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Chimica et Natura Acta
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 23550864     EISSN : 25412574     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Chimica et Natura Acta diterbitkan oleh Departemen Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Padjadjaran tiga kali setiap tahun pada bulan April, Agustus dan Desember. Artikel yang dimuat mencakup Kimia Analisis dan Pemisahan, Kimia Material, Kimia Energi dan Lingkungan, Kimia Organik Bahan Alam dan Sintesis, Biomolekular Pangan dan Kesehatan serta topik-topik lain yang berhubungan dengan ilmu Kimia.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 13, No 3 (2025)" : 10 Documents clear
Biosynthesis, Characterization of Curcumin-Capped Zno-Cuo and Chitosan-Curcumin-Capped Zno-Cuo based Nanomaterial as Antibacterial Agent of Escherichia coli Fatoni, Ahmad; Umli, Afnita Fatmawati; Sriwijaya, Reza Agung; Hilma, Hilma; Hidayati, Nurlisa
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n3.62946

Abstract

The biofabrication of the chitosan-curcumin-capped ZnO-CuO and curcumin-capped ZnO-CuO nanoparticles, as well as their ability to combat Escherichia coli bacteria, were the focus of this study. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the chitosan-curcumin-capped ZnO-CuO and curcumin-capped ZnO-CuO nanoparticles, respectively. Both were evaluated using the agar diffusion method as antibacterials against Escherichia coli. Results of analysis with FTIR, between 500 and 700 cm⁻¹, the functional group of Cu-O or Zn-O was seen at its highest point. The functional group of Cu-O and Zn-O in curcumin-capped ZnO-CuO was detected at wavenumber of 621 cm⁻¹ and 507 cm⁻¹, respectively. In chitosan-curcumin-capped ZnO-CuO, the wave numbers of the Cu-O and Zn-O groups were observed at 619 and 653 cm-1 respectively.  According to XRD analysis results, the chitosan-curcumin-capped ZnO-CuO and curcumin-capped ZnO-CuO nanoparticles' crystalline shapes are demonstrated by their respective crystallite sizes of 12.58 and 1.88 nm. Based on the results of analysis with SEM, curcumin-capped ZnO-CuO and chitosan-curcumin-capped ZnO-CuO nanoparticles have a dense surface structure. The average diameter of inhibition zone (clear zone) produced by chit-cur-ZnO-CuO nanoparticles is 14.61 mm, while the clear zone produced by cur-ZnO-CuO nanoparticles is 9.52 mm. Chit-cur-ZnO-CuO has superior antibacterial qualities to cur-ZnO-CuO nanoparticles.
Kuntze Metabolite Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Vincetoxicum villosum (Blume) Kuntze Sari, Anjeli Rama; Ruyani, Aceng; Ismaini, Lily; Hartuti, Endah Dwi
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n3.60012

Abstract

Vincetoxicum villosum belongs to the Apocynaceae family. V. villosum is often used as a traditional medicine for treating jaundice, gallstones, kidney stones, hepatitis B, and liver diseases. This study aims to determine the metabolite profile and antioxidant activity of V. villosum to provide new information and serve as a reference for its safe use as a medicinal plant. The methods used to determine the metabolite profile involved GC-MS, and antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method. GC-MS analysis showed that V. villosum leaf extract contains n-hexadecanoic acid, phytol, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (Z,Z,Z)-, and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol which have potential antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity in V. villosum leaves is classified as very weak, with  IC50 ranging 0.6 – 1.6 mg/mL, with the best antioxidant activity observed in polar solvents (ethanol extract) with a maceration time of 72 hours. The highest total phenol content was obtained using ethanol solvent with a maceration time of 72 hours, amounting to 416.17 mg GAE/g, and the highest total flavonoid content was obtained using ethyl acetate solvent with a maceration time of 24 hours, amounting to 168.78 mg QE/g
Study and Characterization of Nitration of Isovanillic Acid Derivatives using NMR and Mass Spectroscopy Hermawati, Elvira; Sa'adah, Pipih Lutfi; Danova, Ade; Mujahidin, Didin; Musthapa, Iqbal
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n3.62271

