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Pusat Kajian dan Penelitian Kesehatan Masyarakat (PKPKM) Gedung Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat (FKM) Lantai II, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh (UNMUHA) Jl. Muhammadiyah No.93, Bathoh, Lueng Bata, Banda Aceh, Aceh. Telp. (0651) 31054, Fax. (0651) 31053. Email: jurnal.jukema@unmuha.ac.id
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Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh)
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh
ISSN : 20881592     EISSN : 25496425     DOI : https://doi.org/10.37598/jukema
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh atau disingkat dengan JUKEMA merupakan kumpulan jurnal ilmiah yang memuat artikel hasil penelitian atau yang setara dengan hasil penelitian di bidang ilmu kesehatan masyarakat, ilmu kedokteran dan ilmu keperawatan. Artikel ilmiah yang membahas topik-topik Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak, epidemiologi, gizi kesehatan masyarakat, Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) dan lain-lain sangat diharapkan dan disambut baik.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 305 Documents
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RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PULMONARY TB INCIDENCE IN CHILDREN IN BANDA ACEH Novita, Riska; Abdullah, Asnawi; Hermasnyah, Hermasnyah
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 7, No 1 (2021): Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh (JUKEMA)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v7i1.1066

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary TB in children is still a serious public health problem in Aceh Province, this can be seen from the increase in cases in the last three years that are suspected to be related to immunization status, nutritional status, income, knowledge, the presence of TB sufferers, occupancy density and exposure to cigarette smoke. This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with pulmonary TB incidence in children in Banda Aceh. Method: This research is an analytic observational study using a case control design. The population in this study was children suffering from pulmonary TB in Banda Aceh as many as 30 respondents. Using a ratio of 1:2 comparison, the research sample of 90 respondents consisted of 30 cases and 60 controls. Data collection was conducted from 15 October to 15 December, conducted in the respondent's home. Data analysis using conditional multiple logistic regression test. Results: Risk factors associated with pulmonary TB in childrenare: the employment of self-employed fathers (p=0.046; OR=2.7; 95% CI: 1.01-7.50), low income (p=0.046; OR=2.7; 95% CI: 1.01-7.50), the presence of TB patients in home (p=0.001; OR=31; 95% CI: 4.11-234), cigarette smoke exposure (p=0.004; OR=4; 95% CI: 1.54-10.3), no BCG immunization (p=0.023; OR=4.6; 95% CI: 1.23-17.2), malnutrition status with the occurrence of pulmonary TB in children in Banda Aceh (p=0.002; OR=5.9; 95% CI: 1.93-18.5). The results of the multivariate analysis concluded that the tendency of pulmonary TB in children in the city of Banda Aceh to occur in the presence of TB patients at home was almost 4 times more dominant than other variables. Recommendation: To Banda Aceh Health Office in order to increase the number of pulmonary TB screening in children, especially in children with parents who suffer from pulmonary TB.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF 4 (FOUR) GOLD STANDARDS OF NUTRITION TO THE INCIDENT OF STUNTING IN TODDLERS IN TEN VILLAGES OF MONTASIK DISTRICT, ACEH BESAR REGENCY,IN 2020 Maulida, Hasra; Ariscasari, Putri; Amin, Fauzi Ali
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 9, No 2 (2023): Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh (JUKEMA)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v9i2.2063

Abstract

Background: Stunting is an indicator of failure to grow optimally which is characterized by a height z score (TB) for age below -2 SD. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia to decrease by 19% in 2019-2024. Meanwhile in Indonesia, the prevalence of stunting is still 27.67%, and in ten villages in Montasik District it is also still relatively high at 25%. This research aims  to determine the relationship between 4 (four) gold standards of nutrition and the incidence of stunting among toddlers in ten villages in Montasik District, Aceh Besar Regency in 2020. Method: This research uses descriptive analytical method with a cross- sectional design. The population is all toddlers aged 6-59 months in ten villages of Montasik District. Sampling using the Slovin formula resulted 64 toddlers using proportional random sampling techniques. Data analysis used the Chi-Square test with the SPSS-18 application. Results: The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between IMD (p value=0.004), exclusive breastfeeding (p value=0.004), breastfeeding until the age of 2 years (p value=0.037), and birth spacing (p value=0.013) and there was no relationship between breastfeeding practices MP-ASI (p value=0.063), and maternal TB (p value=0.058) with the incidence of stunting in toddlers in ten villages in Montasik District, Aceh Besar Regency in 2020. Recommendation: It is hoped that the Montasik Community Health Center will improve the principles of the 4 (four) gold standards of nutrition for children starting from early initiation of breastfeeding (IMD), exclusive breastfeeding, and MP-ASI until the age of 2 years through counseling at the Posyandu in each village. Midwives are expected to play more active role so that they can provide education to mothers and expectant mothers, therefore  they can anticipate childbirth intervals of ≥ 2 years so that child intake can be met to reduce the incidence of stunting.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAMILY SUPPORT AND ANXIETY LEVEL CLIENTS OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE (CHD) AT THE HEART POLYCLINIC OF RSUD IN LANGSA Hartati, Irma; Fitriyani, Fitriyani
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 8, No 1 (2022): Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh (JUKEMA)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v8i1.1560

