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Isolasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder dari Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Batang Bauhinia semibifida Roxb. dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Haiyul Fadhli; Nur Fitria Rohmatul Ummah; Noveri Rahmawati
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 17, No 1 (2021): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.17.1.42268.132-139

Kulit batang Bauhinia semibifida Roxb. telah lama digunakan sebagai obat tradisional oleh masyarakat Melayu Lingga, Kepulauan Riau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan menguji aktivitas antioksidan senyawa metabolit sekunder dari ekstrak metanol kulit batang B. semibifida Roxb. Tiga isolat murni berupa satu senyawa alkaloid (BR1) dan dua senyawa flavonoid (BR2 dan BR3) telah berhasil diisolasi dengan cara ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dan dilanjutkan fraksinasi dengan metode kromatografi kolom. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan terhadap isolat dengan metode 2,2 difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Senyawa isolat BR1 menunjukan IC50 >1000 µg/mL dikategorikan tidak aktif sebagai antioksidan, sedangkan senyawa isolat BR2 dan BR3 menunjukan IC50 2,92 µg/mL dan 4,39 µg/mL dikategorikan sangat kuat sebagai antioksidan jika dibandingkan dengan vitamin C sebagai kontrol. Berdasarkan evaluasi aktivitas antioksidan senyawa BR2 adalah senyawa pilihan yang dilanjutkan identifikasi dengan spektroskopi Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) dan Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) sehingga diduga senyawa isolat memiliki struktur dasar senyawa flavonoid.Isolation of Secondary Metabolite Compounds of Methanolic Extract of Steam Bark Bauhinia semibifida Roxb. and Their Antioxidant Activites. Stem bark of Bauhinia semibifida Roxb. has been long consumed as a medicinal herb by Lingga Malaya Ethnic. Therefore, this research aimed to isolate and examines the antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites from methanol extract of stembark of Bauhinia semibifida Roxb. Three pure compounds which are an alkaloid (BR1) and two flavonoids (BR2 and BR3) have been isolated by extraction using maceration method followed by fractionation using column chromatography method. Antioxidant activity assay was carried out by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Compound BR1 showed IC50 >1000 µg/mL categorized as inactive as an antioxidant, while compounds BR2 and BR3 showed IC50 2.92 µg/mL and 4.394 µg/mL, respectively, categorized as very strong as an antioxidant when compared to vitamin C as a control. Based on the evaluation of the antioxidant activity, the BR2 was selected compound and continued to identification by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy so that the isolate has the basic structure of flavonoid compound.

Pengaruh Suhu Kalsinasi terhadap Karakteristik Komposit Forsterit-Karbon Tersintesis dalam Medium Gas Argon Solihudin Solihudin; Haryono Haryono; Atiek Rostika Noviyanti; Muhammad Rizky Ridwansyah
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 16, No 2 (2020): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.16.2.34845.163-170

Komposit forsterit-karbon merupakan salah satu material modifikasi dari forsterit yang berpotensi memiliki sifat isolator panas baik. Karbon dalam komposit dapat mengisi cacat titik pada kristal forsterit. Arang sekam padi (residu gasifikasi) mengandung SiO2 amorf dan karbon yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh suhu kalsinasi dalam medium gas inert (dengan pengaliran gas argon) terhadap karakteristik komposit forsterit-karbon dari arang sekam padi dan magnesium karbonat. Metode penelitian meliputi preparasi arang sekam padi hasil gasifikasi, dan sintesis forsterit-karbon. Proses sintesis komposit forsterit karbon dilakukan dengan cara mencampurkan arang sekam padi dengan kalium karbonat pada rasio mol magmesium terhadap silikon sebesar 2 : 1 kemudian dikalsinasi dengan suhu divariasikan (700, 800, 900, dan 1000 oC). Selanjutnya sampel hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dan scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Hasil karakterisasi dengan FTIR dan XRD diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa forsterit mulai terbentuk pada suhu kalisiasi 800 oC dan sempurna pada suhu 1000 oC, karenanya komposit yang terbentuk pada 1000 oC dimungkinkan sebagai forsterit-karbon, di mana unsur-unsur yang terkandung ditunjukkan oleh SEM-EDS. The Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Characteristics of Forsterite-Carbon Composites Synthesized in Argon Gas Medium. Forsterite-carbon composite is one of the material modifications of forsterite, which potentially has a good heat insulation property. Carbon in composites can fill point defects in forsterite crystals. Rice husk charcoal, as gasification residues, contains high amorphous SiO2 and carbon. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on the calcination of a mixture of rice husk charcoal and magnesium carbonate under an inert gas (argon gas) on the characteristics of the forsterite-carbon composite produced. The experimental research performed includes the preparation of gasified rice husk charcoal and the synthesis of the carbon-forsterite composite. The synthesis process of the carbon-forsterite composites was carried out by mixing rice husk charcoal with potassium carbonate at a mole ratio of magnesium to silicon of 2 : 1. The mixture was then calcined with varying temperatures (700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C). Furthermore, the synthesized sample was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The FTIR and XRD analysis show that the forsterites began to form at a calcination temperature of 800 °C and perfectly formed at a temperature of 1000 °C; therefore, the composite formed at 1000 °C is possible as forsterite-carbon, in which the contained elements were indicated by SEM-EDS.

Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Screening Fitokimia Kulit Bligo (Benincasa hispida) Dini Nur Hakiki; Athiefah Fauziyyah; Sri Wijanarti
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 17, No 1 (2021): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.17.1.38675.27-36

Bligo (Benincasa hispida) merupakan tanaman yang tumbuh di daerah tropis dan subtropis. Buah bligo mengandung senyawa-senyawa aktif antara lain flavonoid, glikosida, karoten, vitamin, mineral, dan asam uronat. Penelitian di bidang farmakologi telah mengungkapkan bahwa buah bligo memberikan efek kesehatan, antara lain antidepressant, ansiolitik, antioksidan, antiinflamatori, diuretik, antidiabetik, dan antimikrobia. Namun penelitian di Indonesia mengenai kulit bligo masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan aktivitas antioksidan dan screening fitokimia pada kulit bligo. Kulit bligo dikeringkan kemudian digiling menjadi bubuk ukuran 100 mesh. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan DPPH, dan uji screening fitokimia kualitatif menggunakan LC-MS/MS QTOF. Aktivitas antioksidan pada kulit bligo adalah kelas medium dengan nilai IC50 6,91 mg/mL. Dari hasil analisis LC-MS/MS QTOF diketahui bahwa kulit bligo mengandung 36 senyawa, dengan 5 senyawa dominannya adalah adenosin; polidatin; 7-(4-hidroksi-3-metoksifenil)-l-(4-hidroksifenil)-4E,6E-heptadien-3-on; morasin C; dan kushenol S. Hasil karakterisasi yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kulit bligo berpotensi sebagai senyawa aktif.Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Peel Bligo (Benincasa hispida). Bligo (Benincasa hispida) is a plant that grows in tropical and subtropical regions. Bligo fruit contains active compounds such as flavonoids, glycosides, carotene, vitamins, minerals, and uronic acid. Research in the field of pharmacology has revealed that bligo fruit has health effects, including antidepressants, anxiolytics, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, diuretics, antidiabetic, and antimicrobials. However, research on bligo peel is very limited. This study aims were to carry out antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of bligo peel characteristics. Bligo’s peel was dried and ground into 100 mesh powder. Then antioxidant activity test using DPPH, and qualitative phytochemical screening test using LC-MS/MS QTOF were conducted. The bligo peel is medium class of antioxidant activity with IC50 value was 6.91 mg/mL. From the results of LC-MS/MS QTOF analysis it was known that bligo skin contained 36 compounds, with 5 dominant compounds, namely adenosine; polydatin; 7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4E, 6E-heptadien-3-one; moracin C; and kushenol S. The results of the characterization showed that bligo skin has the potential as a source of active compounds for further utilization.