Abstract

Isovanillic acid and its derivatives serve as precursors in the synthesis of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which are used to treat cancer cell lines. A crucial step in this process is the nitration of isovanillic acid through nucleophilic aromatic substitution, resulting in 6-nitroisovanilic acid and its derivatives, which act as intermediates for forming a quinazolinone ring. However, this study revealed that direct nitration of isovanillic acid derivatives led to unexpected products, such as 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2,6-dinitrobenzoic acid (1) and 4-(3-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)propyl)morpholine (4). Additionally, the optimal conditions for etherification of 2 with N-(3-chloropropyl)morpholine to produce 3 involved using Cs2CO3 in DMF and refluxing for 7 hours, achieving an 89% yield. All synthesized compounds were characterized using NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry was employed for two compounds (3, 4). Compound 1 represents the first report of direct nitration of isovanillic acid. Compound 4 was synthesized for the first time from 3 through a one-pot process involving hydrolysis and decarboxylation, followed by nitration at carbon C-1 without metal catalysis, as confirmed by a NOESY 1D experiment. Moreover, the application of 4 could hold promise for future advancements in medicinal chemistry.
The Activity of Unripe Wood Apple (Limonia acidissima Groff) Peel and Flesh Extracts in Inhibiting Diarrhe-Causing Bacteria Idar, Idar; Sukmawati, Ika Kurnia; Kurnia, Dewi; Nurjanah, Tina Siti; Hutasoit, Lestari
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n3.60492

Abstract

Diarrhea is characterized by having liquid stool more often than usual, typically occurring three or more times within a 24-hour period. While rarely fatal, it can disrupt daily life and is often treated with antibiotics due to pathogens like Bacillus cereus, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhimurium. An overgrowth of Escherichia coli can also be a contributing factor. Recent studies suggest that unripe wood apples may have antibacterial properties. This study evaluates the antibacterial activity of extracts from the peel and flesh of the fruit against the bacteria, as mentioned earlier. Using disk diffusion, microdilution, and bioautography methods, it was found that the ethanol extract inhibited Bacillus cereus and Shigella sonnei, while the flesh extract affected Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. The bioautography test, however, showed no antibacterial activity from either extract, likely due to their low concentration. In conclusion, the peel and flesh extracts of unripe wood apples exhibit potential antibacterial activity against diarrhea-causing bacteria, particularly Bacillus cereus.
In Silico Approach of Flavonol in Hibiscus sabdariffa as Proteasome Inhibitors Targeting the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway Choironi, Nur Amalia; Prameswari, Syakhsiyatunnisa Galuh; Baroroh, Hanif Nasiatul
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n3.63571

Abstract

Multiple myeloma is a blood cancer characterized by the abnormal proliferation of B cells that accumulate in the bone marrow. The proliferation of these cells depends on the role of the proteasome through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to degrade proteins that regulate the cell cycle, apoptosis, and stress response. The proteasome is the main target of proteasome inhibitors for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Flavonoid compounds in Hibiscus sabdariffa flowers, such as isoquercitrin, quercitrin, quercetagetin, isorhamnetin, and astragalin, have the potential to act as proteasome inhibitors. The insilico study aims to determine the potential of these compounds as proteasome inhibitors based on the results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina, PyMol, and BIOVIA Discovery Studio. The best compounds from the docking results were then tested for interaction stability through molecular dynamics using YASARA software. Quercetagetin, isoquercitrin, and isohamnetin, based on the results of molecular docking, have the lowest binding affinity of -6.0, -5.7, and -5.5 kcal/mol, respectively. The three compounds bind to the active site of the 20S proteasome, namely Thr1, Ala20, Thr21, and Ala49. The RMSD values in the molecular dynamics of quercetagetin (1.290 Å), isorhamnetin (1.839 Å), and carfilzomib (1.843 Å). The binding affinity of quercetagetin (-422.623 kJ/mol), isorhamnetin (-438.388 kJ/mol), and carfilzomib (664.956 kJ/mol). Molecular docking and molecular dynamics findings indicate that isorhamnetin binds to the amino acid residues Thr1 and Ala49, which are the active sites of the 20S proteasome.
Statistical Validation of The Microplate Reader for Antioxidant Activity Measurement using The DPPH Assay Rismawati, Rismawati; Kurnia, Dikdik; Hafiz, Ersanda; Zein, Muhammad Ihda H. L.
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n3.61575