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the worlds number one cause of death. Family support can help improve individual coping mechanisms by providing emotional support and suggestions on alternative strategies based on previous experience. Anxiety is an uneasy feeling that is vague due to discomfort or fear that is accompanied by a response (the cause is not specific or unknown to the individual). Purpose: To determine the relationship between family support and the level of anxiety in coronary heart disease clients. Methods: This study uses analytic methods with the design cross sectional approach. The sampling technique uses Accidental sampling technique. Result: There is a relationship between family support and the level of anxiety in coronary heart disease clients with p-value 0.033 (p0.05). Conclusion: The result of this study found that there was a relationship between family support and anxiety level in coronary heart disease clients at the Heart Polyclini at RSUD (Regional Public Hospital) Langsa.
JAMINAN KESEHATAN ACEH (JKA) DAN PENGUATAN SISTEM KESEHATAN DI PROVINSI ACEH Abdullah, Asnawi
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v1i1.229

Abstract

Asnami Abdullah, PhD*Dosen Kopertis Wilayah I, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh AbstractMany strategies have been implemented to improve health system performance in Aceh since last five years including improving healthcare infrastructure, human resources capacity and financing systems. Since early June 2010, Government of Aceh has introduced a health insurance scheme called JKA. This study analysed to what extent the JKA scheme could strengthen health system performance in Aceh. The analysis was performed using the World Health Organization (WHO) health system framework. Theoretically, JKA could strengthen health system performance, however the balance of financial risk and incentive among implementers are the key success of program that should be taken into account by stakeholders. The scheme should not only focus on clinical curative services but also promotive and preventive services. Regular supervision and monitoring of impact on accessibility, the quality of care and level of satisfaction both patient and providers are key components of sustainability of scheme.Keywords : JKA, healthcare, health care, health insurance
FACTORS RELATED TO SOLID MEDICAL WASTE HANDLING MANAGEMENT AT TEUKU UMAR HOSPITAL, CALANG ACEH JAYA REGENCY Rinaldi, Alfian; Mawardi, Mawardi; Akbar, Fahrisal
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 9, No 1 (2023): Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh (JUKEMA)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v9i1.2091

Abstract

Background: Factors related to the implementation of medical waste management at General Hospital (RSU) are Hospital Policy, Human Resources (HR), Funds, Technical Guidelines, Facilities, and Infrastructure. Among these five factors, human resources and infrastructure are the most important factors to achieve hospital waste management objectives. Reliable human resources are needed and the infrastructure used must comply the requirements in the Decree of the Minister of Health  the Republic of Indonesia No. 1204/Menkes/SK/X/ 2004. The research aims to determine the relationship between hospital policies and the handling of medical waste at Teuku Umar Hospital. Method: Type of analytical survey research with a Cross Sectional approach. The research sample was 30 employees of the sanitation section of Teuku Umar Hospital, Calang Aceh Jaya Regency. Data collection techniques used questionnaires and data analysis using the chi square test. Results: The research results showed a relationship between hospital policies (p-value=0.001), human resources (HR) (p-value=0.001), infrastructure (p-value=0.001), funds (p-value=0.001), technical guidelines (p-value=0.001), and the handling of medical waste (p-value=0.001) at the Teuku Umar Hospital, Calang Aceh Jaya Regency. Recommendation: It is hoped that hospitals will improve the quality of human resources in the medical  waste handling department, therefore the medical waste can be handled properly.
HUBUNGAN PERAN KELUARGA, KONDISI FISIK LANSIA DAN PENGETAHUAN DENGAN CAKUPAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN LANSIA DI KECAMATAN JAYA BARU BANDA ACEH Arbi, Anwar; Agustina, Agustina; Zakaria, Radhiah; Laili, Badrul
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 6, No 2 (2020): Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh (JUKEMA)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v6i2.907

