI-SEHAT” (NutritionPsychosocial-Health) has been carried out at urban area in Bogor, West Java. The total ofrespondent are 131 primiparous mothers of children of 0-11 months, who are selected bypurposive sampling technique, which consist of 66 mothers in control group and 65 mothers inintervention group, who participated in the intervention programme. During five months, educationmodel “GI-PSI-SEHAT” was conducted by face to face method, in groups or individually, withcombination of teaching techniques i.e. speech, discussion, simulation, practical and home visit.Teaching aids i.e. booklets, flip-chart, food-models, and real things was used in order to increasethe effectiveness of the programme. The study reveals that the intervention of “GI-PSI-SEHAT”improves food consumption pattern, whether in punctuality, food diversification, or the frequency offood consumption. In eight months time, the intervention enable the increase of the MeanAdequacy Ratio (MAR) as an overall measure of the nutrient adequacy. The impact of theintervention of “GI-PSI-SEHAT” is decrease of z-score of weight-for-age and height-for-age of theintervention group is lower than the control group, especially for children under 12 month.Classification and regression tree statistical analysis demonstrated that independent variableshave strong association with response variables. Nutritional status of mother based on Body MassIndex (BMI) is the dominant variable associated with nutritional status of children based on z-scoreof weight for age, on the other hand Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) is the dominant variableassociated with nutritional status of children based on z-score of height for age. Wholisticeducation model “GI-PSI-SEHAT” for mothers with some modification may applicable at anotherarea, especially for community with low education level.Keywords: nutrition education, children under two years, complementary feeding, food consumption pattern, nutritional status.
HUBUNGAN KADAR SOD DAN JUMLAH SEL RADANG AKUT AKIBAT PEMBERIAN TEPUNG PSPL PADA TIKUS YANG DIPAPAR ASAP ROKOK Kusumastuty, Inggita; Nugroho, Fajar Ari; Harti, Leni Budhi
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 37, No 1 (2014): Maret 2014
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Abstract

Daun ubi jalar unggu (Purple Sweet Potato Leaves, PSPL) mengandung antioksidan yang tinggi dan dapat memperbaiki tingkat stres oksidatif akibat tingginya oksidan di dalam tubuh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan SOD dengan jumlah sel radang akut alveoli paru tikus yang diberi PSPL dan dipapar asap rokok. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan Randomized Post Test Control Design dengan menggunakan sampel tikus putih sebanyak 30 ekor. Kelompok perlakuan dipapar asap rokok dan diberikan tepung PSPL sejumlah 0,07 g (P1); 0,14 g (P2) dan 0,28 g (P3) selama 30 hari. Kadar SOD dan jumlah sel radang akut alveoli paru kemudian diukur.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa PSPL dapat meningkatkan SOD dan menurunkan jumlah sel radang akut alveoli paru pada tikus. Ada hubungan antara kadar SOD dengan jumlah sel radang akut alveoli paru, dimana semakin tinggi kadar SOD maka semakin rendah jumlah sel radang akut alveoli paruABSTRACT    THE RELATION BETWEEN SODAND NUMBER OF ACUTE INFLAMMATORY IN RATS WITH PSPL  POWDER TREATMENT AND CIGARETTE SMOKE EXPOSURE Purple sweet potato leaves (PSPL) contains polyphenols in high concentration that lead to improve oxidative Stres levels due to high oxidant present in the body. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between SOD with the number of acute inflammatory cells of lung alveoli rats that it was fed with PSPL and exposure with cigarette smoke. This research was Randomized Post Test Control Design using 30 white rats. The treatment groups exposed with cigarette smoke and PSPL’s powder that they were 0.07 g (P1), 0.14 g (P2) and 0.28 g (P3) in 30 days. The level of SOD and acute inflammatory cell lung alveoli will measured. The result is PSPL powder have ability to increase SOD and decrease the number of acute inflammatory cells of the lung alveoli of rats.There was a correlation between the level of SOD and the number of  acute inflammatory pulmonary alveoili, where the higher levels of SOD induced the lower number of acute inflammatory pulmonary alveoli.Keywords: PSPL, SOD, antioxidant
GANGGUAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN DEFISIT BERAT BADAN PADA BALITA DI PERKOTAAN DAN PEDESAAN Muljati, Sri; Hapsari, Dwi; Budiman, Basuki
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 28, No 2 (2005): September 2005
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Abstract

GROWTH FAILURE AND BODY WEIGHT DEFICIT OF UNDERFIVE CHILDREN IN URBAN AND RURAL AREASThe prevalence of malnutrition in Indonesia in 2003 is 19 percents; three percents of them are severe malnutrition. Study on the age beginning deviation of growth failure and the extent of the deficit in body weight of underfive children in Indonesia is scarce. We analysed 1694 records of children underfive year old from National Household Survey (SKRT) having complete data in weight, height and age. The study revealed that 42.9% children underfives suffered from growth failure, in which the magnitude was greater in rural than urban e.i. 53.8% and 46.2% respectively growth failure started. In the age 4 months, infant begins deficit his her body weight and the peak of the deficit is infant in six months e.i 21.05%. This analysis supports international finding that deviation in growth failure begin at 4 month for Indonesian children should be consideredKeywords: under five year children, growth
RIWAYAT MAKANAN YANG MENINGKATKAN ASAM LAMBUNG SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO GASTRITIS Arikah, nFN; Muniroh, Lailatul
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 38, No 1 (2015): Maret 2015
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Abstract