Abstract

Antioxidants research has been garnering increased interest among researchers, particularly in the fields of medicine and health, focusing on both natural and synthetic antioxidants. The DPPH method is the most used approach for antioxidant analysis due to its efficiency, simplicity, and accuracy. This study aims to validate the sensitivity of the microplate reader compared to UV-Vis spectrophotometer, both used for measuring absorbance in the DPPH antioxidant test. The samples used in this study include ascorbic acid, gallic acid, and quercetin standards. Statistical validation in the DPPH antioxidant test includes precision testing, T-test, and % recovery test. Based on the statistically analyzed results, the T-test values for ascorbic acid, gallic acid, and quercetin standards were 0.86, 1.52 and 0.20, respectively, all of which are less than the t-table value of 1.72. The T-test values being less than the t-table value indicates that there is no significant difference between the two methods, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and microplate reader. Meanwhile, the precision test (Horrat)r values for the two methods were 0.52, 0.33, and 0.34, respectively. These precision values (Horrat)r fall within the 0.3-1.5 range, indicating acceptable precision. Additionally, the % recovery test for gallic acid showed values in the 90-100% range, indicating that both methods possess good sensitivity. As a result, a microplate reader is equally reliable yet more practical (faster, high-throughput, smaller volumes), especially valuable for labs with limited resources.
Exploring the Synergistic Effect of Curcumin on Gelatin Films for Real-Time Pork Freshness Assessment Adu, Risna Erni Yati; Gelyaman, Gebhardus Djugian; Kia, Kristoforus Wilson; Oki, Emirensiana; Silab, Maria Desi; Knaofmone, Angelina
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n3.57995

Abstract

A smart film based on hydromethanol-curcumin has been developed as a freshness detector for local packaged pork. It was fabricated using solution casting method by varying the curcumin content to determine its effect on the chemical, physical, mechanical and functional characteristics of the film. Film characteristics were determined using colorimeter, TGA, FTIR, SEM and bioactivity assay. Film response was analyzed in different pH buffer solutions, different acid base media and pork samples during the storage period. Film characteristics such as antioxidant, antibacterial activity and surface color was improved by increasing curcumin concentration. On the other hand, mechanical dan physicochemical characteristics such as tensile strength, water content, swelling index and water solubility decreased along with increasing curcumin concentration. Curcumin concentration have no significant effect on the thermal stability and color brightness of the film. SEM images show that increasing curcumin concentration results in aggregation of the gelatin biopolymer matrix. Gelatin-curcumin film was sensitive to pH changes either in gas or liquid media. The properties of the proposed film have high potential to be used as a freshness detector for local packaged pork.
Chemical Profile of Earthworm Flour with Kasgot Media Enriched with Cow Blood and Date Pulp Ahdavia, Ikrima; Helmi, Imra Atun; Nufus, Hidayati; Farid, Muhammad; Sjahriza, Ahmad
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n3.61732

