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Decrease Levels of Mercury (Hg2+) using Vetiver Plants (Vetiveria zizanioides) in Mining Waste at Mandailing Natal Regency Irfandi, Rizal; Febriani Danur, Riny
Al-Kimia Vol 10 No 2 (2022): DECEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v10i2.29257

Fitoremediasi merupakan salah satu metode penanganan lahan tercemar akibat pertambangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penanaman tanaman vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) terhadap fitoremediasi limbah pertambangan yang tercemar merkuri (Hg) di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal untuk mengurangi dampak pencemaran lingkungan akibat aktivitas pertambangan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama tiga bulan di Rumah Kaca FMIPA Universitas Negeri Medan dan Laboratorium Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Kota Medan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Jumlah kombinasi perlakuan terdiri atas 4 variasi paparan limbah dengan 2 kali pengulangan pengujian kandungan merkuri pada tanaman. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh tanaman vetiver mampu menyerap logam merkuri pada media tanam yang dikontaminasi dengan limbah asli pertambangan paling tinggi sebesar 7,1045 mg/Kg dan sebesar 15,68 mg/Kg pada kontaminasi limbah sintetik selama 12 hari pemaparan. Dengan bertambahnya waktu fitoremediasi, tanaman akar wangi (Vetiveria zizanioides) mampu mengakumulasi lebih banyak logam berat merkuri (Hg) yang terdapat di dalam tanah.

Synthesis of MnO2 as Supercapacitor Electrodes Material by Green Chemistry Method Through Dehydroxylation of Tangerine Peel (Citrus reticulata) Essential Oil Izzah, Dewi Jalinan; Fajaroh, Fauziatul; Aliyatulmuna, Adilah; Sumari, Sumari; Marfu'ah, Sitti
Al-Kimia Vol 10 No 2 (2022): DECEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v10i2.31459

In this era, most technology requires electronic equipment. The performance of electronic equipment may be affected by energy storage components like a supercapacitor, so the development of supercapacitor electrode materials using green chemical methods needs to be pursued. Material with a good specific capacitance is MnO2. Most of the MnO2 synthesis methods are not based on green chemistry, so there is an alternative method. One of them is by utilizing the waste from tangerine peels. This study aimed to synthesize MnO2 through dehydroxylation of tangerine peel essential oil. The steps for conducting this research consisted of isolation of tangerine peel essential oil, analysis of the constituent components of tangerine peel essential oil, synthesis of MnO2 through dehydroxylation of essential oils tangerine peel, and MnO2 characterization. XRD results showed that MnO2 synthesized at pH 11 had the highest percentage of α-MnO2 (97%). This is evidenced by the presence of α-MnO2 diffractogram according to the ICSD No.20227. The SEM results showed that MnO2 had a spherical morphology with a particle diameter of 39.51 nm. α-MnO2 has a larger tunnel structure compared to β- and γ-MnO2, making the charge-discharge process easier so that α-MnO2 has the potential as a supercapacitor electrode material.

The Effect of Extraction Time of Raja Nangka Banana Peel as Capping Agent on the Characteristic and Antibacterial Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles Against Staphylococcus epidermidis Adinnia Apriandini; Fajaroh, Fauziatul; Aliyatulmuna, Adilah; Ciptawati, Endang
Al-Kimia Vol 10 No 2 (2022): DECEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v10i2.31484

A green chemistry-based ZnO nanoparticle synthesis method based on plant extracts has been developed. Raja nangka banana peel is one of them. The extraction time is one of the elements that influences the amounts of secondary metabolites. The longer the extraction time, the more secondary metabolites are obtained. If the optimal time is exceeded, the secondary metabolite compounds will decrease. The purpose of this research was to determine the optimal time to extract secondary metabolites from the raja nangka banana peel and to know the effect of extraction time on the characteristics of ZnO nanoparticles, which include morphology, size, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The steps of this research: maceration, phytochemical tests and total levels tests, synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, characterization, and antibacterial activity test against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Maceration for 24 hours is the best time for extracting secondary metabolites from raja nangka banana peels. The SEM test results show that the morphology of the three samples had agglomeration. The ZnO nanoparticles with 24-hour raja nangka banana peel extract had a smaller size of 295.2 nm and were spherical. Inhibition zone diameter from ZnO nanoparticles with 24-hour raja nangka banana peel extract has a larger area of 5.65 mm.

