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Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 26139456     EISSN : 25992570     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture publishes original articles, review articles, case studies and short communications on the fundamentals, applications and management of Sustainable Agriculture areas in collaboration with Indonesian Agrotechnology / Agroecotechnology Association (PAGI), Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network), and Indonesian Agricultural Higher Education Communication Forum (FKPTPI). This journal has two issues in a year and it will be published in April and October.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 100 Documents
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The Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized with Tannic Acid for Nano-Priming on Zea mays L. Seeds Germination Handayani, Windri; Tanadi, Richard Owen; Umar, Aminah
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i1.85977

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have various benefits for application in the agricultural sector, such as nano-seed priming to enhance seedling growth and development. In this research, the effectiveness of AgNPs sizes and concentration to enhance Zea mays seeds germination has been investigated. The AgNPs were synthesized using various concentrations of tannic acid (0.025, 0.25, and 5 mM) to produce AgNPs with different sizes to know their optimum size and concentration. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to determine the absorption spectrum of AgNPs within 400 to 500 nm. Besides that, a transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to determine the size and shape of the AgNPs, and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentration. The results show AgNPs with sizes of 13.39±2.40, 27.25±4.09, and 46.7±10.75 nm, respectively. Subsequently, AgNPs with concentrations of ~8, ~16, and ~24 mg l-1 were exposed to Z. mays seeds for 24 hours, then germinated for 14 days. The results revealed that AgNPs with a size of ~27 nm and a concentration of ~24 mg l-1 showed the highest germination rate and growth despite the control and other treatments. This indicates that the AgNPs with those properties have the potential as a seed nano-priming agent.
Phytohormone-Based Biostimulants as an Alternative Mitigating Strategy for Horticultural Plants Grown Under Adverse Multi-Stress Conditions: Common South African Stress Factors Khetsha, Zenzile; Van der Watt, Elmarie; Masowa, Maxson; Legodi, Lesetja; Satshi, Sanelisiwe; Sadiki, Lethabo; Moyo, Kenoni
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i1.80530

Abstract

Worldwide, it has been recorded extensively that plants are subjected to severe abiotic and biotic stressors. The scientific research community has widely reported that multi-abiotic stressors cause horticultural crop losses, accounting for at least 50 to 70% of the crop yield and quality losses. Therefore, this review focused on the detrimental effects caused by abiotic stress factors occurring in single-, combined- and multi-cell stresses on horticultural plants worldwide, along with the best production systems practices for mitigation during and post-single and combined abiotic or multi-stress damages. A conclusion and recommendation could be reached using the pool of research material, which constituted research articles, reviews, book chapters, thesis, research short communications and industrial short communications from at least twenty-five years ago. Findings showed that some of the leading abiotic stresses are single- and combined abiotic stressors like water deficit, salinity, soil pH, phosphate deficiency, wounding, soil density and pot size. Established commercial and smallholder farmers are globally adapting to plant growth regulators and biostimulants as part of their production systems. However, as much as the effectiveness of biostimulants containing humic acids, algal extracts, plant growth-promoting microorganisms and phytohormones has been reported to promote plant development under multi-stress, only a few studies are focusing on organic phytohormone-based biostimulants on horticultural crops grown under adverse multi stress factoring. In conclusion, the review recommends alternative solutions for emerging South African farmers and growers who cannot afford agricultural insurance options and energy alternatives on the common single- and combined abiotic- or multi-stress-factors.
Jakaba Undercover: Taxonomic Riddle and Potency in Indonesian Agriculture Fadilah, Risya Ayudya; Kurnia, Methodius Digna; Putra, Ivan Permana
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i2.89049