Abstract

Fish meal is used as an ideal protein source for feed with a high level of digestibility but its limited and costly. This study explores earthworm flour as an alternative protein source, cultivated in kasgot (maggot residue) media enriched with organic waste. The novelty of this research lies in using maggot residue as the living medium for earthworms, enhancing the nutritional value of the earthworm flour, making it more beneficial and suitable as an additive protein feed ingredient. The kasgot medium was formulated by mixing boiled cow blood with date pulp fermented with EM4 probiotics in three different ratios: 2:1 (P1), 1:1 (P2), and 1:2 (P3). The gravimetric, Kjeldahl, and Soxhlet were used to measure water, ash, protein, and fat content. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with post-column derivatization was applied to identify and measure the amino acid level in earthworm flour. Gas Chromatography (GC) was used to analyze fatty acids using the esterification method. The results of the analysis showed that good earthworm flours were P1 and P3. Water, ash, protein, and fat content in P1 were 2.49%, 7.11%, 56.09%, and 18.70%, respectively. Meanwhile, P3 had a water content of 2.87%, ash content of 7.06%, protein of 54.25%, and fat of 23.77%. The highest content of amino acids in P1 was glutamine (7.66 ppm) and lysine (5.37 ppm). The highest content of fatty acids in P3 was oleic acid (13.41%) and palmitic acid (13.37%). These findings suggest that high protein earthworm flour, particularly from P1 formulations, is a promising alternative protein source for animal feed, offering a sustainable and cost-effective solution to the challenges associated with traditional protein sources.
Network Pharmacology of Ki Encok (Plumbago zeylanica Linn) Plant as A Treatment for Osteoarthritis Purwoko, Mitayani; Mundijo, Trisnawati; Widyadi, Yoshiko
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n3.61349

Abstract

One of the plants in Indonesia used by the community to treat gout or Osteoarthritis (OA) is the Ki Encok plant (Plumbago zeylanica Linn). However, it is currently unknown what active substances play a role in the therapy process for gout or OA and what the pathway is. This study aimed to predict the pharmacological mechanism of the active content of Encok leaves against OA disease. This study used an in silico experimental test. The content of active plant substances was extracted from IMPPAT and KNAPSACK. Then, the target proteins of all these active substances were searched for, including target proteins involved in OA disease, through the GeneCards database. Common targets were then analyzed using the STRING database. Pathways involved in OA therapy by P. zeylanica Linn were analyzed using Gene Ontology. The active substances P. zeylanica plant are 52 components with 163 protein targets. Proteins involved in the pathogenesis of OA were found to be 5,394 proteins. Common targets were found to be 100 proteins. After being analyzed based on degree, the top 10 common targets that may play a role are ALB, TNF, INS, AKT1, TP53, IL6, PPARG, ESR1, HIF1A, and JUN. The active compounds contained in P. zeylanica with target proteins that match OA are D-glucose, vanillic acid, beta-stigmasterol, isoorientin, and lupeol.
Potential of Chitosan-Encapsulated Mango Leaf Extract Nanoemulsion as Fruit Packaging Putra, Panji Setya Utama; Adhika, Damar Rastri; Asri, Lia Amelia Tresna Wulan
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n3.56202

Abstract

Fruits have a relatively short shelf life. One of the extensively researched preservation methods for fruits is edible coating. Edible coating is a method of coating food products with a polymer layer. Considering the environmental and sustainability aspects, edible coatings were synthesized from biodegradable polymers derived from polysaccharides. Chitosan is a widely developed and researched type of biopolymer due to its antimicrobial activity. In addition to antimicrobial activity, antioxidant properties are important in food packaging applications. Mango leaves (Mangifera indica L.) contain various secondary metabolites that play a role in antioxidant activity, such as mangiferin, gallic acid, flavonoids, and gallotanin. In this study, mango leaf extract nanoemulsion was synthesized to improve the antioxidant and anti-UV properties of biopolymer chitosan-based fruit packaging. Mango leaf extract nanoemulsion was synthesized using surfactant and ultrasonication methods. The results of Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) measurements showed that the size of all nanoemulsions was 83-99 nm. Observations with Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) showed that the nanoemulsion was spherical with a 15-46 nm size range. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer instrument was used to test antioxidant properties using the DPPH reagent and anti-UV activity. These tests showed that adding mango leaf extract concentration to the nanoemulsion system increased DPPH inhibition and absorbance against UV light. The results of the performance test of mango leaf extract nanoemulsion encapsulated by chitosan have a high potential to be used as a bio-based edible coating matrix and a substitute for materials that are difficult to degrade.

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