Gastritis merupakan salah satu gangguan pencernaan akibat pola makan. Hampir 10 persen penduduk dunia menderita gastritis. Di Indonesia, angka kejadian gastritis sebesar 40,8 persen. Pola makan yang merupakan faktor pemicu gastritis adalah konsumsi tinggi protein dalam menu harian, kebiasaan konsumsi makanan pedas dan minum kopi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor risiko riwayat konsumsi makanan yang berpotensi meningkatkan keasaman lambung terhadap kejadian gastritis. Penelitian observasional dengan desain case control dilakukan pada 32 responden terdiri dari 16 responden gastritis dan 16 responden non gastritis. Variabel bebas penelitian meliputi riwayat konsumsi protein, riwayat konsumsi sambal, dan kebiasaan minum kopi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode systematic random sampling dan dengan menggunakan form Dietary History dan form Food Frequency semi quantitative. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar responden gastritis berjenis kelamin perempuan (78,12%), berusia antara 20-30 tahun (40,63%), dan telah menderita gastritis > 3 tahun (43,75%). Berdasarkan uji statistik, variabel yang merupakan faktor risiko gastritis adalah frekuensi konsumsi susu (p=0,034, OR=6,600) dan jumlah konsumsi sambal (p=0,037, OR=11,667). Responden dengan riwayat frekuensi konsumsi susu sering, berisiko 6,6 kali lebih besar mengalami gastritis dibanding responden dengan riwayat konsumsi susu jarang, dan responden yang memiliki riwayat kebiasaan konsumsi sambal > 3 sdt per konsumsi, berisiko 11,667 kali untuk menderita gastritis dibanding yang memiliki kebiasaan konsumsi sambal kurang dari itu. Saran untuk pasien gastritis sebaiknya membatasi konsumsi susu terutama bila bersamaan dengan makanan berat lain dan konsumsi sambal yang berlebihan, karena keduanya dapat menstimulasi produksi asam lambung berlebihan sehingga menimbulkan perlukaan pada dinding lambung.ABSTRACT DIET HISTORY AS RISK FACTORS OF GASTRISTIC BY IMPROVING GASTRICT ACID Gastritis is a digestive disorder caused by diet. Nearly 10 percent of people worldwide suffer from gastritis. In Indonesia, the incidence of gastritis was 40.8 percent. Food consumption which is a trigger factor of gastritis are the high consumption of protein in the daily diet, spicy foods and drinking coffee. This study aimed to identify risk factors of food consumption history that could increase gastric acidity as a risk factor of gastritis. The observational study with case control design conducted to 32 respondents devided into 2 groups, gastritis and non-gastritis group. Independent variables were protein consumption history, consumption of chili sauce, and drinking coffee habits. Sampling has done using systematic random sampling and food history was assessed using  Dietary History form and Food Frequency semi quantitative form. The results showed that most of the gastritis respondents were female (78,12%), at  the age range of 20-30 years (40,63%), and had suffered gastritis > 3 years (43,75%). The risk estimation results indicated that the significant variables as risk factors of gastritis were frequency of milk consumption (p=0,034, OR=6,600) and the amount of chili sauce consumption (p=0,037, OR=11,667). Respondents with frequent history of milk consumption had 6,6 times greater risk for experiencing gastritis than those infrequent history of milk consumption, and respondents who had history of chili sauce consumption habits > 3 tsp per consumptionhad  11,667 times greater risk for experiencing gastritis than those who consumed chili sauce habits less than that. Patients with gastritis should limit their milk consumption especially when ate with other heavy foods; and also limit consumption of chili sauce because it can stimulate excessive production of gastric acid that can iritate the gastric mucosa.Keywords: diet history, gastric acid, gastritis
EFIKASI SUPLEMEN BESI-MULTIVITAMIN UNTUK PERBAIKAN STATUS BESI REMAJA WANITA Briawan, Dodik; ., Hardinsyah; ., Muhilal; Setiawan, Budi; Marliyati, Sri Anna
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 30, No 1 (2007): Maret 2007
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Abstract