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Proyeksi angka harapan hidup penduduk Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan dari 70 tahun pada periode 2010-2015 menjadi 72 tahun pada periode 2030-2035. Salah satu bentuk perhatian yang serius terhadap lanjut usia adalah terlaksananya pelayanan pada lanjut usia melalui Posyandu lansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengetahui hubungan peran keluarga, kondisi fisik lansia dan pengetahuan dengan cakupan pelayanan kesehtaan lansia di kecamatan Jaya BAru Banda Aceh tahun 2020. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Data di analisis secara univariat, analisis bivariat dengan uji chi square. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukan bahwa dukungan keluarga (p=0.001), kondisi fisik lansia (p=0.001), pengetahuan (p=0.001) berhubungan dengan cakupan pelayanan Kesehatan lansia di wilayah kerja kecamatan Jaya Baru Banda Aceh. Sehinnga dukungan keluarga, kondisi fisik lansia dan pengetahuan berhubungan dengan cakupan pelayanan lansia. Saran: Kepada instansi terkait (Dinas Kesehatan dan Puskesmas) disarankan untuk lebih meningkatkan sosialisasi dan memaksimalakan kualitas pelayanan Posyandu lansia.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF HEALTH PROMOTION STRATEGIES TO THE PREVENTION OF DIARRHEA DISEASE IN MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NEGERI 19 DARUL IMARAH DISTRICT, ACEH BESAR Ananda, Iin Riska; Arbi, Anwar; Azwar, Eddy
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 9, No 1 (2023): Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh (JUKEMA)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v9i2.2034

Abstract

Background: Diarrhea is a public disease that still attacks babies, school children, teenagers, and even adults. Diarrhea attacks children more than adults. Based on data from UKS MIN (School Health Unit-Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri) -19 Darul Imarah, cases of diarrhea among students in 2019 increased from month to month. Method: This research uses a cross- sectional approach. The research population was 42 teachers and employees at MIN-19 Darul Imarah. The research was carried out from March 19  to April 9, 2020. The research instrument was a questionnaire with data processing using Crosstab and Chi-Square test. This research aims to determine the relationship between advocacy, atmosphere building, and community empowerment movements in preventing diarrhea at MIN-19 Darul Imarah. Result: The research results showed that there was a relationship between advocacy health promotion strategies  (p-value 0.005), the atmosphere-building health promotion strategies (p-value 0.032), and the community empowerment movement health promotion strategy (p-value 0.043) on prevention of diarrhea in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 19 Darul Imarah District.  Recommendation: It is hoped that the Principal of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 19 Darul Imarah District will increase health promotion (advocacy, atmosphere building, and community empowerment movements) at school and outside of school in an effort to prevent diarrhea for students.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH COVERAGE OF POSTPARTUM MATERNAL VISITS IN THE WORK AREA OF THE SINGKIL COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER, ACEH SINGKIL REGENCY IN 2020 Khairunnisa, Nova; Sinta, Sri Ayu; Amin, Ghazali
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 7, No 2 (2021): Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh (JUKEMA)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v7i2.1271

Abstract

Background: Adequate monitoring and health care during pregnancy to the puerperium is very important for the survival of mother and the baby. From the record of the Singkil Health Center, the number of postpartum visits from 2017 to 2019 has decreased. The purpose of this study was to determine the analysis of the factors related to the coverage of postpartum visits in the working area of the Singkil Health Center in 2020. Method: This research is descriptive analytic using a cross sectional design. The research was conducted in the working area of the Singkil Health Center, with a total sample of 67 postpartum mothers. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate using the Chi Square test. Result: The results indicate that mothers with complete postpartum visits were 55.2% and those who were incomplete were 44.7%. The bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between knowledge (p value 0.001), attitude (p value 0.001), parity (p value 0.007), family support (p value 0.001), and the role of health workers (p value 0.003) with coverage postpartum visits. Conclusion: It is hoped that Singkil Health Center officers can increase counseling about the importance of postpartum chech-ups by health workers (midwives) during ANC 3rd trimester of ANC and postpartum through posyandu, as well as other community activities so that they can further increase knowledge, attitudes and motivation to carry out postpartum visits and accuracy schedule. so that mothers want to make a visit according to their schedule.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPLETENESS OF BASIC IMMUNIZATION IN BABIES AT THE BANDA RAYA COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER, KOTA BANDA ACEH IN 2021 Syawaluddin, Syawaluddin; Arbi, Anwar; Santi, Tahara Dilla
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 10, No 1 (2024): Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh (JUKEMA)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v9i1.2029