Pengukuran Total Fenolik, Flavonoid, Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antidiabetes Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Katemas (Euphorbia heterophylla, L.) Secara In Vitro dan In Silico Melalui Inhibisi Enzim α-Glukosidase Rahmiwati Hilma; Netti Gustina; Jufrizal Syahri
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 16, No 2 (2020): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.16.2.40087.240-249

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan antidiabetes ekstrak etil asetat daun katemas (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) secara in vitro dan in silico melalui inhibisi terhadap enzim α-glukosidase. Pada penelitian ini ekstraksi sampel dilakukan menggunakan maserasi bertingkat, dimulai dengan n-heksana, selanjutnya dengan etil asetat. Ekstrak etil asetat yang didapatkan dilakukan pengujian kuantitiatif total fenolik dan flavonoid. Uji aktivitas antioksidan terhadap ekstrak dilakukan menggunakan metode DPPH. Uji aktivitas antidiabetes terhadap ekstrak dilakukan secara in vitro dan in silico melalui inhibisi terhadap enzim α-glukosidase menggunakan akarbose sebagai standar. Uji aktivitas antidiabetes terhadap kandungan senyawa bioaktif ekstrak secara in silico atau molecular docking menggunakan software Discovery Studio 4.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai total fenolik dari ekstrak adalah 4,24 mg GAE/g berat kering dan nilai flavonoid total adalah: 3,22 mg KE/g berat kering. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak didapatkan nilai IC50 sebesar 37,56 µg/mL, digolongkan sebagai aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat. Hasil uji aktivitas antidiabetes secara in vitro didapatkan nilai IC50 sebesar 138,63 µg/mL. Hasil molecular docking memperlihatkan bahwa senyawasenyawa aktif yang terdapat didalam ekstrak mampu membentuk ikatan hidrogen antara ligan dengan reseptor, tapi lebih sedikit jika dibandingkan dengan akarbose.Measurement of Total Phenolic, Flavonoids, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Catemas Leaf Ethyl Acetate Extract (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) by In Vitro and In Silico through Enzim α-Glucosidase Inhibition. This study aims to determine the antidiabetic activity of katemas (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) ethyl acetate extract in vitro and in silico through inhibition of the αglucosidase enzyme. In this study, the sample extraction was carried out by multilevel maceration, starting with n-hexane, then with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extract obtained was quantitatively tested by total phenolic and flavonoids. The antioxidant activity of the extract was tested using the DPPH method. The antidiabetic activity of the extract was examined through inhibiting the enzyme αglucosidase in vitro using a microplate reader and in silico (molecular docking) using Discovery Studio 4.1 software. The results showed that the total phenolic value of the extract was 4.24 mg GAE/g of dry weight, and the total flavonoid value was 3.22 mg KE/g of dry weight. Antioxidant activity test obtained IC50 of 37,56 µg/mL, classified as verry strong antioxidant. The in vitro antidiabetic test examined that IC50 is 138.63 µg/mL. The results of molecular docking showed that the active compounds in the extracts are able to form hydrogen bonds between ligand and receptor; however, the amount was less than the hydrogen bonds formed by acarbose.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Natrium Silikat terhadap Laju Korosi Paduan Aluminium dalam Lingkungan Natrium Klorida 3,5% Rukiah Rukiah; Diding Mandala Putra; Solihudin Solihudin; Yeni Wahyuni Hartati; Atiek Rostika Noviyanti
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 16, No 2 (2020): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.16.2.40927.218-226

Korosi merupakan proses penurunan kualitas logam akibat reaksi logam dengan lingkungannya. Air laut merupakan salah satu sistem yang korosif karena tingginya kadar ion klorida. Ion silikat dengan konsentrasi optimum mampu memperlambat laju korosi pada logam, seperti aluminium. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh ion silikat dalam larutan natrium klorida 3,5% terhadap laju korosi aluminium yang diuji dengan metode potensiostat dan dihitung dengan Ekstrapolasi Tafel. Pengaruh konsentrasi ion silikat terhadap laju korosi diamati pada variasi konsentrasinya yaitu 0, 25, 50, 75, dan 100 mM. Konsentrasi optimum natrium silikat untuk menurunkan laju korosi adalah 25 mM, laju korosi turun dari 0,0118 menjadi 0,0084 mm/tahun. Sebaliknya, penambahan konsentrasi natrium silikat hingga 100 mM, dapat meningkatkan laju korosi menjadi 0,101 mm/tahun.The Effect of Sodium Silicate Concentration on the Corrosion Rate of Aluminum Alloy in Sodium Chloride 3.5%. Corrosion is a process of decreasing the quality of metals due to the reaction of metals with their environment. Seawater is one of the corrosive systems because of the high levels of chloride ions. Silicate ions with optimum concentrations can slow the rate of corrosion in metals, such as aluminum. This research examines the effect of silicate ions on the aluminum corrosion rate in a solution of sodium chloride 3.5%, tested by the potentiostat method and calculated by Tafel extrapolation. The effect of silicate ion concentration on the corrosion rate was observed in various concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM. The optimum concentration of sodium silicate in reducing the corrosion rate is 25 mM, in which the corrosion rate drops from 0.0118 to 0.0084 mm/year. Conversely, increasing the concentration of sodium silicate to 100 mM increased the corrosion rate to 0.101 mm/year.