Abstract

Excessive use of chemical fertilizers leads to serious environmental and health issues, while organic biofertilizers offer a sustainable solution. Jakaba or “jamur keberuntungan abadi,” a local liquid organic fertilizer derived from fungi, is increasingly used by Indonesian farmers. However, its taxonomy and potential applications require further investigation. Moreover, the effects of jakaba on Fusarium and its impact on maize growth remain unexplored. This study aims to characterize jakaba comprehensively, evaluate its anti-Fusarium properties, conduct pathogenicity tests, and assess its effects on maize growth. Morphological analysis of fresh jakaba fruiting bodies was conducted, and molecular identification was performed based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1/4 regions. The antagonistic test was done using plant pathogenic fungi (Fusarium sp.). In addition, jakaba was evaluated for its impact on the vegetative growth of maize. Observations identified jakaba as belonging to the genus Corallomycetella, characterized by coral-shaped fruiting bodies with an orange hue and a white tip. The hyphae are septate, spore hyaline, and ellipsoid. The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis revealed that jakaba was Corallomycetella repens, with a query cover of 99% and a phylogenetic tree 96% bootstrap (BS) value. Jakaba exhibits antibiosis activity against Fusarium sp., with an inhibition rate of 5.64%. Although C. repens has been previously identified as a cause of root rot in Indonesia, the current study reveals that jakaba is not pathogenic to maize. Furthermore, the application of jakaba’s liquid organic fertilizer at a concentration of 40 ml l-1 significantly increased plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and stem diameter compared to other treatments. These findings highlight jakaba potential as a biofertilizer.
New Challenges and Opportunities of Indonesian Crude Palm Oil in International Trade Sulaiman, Andi Amran; Amiruddin, Achmad; Bahrun, Abd Haris; Yuna, Kanazawa; Keela, Mathurada
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i1.81957

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the largest palm oil producers in the world. The palm oil industry must look at the market competition map, starting from competing countries and other export opportunities to absorb palm oil products to increase state revenues. This paper analyzes the new challenges and opportunities for Crude Palm Oil (CPO) in Indonesia in international trade. Analytical tools were Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Dynamic Product Export and X-model Potential Export. The results showed that Indonesian and Malaysian palm oil commodities obtained an RCA value of more than 1 and an RSCA value of close to 1. Indonesia is more competitive than Malaysia. The X-model showed that Indonesian CPO market share optimism is only in India and the rest is less potent. Malaysian CPO market share also has less potential. Therefore, Indonesia’s new challenges are export tariffs, obstructed access, insufficient downstream production and a black campaign. The opportunity for participation in the CPO export market is only in India compared to Malaysia, which has less potential. The two countries have less potential in destinations such as the Netherlands, USA, China and Kenya. Indonesia can take external policies by establishing cooperation with export destination countries, such as trade agreements, so that information about Indonesian palm oil is well received. Meanwhile, internal policies strengthen domestic downstream industry policies, such as the food, health, and renewable energy industries, to strengthen the domestic economy and improve the welfare of Indonesian palm oil farmers.
The Efficiency of Seed Priming with Dead Sea Water for Improving Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salinity Tamimi, Samih Mohammad
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i2.87161

Abstract

Salinity is considered the most critical environmental factor which negatively affects the germination and growth of plants. In this study, the potential of using Dead Sea water (DS) as a seed priming agent for the mitigation of the adverse effects of salinity on seed germination and growth performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated. Germination of wheat seeds primed with different doses of DS; 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% were evaluated under different saline conditions (0, 100, 200, and 300 mM NaCl). High salinity (300 mM NaCl) remarkably inhibited germination attributes and reduced seedling length. However, seeds primed with DS exhibited improved germination parameters and seedling growth. Among the different DS concentrations used, the 10% DS priming achieved the highest increase in final germination percentage tolerance, germination index, relative germination salt tolerance, and seedling length. The increased tolerance to salinity was associated with improved water imbibition, α-amylase activity, antioxidant capacity and osmotic homeostasis correlated with high proline and soluble sugar levels. In addition, DS priming increased the membrane stability index, and reduced malondialdehyde content and K+ leakage besides lowering Na+/K+ ratio. Overall, priming with DS could be a promising strategy for minimizing the damaging effects of salinity in wheat.
Social Environmental Support in Encouraging Entrepreneurial Behavior of Millennial Farmers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia: An Effort to Realize Sustainable Agriculture Qonita, Raden Rara Aulia; Masyhuri, Masyhuri; Jamhari, Jamhari; Perwitasari, Hani
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i1.92724