Lead (Pb) Reduction Efficiency in Used Lubricating Oil in Ship Using The Acid Clay Treatment Method: Perspective of Environmental Pollution Control at Paotere Port, South Sulawesi, Indonesia Rustiah, Waode; Arisanti, Dewi
Al-Kimia Vol 10 No 2 (2022): DECEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v10i2.32560

The number of watercrafts in the sea will have an impact on the amount of waste lubricant oil that is discharged into the sea, which ultimately results in pollution. The increasing level of hazardous and toxic materials (B3 waste) is concerned to have a wider impact on public health and environment quality. One of the B3 wastes that requires special handling due to its high quantities is used lubricating oil. Utilization and processing of waste lubricant oil discharged from the ship is an alternative that can be applied to reach efficient consumption of petroleum which is shrinking from year to year. Therefore, we need a processing method that can reduce the pollutants generated from the waste, one of which is the Acid Clay Treatment method. This treatment aims to determine the best conditions for reducing heave metal lead (Pb) through Acid Clay Treatment method and to assess the decrease in Pb concentration contained in used lubricating oil from ship. The adsorbent used was clay that has been activated with sulphuric acid. The processing of used lubricating oil was carried out using three variations, including adsorbent concentration, contact time, and acidity (pH). The test results of used oil lubricating oil processing were 15 gram of adsorbent concentration, 90 minutes of contact time, and pH 4. The Pb reduction efficiency obtained from Acid Clay Treatment method in the best conditions was 53.72%.

The Effect of Metal Impregnation Of Fe Cu And Co on Surface Area of ZSM-5 Catalyst Analyzed Using Surface Area Analyzer (AAS) Sihotang, Andreas; Is Heriyanti, Septina; Djangkung Sumbogo Murti, Sri; Mirda Yanti, Fusia; Farizt Ichsan, Ahmad; Adiningtyas Putri, Alya; Riski Gusti, Diah
Al-Kimia Vol 10 No 2 (2022): DECEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v10i2.32912

The number of watercrafts in the sea will have an impact on the amount of waste lubricant oil that is discharged into the sea, which ultimately results in pollution. The increasing level of hazardous and toxic materials (B3 waste) is concerned to have a wider impact on public health and environment quality. One of the B3 wastes that requires special handling due to its high quantities is used lubricating oil. Utilization and processing of waste lubricant oil discharged from the ship is an alternative that can be applied to reach efficient consumption of petroleum which is shrinking from year to year. Therefore, we need a processing method that can reduce the pollutants generated from the waste, one of which is the Acid Clay Treatment method. This treatment aims to determine the best conditions for reducing heave metal lead (Pb) through Acid Clay Treatment method and to assess the decrease in Pb concentration contained in used lubricating oil from ship. The adsorbent used was clay that has been activated with sulphuric acid. The processing of used lubricating oil was carried out using three variations, including adsorbent concentration, contact time, and acidity (pH). The test results of used oil lubricating oil processing were 15 gram of adsorbent concentration, 90 minutes of contact time, and pH 4. The Pb reduction efficiency obtained from Acid Clay Treatment method in the best conditions was 53.72%.

Utilization Waste Materials to Synthesize Nano Al2O3-CaO Photocatalyst using Infused Red Guava Leaves (Psidium Guajava L.) Rodiah, Siti; Aprilia, Riana; Ariesta, Nina
Al-Kimia Vol 10 No 2 (2022): DECEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v10i2.33481

Diazinon is a very toxic pesticide for animals and humans that is widely used in the agricultural sector, so this pollutant needs to be reduced or eliminated in the environment through photodegradation using photocatalysts derived from metal oxides. The catalytic activity of metal oxides is enhanced by adding a support material and increasing the surface area by reducing the particle size to nano size. In this study, kaolin as a source of Al2O3 and golden snail shells as a source of CaO which used to synthesize Al2O3-CaO nanoparticles (NPs) with a simple and environmentally friendly method using plant infusions. Synthesis of Al2O3-CaO NPs using infused red guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) had been done by utilized the secondary metabolites as reducing agents and stabilizers in the nanoparticle synthesis. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of alumina (Al-O) groups at wave numbers 850 – 650 cm-1 and CaO at 3642 cm-1. XRD analysis showed NPs Al2O3-CaO had cubic with the crystal size of 14.59 nm. The morphology of Al2O3-CaO NPs showed in the SEM pictures were agglomerated. Al2O3-CaO NPs degraded diazinon by 75% within 180 minutes under UV radiation. Thus, this research not only reduce waste material, but also reduces water pollutant.