EFFICACY OF IRON-MULTIVITAMIN SUPPLEMENT FOR IMPROVING THE IRON STATUS OF ADOLESCENT FEMALESThe study was aimed to analyze the efficacy of supplementation iron-multivitamin for improvingthe iron status of adolescent females through the double-blind trial. Subjects were 224 of the firstgrade university students (IPB) who were randomly allocated to three study groups through adouble blind trial. The first group received only placebo (control group); the second group received60 mg iron, 250 ug folate (B-F group); the third group received 60 mg iron,800 ug folate, 4200 ugretinyl acetate, 500 mg vitamin C, and 16.8 ug vitamin B12 (B-MV group). All supplements weredistributed and consumed weekly during 25 weeks. The mean changes in Hb, STfR and SFamong the groups were tested with Ancova and adjusted with BMI; capsule compliance;food/snack compliance; adequacy of energy, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron; and baselinevalue of Hb, STfR, SF. The results showed the demographics and nutritional characteristics ofsamples were not significantly different. At the baseline, the mean of haemoglobin(Hb=126.2±13.1 g/l) and serum ferritin (SF=18.3±15.9 ug/l) were not significantly different amongthe three groups (p<0.05). However, the serum transferrin receptor (STfR) was lower in the control(5.8 ± 3.2 mg/l) than B-F (7.9 ±4.4 mg/l) and B-MV (11.8±5.5 mg/l). After 25 week ofsupplementation, the mean change of hemoglobin was not different among the three groups (10.1g/l; p>0.05). The B-MV group significantly lower decreased in STfR (-4.2 mg/l) and higherincreased in SF (+13.4 ug/l) compared to B-F and control group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, only theSTfR in B-F group (-1.3 ug/l) was significantly lower than control group (p<0.05). This implied theimportant of the multi-vitamin to complement the iron supplementation.Keywords: haemoglobin (Hb), serum transferrin receptor (STfR), serum ferritin (SF), iron status, iron-multivitamin, iron-folate, adolescent female
KERAGAMAN BAHAN MAKANAN UNTUK SARAPAN ANAK SEKOLAH DI INDONESIA Permaesih, Dewi; Rosmalina, Yuniar
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 39, No 1 (2016): Maret 2016
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Abstract

Breakfast (5-9 AM) is contributed around one third of daily nutrient intake. Some studies shown that breakfast can maintain the blood glucose level, increase school performance and prevent obesity. This study aimed to determine the food variety of breakfast consumed by most Indonesian people, aged 6-18 years. Analysis was conducted using secondary data taken from the Individual Food Consumption Survey (SKMI) 2014. The study was cross-sectional survey design conducted in 33 provinces in Indonesia in May-June 2014. 27870 (77.5%) subjects were met the criteria. The age group of 6–12 years old consists of 7739 males and 7069 females, while aged 13–18 years old consists of 6612 males and 6450 females. Almost 60 percent (59,1%) subjects consumed a combination of 3 food groups. 72,3 percent were consumed one food which was consist only serealia. Subjects who consumed with combination of 2 food groups such as serealia and water (49.6%), serealia and animal food (18.2%). Subjects who consumed combination of 3 food groups, such as serealia, animal food, and fat, were 49.6 percent. In conclusion, most students aged 6-18 years had breakfast but the variety of food was not adequate yet. ABSTRAK Sarapan atau makan pagi (jam 5-9 pagi) penting untuk konsumsi makanan sehari. Sarapan dapat membantu mempertahan kadar gula darah, meningkatkan konsentrasi belajar serta mencegah terjadinya kegemukan. Perlu diperhatikan selain jumlah makanan juga keragaman jenis yang dikonsumsi. Tujuan analisis adalah mendapatkan informasi tentang keragaman bahan makanan yang biasa dikonsumsi penduduk di Indonesia, umur 6-18 tahun. Dilakukan analisis data hasil Survei Konsumsi Makanan Individu (SKMI) 2014 dari rumah-tangga terpilih di 33 provinsi di Indonesia pada bulan Mei-Juni 2014 dengan desain penelitian potong-lintang. Sampel terdiri dari umur 6-12 tahun usia sekolah dasar (7739 orang laki-laki dan 7069 perempuan) dan umur 13-18 tahun usia sekolah menengah (6612 laki-laki dan 6450 perempuan). Hasil analisis menunjukkan, sebanyak 77,5 persen (27870 individu) sampel melakukan sarapan. Sebanyak 59,1 persen responden mengonsumsi 3 kelompok bahan makanan. Responden yang mengonsumsi satu kelompok bahan makanan saja, seperti serealia, sejumlah 72,3 persen, sedangkan dari yang mengonsumsi dua kelompok makanan, sebanyak 49,6 persen mengonsumsi serealia dan air putih serta 18,2 persen mengonsumsi kombinasi kelompok serealia dan kelompok hewani. Responden mengonsumsi tiga kelompok bahan makanan, paling banyak mengonsumsi kombinasi kelompok serealia, hewani dan minyak (49,6%), diikuti kombinasi kelompok serealia, kelompok sayur dan minyak. Dapat disimpulkan, sebagian besar anak sekolah usia 6-18 tahun sarapan namun keragamannya masih kurang. Kata kunci: sarapan, keragaman bahan makanan, anak sekolah

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