Abstract

Sustainable agriculture offers new hope in overcoming the challenges of the decreasing interest of the younger generation in the agricultural sector. Millennial farmers, as part of this younger generation, are the key to successfully implementing sustainable agricultural development. This study aims to explore the influence of the role of parents, friends, extension workers, and media exposure on the entrepreneurial behavior of millennial farmers, and to explore the influence of entrepreneurial behavior on the financial performance of millennial farmers. The research was conducted in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which was the first province to inaugurate 1,000 millennial farmers. The research sample consisted of 200 millennial farmers, selected using a simple random sampling method. The analysis employed Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results reveal that the role of parents does not significantly influence millennial farmers’ entrepreneurial behavior. The role of friends, agricultural extension workers, and media exposure significantly influence millennial farmers’ entrepreneurial behavior. Friends provide motivation, support, and share information. Agricultural extension workers offer knowledge transfer, technology, and programs from the government. Media exposure contributes by providing knowledge and shaping perceptions and behavior. Entrepreneurial behavior has a positive and significant influence on financial performance. The research results impact millennial farmers’ regional commissariat/farmer groups, the extension services by agricultural extension workers, and the media for millennial farmers. It is recommended that policies be implemented to strengthen the role of the regional commissariat of millennial farmers/farmer groups, improve extension services, and develop media relevant to millennial farmers.
Biochar Quality During Slow Pyrolysis from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Its Application as Soil Ameliorant Maulana, Amsar; Harianti, Mimien; Athiyya, Salma; Prasetyo, Teguh Budi; Monikasari, Moli; Darfis, Irwan; Rezki, Dewi; Herviyanti, Herviyanti
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i1.93859

Abstract

The optimal utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) waste holds significant potential for biomass bioconversion via slow pyrolysis, presenting a promising alternative for producing high-quality biochar as a soil ameliorant. This study investigates the effects of slow pyrolysis temperatures (≤ 300 °C) on the physicochemical properties of biochar derived from OPEFB and evaluates its efficacy as a soil ameliorant. This study utilized a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications across two experiments. The first experiment assessed the effect of slow pyrolysis temperature on the quality of biochar derived from OPEFB, with treatments set at four temperatures (150, 200, 250, and 300 °C) levels. The second experiment evaluated the impact of the selected biochar on the surface charge of oil palm plantation soil, applying biochar at five different doses (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 tons ha-¹). The potential temperature of 200 °C in slow pyrolysis had a significant effect on the quality of biochar from OPEFB with a yield ratio of 27.84% char; proximate (91.95% volatile matter and 0.81% fixed carbon), cation exchange capacity (CEC) [167.73 cmol(+) kg-1], and macro and micronutrients (e.g., C, N, P, K, Ca, Si, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn). The potential of O-H, N-H, C-H, and C=O functional groups of biochar from OPEFB for nutrient availability and absorption efficiency proven by the effect of 40 tons ha-1 biochar from OPEFB which significantly increased 80% of soil surface charge [pH by 0.80; organic matter (OM) composition by 19.8%, CEC by 11 cmol(+) kg-1] and nutrients [0.93% C; 0.04% N; 17.57 ppm P2O5; 0.65 cmol(+) kg-1 K] on Inceptisols.
The Prebiotic Index of Dried-Growol Made with Different Cassava Varieties and Cooking Methods Wariyah, Chatarina; Huda, Nurul; Slamet, Agus
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i1.84506