Formulation and Characterization of Sungkai Leaf Extract Nanoemulsion Dista, Rama; Larasati, Cindy; Ayuningsih, Sylvia; Anggraeni, Nurah; Batubara, Irmanida
Al-Kimia Vol 10 No 2 (2022): DECEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v10i2.33482

Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) leaves are empirically used for various treatments, and their efficacy can be enhanced using nanoparticle technology, especially nanoemulsions. The purpose was to find the best nanoemulsion formula (NES) containing sungkai leaf extract (EDS). Sungkai leaves were extracted with 70% ethanol, and the compounds were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. NES was formed by mixing EDS (260, 400, and 530 mg), VCO, tween80, PEG400, soy lecithin, sodium alginate, and deionized water. The NES formed were characterized by particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, pH, viscosity, percent transmittance, and physical stability test. The results showed that EDS contains at least seven compounds, with eupatilin as a dominant compound. The characterization results obtained NES with a particle size range of 270–520 nm with a PDI value of 0.413–0.608. NES was categorized as stable with a zeta potential value of -45.9 to -48.7 mV and no phase separation based on the centrifugation test. NES has a viscosity of about 1.90–2.03 cP, pH 7, and a percent transmittance of 93–98%. The best formula is the formula with EDS F1 (260 mg). Thus, NES has the potential for the development of multiple treatment targets.

A Analisis Kadar Total Fenol Pada Ekstrak Kelor (Moringa Oliefera Lamk.) dalam Minyak Nabati Mahmudah, Rif'atul; Muslimah; Yulianti, Eny
Al-Kimia Vol 11 No 1 (2023): JUNE
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v11i1.32781

Vegetable oil extract moringa leaf (Moringa Oleifera Lamk.) is an herbal oil that has the potential as a medicine. The study aimed to determine the content of secondary metabolites through photochemical tests and the total phenol content of Moringa leaf extract in extra virgin olive oil and virgin coconut oil. The extraction method used is hot maceration with various doses of Moringa leaves. The best amount is used by extraction with variations in temperature and heating time. The functional groups of herbal oils were identified using an FTIR spectrophotometer. Phytochemical test results showed that the vegetable oil extract of Moringa leaf contains secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, and tannins. The highest total phenol content in Moringa leaf extract in virgin olive oil at a concentration of 40%, extraction temperature 50°C with a heating time of 2 hours with a total phenol content value of 15.78% GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalent). The results of the FTIR interpretation show that herbal oils have O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C aromatic, C-O, and aliphatic C-H functional groups.

Liquid Soap Formulation of Lahuna Leaf Extract (Eupatorium odoratum) and Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L.) and Activity Tests Against Escherichia coli Elfira Jumrah; Rosmaniar
Al-Kimia Vol 11 No 1 (2023): JUNE
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v11i1.34386

Lahuna and betel are plants that have been used traditionally as medicine. The content of secondary metabolites in lahuna and betel leaves can be used as active compounds in the manufacture of liquid soap. This study aims to evaluate liquid soap formulations of lahuna leaf extract and betel leaf extract and to test its activity against Escherichia coli. The research method used was pH test, organoleptic test, homogeneity test, foam height test, water content test according to SNI 1996 and antibacterial activity test with agar diffusion method. The results showed that the liquid soap formulation was in accordance with SNI 1996 which was based on pH test, organoleptic test, homogeneity test, foam height test and water content test. Also, the liquid soap formulation has very strong activity against Escherichia coli characterized by a clear zone that is formed more than 19 mm

Stigmasterol (Steroid) From Leaves of Solanum ferox L (Sour Eggplant) Plant Hazimah; Fadhli, Haiyul; Fitriyah, Dina
Al-Kimia Vol 11 No 1 (2023): JUNE
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v11i1.35337

Solanum ferox L is a vegetable that is often used as a flavor in cooking that belongs to the Solanaceae family. Solanum ferox L contains terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds. Solanum ferox has various bioactive compounds used as antirheumatic, antiasthma, antiviral, anticancer, and antibacterial. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the stigmasterol compound from the Solanum ferox plant. The compound was elucidated by UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopy and was named HSF. The HSF compound has the chemical formula C29H48O and the name is Stigmasterol.

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Contact Name
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Journal Mail Official
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Location
Kab. gowa,

Sulawesi selatan

INDONESIA