Abstract

Background: Complete basic immunization coverage at the Banda Raya Community Health Center is 67.6%. Low levels of complete basic immunization in babies must be addressed immediately so that children can grow and develop healthily and avoid infectious diseases. This study aims to analyze the completeness of basic immunization for babies at the Banda Raya Community Health Center, Banda Aceh City in 2021. Method:This research is descriptive analytical with a crosssectional design. The sample was 63 patients determined using total population techniques. Data analysis used the Chi-Square test with SPSS version 20. Result: there was a relationship between knowledge (p-value=0.016), parental education (p-valu=0.006), the role of cadres (p-valu=0.040), the role of health workers (p-value0.001), family support (p-value=0.023), and maternal motivation (p-value=0.013) with complete basic immunization for babies at the Banda Raya Community Health Center, Banda Aceh City in 2021. Recommendation: It is hoped that health workers can carry out health promotion, especially community promotion emphasizing the consequences if children are not given basic immunizations, one of which is by socializing the importance of proper immunization according to a predetermined schedule.
Editorial - Kelebihan Berat Badan: Bukan Lagi Indikator Kemakmuran, namun Indikator Penyakit Abdullah, Asnawi
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v1i1.233

Abstract

Kelebihan berat badan atau obesitas sudah menjadi suatu epidemic baru ditatanan global. Menggunakan definisi World Health Organization (WHO) tentang obesitas (bila seseorang sudah mempunyai Body Mass Index (BMI) atau indeks masa tubuh (IMT) lebih besar sama dengan 30 kg/m2)  , sekarang ini secara global ada sekitar 1,6 milyar orang dewasa sudah masuk dalam kategori kelebihan berat badan (overwight) dan 400 juta diantaranya terindikasi obese secara klinik (clinically obese)[1]. Di beberapa negara seperti Amerika Serikat (the USA), prevalence obesitas sudah mencapai titik yang mengkhawatirkan dan telah dianggap suatu ancaman terhadap tatanan system kesehatan nasional negara tersebut[2],[3]. Betapa tidak, di tahun 2007 – 2008 saja, sudah 35.5% penduduk Amerika yang menderita obesitas[4]. Anehnya, epidemic ini tidak hanya terjadi di Negara maju, namun juga sudah merambah ke Negara berkembang. Beberapa Negara berkembang di timur tengah misalnya seperti Arab Saudi Arabia, prevalence obesitas bahkan sudah mencapai 35.6% pada tahun sejak satu decade yang lalu[5]. Di Indonesia, belum ada data yang akurat, namun beberapa survey melaporkan bahwa sekitar 24% wanita Indonesia sudah menderita obesitas[6]. Angka ini diperkirakan akan terus meningkatnya seiring dengan perubahan gaya hidup dan perubahan pola konsumsi makanan dikalangan masyarakat Indonesia.Dulu, kelebihan berat badan sering diasosiasikan sebagai salah satu indicator kemakmuran seseorang. Namun penelitian belakangan ini, terutama di Negara maju, prevalensi obesitas tertinggi justru di kalangan masyarakat dengan social ekonomi rendah. Di Negara berkembang, memang prevalensi obesitas masih dilaporkan lebih tinggi dikalangan masyarakat berpenghasilan tinggi, namun ke depan diperkirakan akan berubah seiring peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat akan pola hidup sehat; peningkatan kesadaran akan pentingnya olah raga dan kebugaran dikalangan masyarakat terutama masyarakat dengan sosial ekonomi tinggi dan masyarakat yang mempunyai daya beli akan makanan-makanan sehat dan gizi seimbang. Makanan siap saji fast food sudah mulai ditinggalkan oleh masyarakat berpenghasilan tinggi, namun sebaliknya masyarakat dengan social ekonomi menengah dan rendah justru baru menikmatinya. Tidak heran pangsa pasar makanan fast food saat ini bergeser ke pinggiran kota dan kota-kota kecil. Tidak akan lama lagi, kegemukan juga akan bergeser ke masyarakat berpenghasilan menengah dan rendah dan obesitas bukan lagi indicator kemakmuran namun justru indikator kehidupan masih “pas-pasan”.Selain bukan lagi indicator kemakmuran, hal yang menarik, belakangan ini, obesitas sudah dianggap sebagai suatu penyakit. Bila anda gemuk, maka anda sedang menderita penyakit. Hal ini didukung oleh berbagai hasil kajian dan publikasi ilmiah di berbagai jurnal internasional. Penelitian-penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa obesitas merupakanfaktor resiko berbagai penyakit kronik. Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO)[7] menginventarisir sedikitnya ada 20 jenis penyakit berkaitan dengan obesitas, termasuk: insulin resistensi, dyslipidaemia, type-2 diabetes, tekanan darah tinggi, stroke, osteoarthritis, meningkatnya uricacid dalam darah, kanker, gangguan kesuburan danjanin pada ibu yang menderita obesitas. Sebagai contoh, hasil studi meta-analysis terbaru, menyimpulkan bahwa orang yang mempunyai kelebihan berat badan (obesitas), mempunyai resiko tujuh kali lebih besar untuk menderita type-2 diabetes dari pada orang yang mempunyai berat badan normal (relative risk (RR) 7.19 (95% CI: 5.74 – 9.00)[8]. Overweight mempunyai resiko menderita ischemic stroke 22% kali lebih besar dari pada orang normal, sedangkan obesitas mencapai 64% lebih tinggi dengan RR secara berturut-turut 1.22 (95% CI: 1.05 – 1.41) dan 1.64 (95% CI: 1.36 – 1.99)[9]. Meta-analysis studi dari 33 cohort studi negara-negara Asia Pasifik[10] menyimpulkan bahwa setiap dua unit peningkatan BMI, akan meningkatkan resiko jantung koroner (coronary heart diseases) sebesar 11% (95% CI: 9% - 13%). Disamping itu, masalahnya tidak hanya dengan beberapa berat, namun juga lamanya seseorang obese; makin lamanya seseorang hidup dengan kelebihan berat badan baik overweight mupun obesitas, makin besar resiko untuk menderita berbagai penyakit di atas. Hasil penelitian terbaru disimpulkan bahwa setiap dua tahun seseorang hidup dengan kelebihan berat badan (obesitas), maka resiko menderita type 2 diabetes meningkat sebesar 13% [RR=1.13 (95% CI 1.09 – 1.17)] untuk laki-laki dan sekitar 12% untuk wanita dengan RR 1.12 (95% CI 1.08 – 1.16)[11]. Bahkan beberapa penelitian melaporkan obesitas mempunyai juga resiko kematian dini[12]- [13] - [14]-[15] -[16]. Ini semuanya mengindikasikan bahwa ternyata obesitas sama sekali bukan lagi indicator kemakmuran, namun justru indicator penyakit dan kematian dini.[1] World Health Organization. Fact Sheet: Obesity and Overweight. http://who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html. Accessed 20 May 2010. [2] Task Force on Childhood Obesity. Solving the Problem of Childhood Obesity within a Generation: White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity Report to the President 2010. [3] Gregg EW, Guralnik JM. Is disability obesity’s price of longevity? JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 2007; 298 (17) : 2066 – 2067. [4] Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Curtin LR. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults. 1999-2008. Jan 20 2010;303 (3) : 235 – 241. [5] Low S, Chin MC, M. D – Y. Review on epidemic of obesity. Ann Acad Med Singapore. Jan 2009;38 (1):57-59. [6] Sassi F. Obesity and the Economics of Prevention : Fit not Fat. Vol 2010: OECD; 2010. [7] World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. WHO Technical Report Series. Geneva;2000. [8] Abdullah A, Peeters A, de Courten M, Stoelwinder J. The Magnitude of association between overweight and obesity and the risk of diabetes: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2010;89 (3) : 309-319. [9] Strazzullo P, D’Elia L, Cairella G, Garbagnati F, Cappuccio FP, Scalfi L. Excess body weight and incidence of stroke: meta-analysis of prospective studies with 2 million participants. Stroke. May 2010;41 (5):e418-426. [10] Ni Mhurchu C, Rodgers A, Pan WH, Gu DF, Woodward M. Body mass index and cardiovascular disease in the Asia-Pacific Region: an overview of 33 cohorts involving 310.000 participants. Int J Epidemiol. Aug 2004;33(4):751-758. [11] Abdullah A, Stoelwinder J, Shortreed S, et al. The duration of obesity and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Public Health Nutrition. Jun 29 2010: Available on JCO 29 Jun 2010; doi: 2010.1017/S1368980010001813.[12] Ringback Weitoft G, Eliasson M, Rosen M. Underweight, overweight and obesity as risk factors for mortality and hospitalization. Scand J Public Health. Mar 2008;36 (2):169-176. [13] McGee DL, Diverse Populations C. Body mass index and mortality: a meta-analysis based on personal-level data from twenty-six observational studies. Ann Epidemiol. Feb 2005;15 (2): 87 – 97.[14] Janssen I, Mark AE. Elevated body mass index and mortality risk in the elderly.Obes Rev. Jan 2007; 8 (1):41-59.[15] Hu FB. Obesity Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2008.[16] Abdullah A, Wolfe R, Stoelwinder JU, et al. The number of years lived with obesity and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Int J Epidemiol. Feb 27 2011, doi:10.1093/ije/dyr018.

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