Abstract

Cassava is a staple food source of carbohydrates that contain high starch levels. However, low amylose starch consumption can result in increased postprandial blood sugar. Therefore, it is necessary to provide food based on cassava, such as dried-growol, which gives a feeling of satiety for a long time and has a prebiotic effect. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of cassava varieties and cooking methods on the resistant starch (RS) content and the prebiotic index of dried-growol produced. This research was carried out in a completely randomized factorial design with two factors, namely cassava variety (M = Mentega, L = Lanting, and K = Ketan) and dried-growol cooking method (Au = Autoclave, ST = Steaming, and PC = Pressure cooker). Dried-growol was processed through preparation, fermentation, boiling, cooling, and drying. The cassava and dried-growol were analyzed for their moisture, starch, amylose, and RS content, while the prebiotic index was analyzed on dried-growol. Prebiotic index testing used two cultures of lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus plantarum. The results showed that RS levels were only influenced by cassava varieties. Dried-growols from the Lanting variety, cooked with steaming (L-ST) and with a pressure cooker (L-PC), contain high RS, ranging between 22.51 and 27.03 g 100 g-1 dry matter, and have potential as prebiotic food as indicated by the increased viability of L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum bacteria grown in media with cooked dried-growol supplements of L-ST or L-PC, with a prebiotic index between 0.82 and 0.90. Thus, dried-growol has the potential to be a functional prebiotic food that can serve as a staple food that is beneficial for health.
Screening 27 Genotypes of Eggplant (Solanum melongena) for Resistance to Three Species of Begomovirus Noviana, Dian Yogi; Murti, Rudi Hari; Basunanda, Panjisakti; Wahyuni, Ratih; Pertiwi, Mustika Ajeng Kartini Putri
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i1.91211

Abstract

Three primary species of Begomovirus, Tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus (TYLCKaV), Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV), and Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), have significantly impacted eggplant production in Indonesia, with infections often involving multiple viruses causing severe symptoms. Utilizing resistant cultivars for these viruses is the most effective control method. This study aimed to identify resistant genotypes and evaluate the heritability of eggplant resistance to Begomovirus. In a controlled environment, 27 eggplant genotypes were inoculated with the single of three Begomovirus species separately (molecularly confirmed), using Bemisia tabaci as a vector. The plants were inoculated at the seedling growth stage and observed weekly until the disease progression stabilized. These assessments included monitoring symptoms, the number of symptomatic plants, and assigning disease severity scores to each individual. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey-HSD tests at α = 5%. The results indicated that EPA 21016 A genotype was resistant to TYLCKaV, with the lowest disease incidence (2.5%) and severity (1.25%), making it a promising parental line for breeding virus-resistant cultivars. However, all genotypes were susceptible to PepYLCIV and ToLCNDV, with a 100% disease incidence. High heritability for TYLCKaV resistance suggests its potential for early-generation selection, while low heritability for PepYLCIV and ToLCNDV indicates the need for enhanced genetic variability.
Decolorization and Bioelectricity Generation from Palm Oil Mill Effluent by a Photosynthetic Bacterial Consortium Chaijak, Pimprapa; Kongthong, Alisa
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i1.92943

Abstract

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the dark brown agricultural wastewater from palm oil extraction factories. It is difficult to decolorize using conventional methods. Melanoidin is a dark-colored polymer formed through the Maillard reaction which is the primary cause of the dark color in POME. This study investigated the potential of a photosynthetic bacterial consortium consisting of Blastochloris sulfoviridis and Lentimicrobium saccharophilum for POME treatment and bioenergy generation. The consortium effectively removed melanoidin content (68.89±0.84%) and color (60.87±1.22%) from POME without the addition of chemicals or culture medium. Additionally, a microbial fuel cell (MFC) integrated with the consortium generated apower output of up to 5.70±1.06 W m-3. The degraded metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after treatment. The results revealed that melanoidin was converted to 1-ethyl-2-methylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, dodecamethylcyclohexane, butylated hydroxytoluene, and stigmasta-3,5-diene. Following treatment, the cell pellet was recovered and analyzed for valuable by-products. Carotenoid and astaxanthin pigments were extracted with yields of 0.32±0.01 and 0.02±0.00 mg g-1, respectively. These findings demonstrate the versatility of the photosynthetic bacterial consortium, which offers a sustainable solution for POME treatment while simultaneously POME decolorization and producing bioenergy and valuable compounds.

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