Studi In Silico Senyawa 1,4-Naphthalenedione-2-Ethyl-3-Hydroxy sebagai Antiinflamasi dan Antikanker Payudara Richa Mardianingrum; Kamiel Roesman Bachtiar; Susanti Susanti; Aas Nuraisah Aas Nuraisah; Ruswanto Ruswanto
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 17, No 1 (2021): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.17.1.43979.83-95

Inflamasi merupakan suatu respon dari tubuh terhadap adanya cedera maupun infeksi yang ditandai dengan timbulnya kemerahan, demam, bengkak, nyeri dan hilangnya fungsi. Inflamasi berkontribusi terhadap ketidakseimbangan sekresi sitokin yang akan menghambat terjadinya apoptosis pada sel kanker sehingga menyebabkan hiperproliferasi sel. Kanker payudara merupakan salah satu penyakit kanker dengan prevalensi tertinggi di urutan ke dua di dunia. Penelitian terdahulu melaporkan pemberian minyak atsiri rimpang bangle (Zingiber purpureum Roxb.) secara topikal mampu memberikan penghambatan inflamasi yang lebih tinggi daripada triamcinolone, namun spesifik senyawa yang berpotensinya belum diketahui. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, yakni mencari senyawa aktif hasil analisis GCMS minyak atsiri rimpang bangle yang berpotensi sebagai antiinflamasi dan antikanker payudara secara in silico. Metode yang digunakan berupa screening Lipinski’s rule of Five, farmakokinetika dan toksisitas senyawa hasil analisis GC-MS, serta penambatan molekul dan dinamika molekular. Hasil screening dan simulasi penambatan molekul menunjukkan bahwa senyawa 1,4-naphthalenedione-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy dapat berikatan dengan reseptor COX-1 (antiinflamasi), dan hERα (antikanker payudara), namun lebih selektif terhadap reseptor COX-1 dengan nilai energi bebas (ΔG) yang lebih kecil yakni sebesar -7,20 kkal/mol, dibandingkan dengan interaksinya terhadap reseptor Erα yang bernilai -6,00 kkal/mol. Hasil simulasi dinamika molekular menggunakan metode kalkulasi MM-GBSA menunjukkan bahwa kompleks (1,4-naphthalenedione-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy)-(COX-1) memiliki nilai ∆GTOTAL sebesar -24,22 kkal/mol. Nilai ini lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan ∆GTOTAL kompleks (1,4-naphthalenedione-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy)-(hErα) sebesar -8,92 kkal/mol). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat afinitas 1,4-naphthalenedione-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy terhadap COX-1 diprediksi lebih baik dan lebih poten sebagai antiinflamasi dibandingkan sebagai antikanker payudara.In Silico Study of 1,4-Naphthalenedione-2-Ethyl-3-Hydroxy Compounds as Anti-inflamation dan Breast Anticancer. Inflammation is a response from the body to injury or infection which is characterized by redness, fever, swelling, pain, and loss of function. Inflammation contributes to the imbalance of cytokine secretion which will inhibit apoptosis in cancer cells, causing cell hyperproliferation. Breast cancer is one of the cancer diseases with the second-highest prevalence in the world. The pioneering works reported that topical application of Bangle (Zingiber purpureum R) was able to provide a higher inhibition of inflammation than triamcinolone, however, the specific potential of the compound was unknown. The purpose of this study is to find active compounds that have the potential to be anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer in the breast using in silico approach. The methods used are screening Lipinski’s Rule of Five, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of compounds from GC-MS analysis and molecular docking, and molecular dynamics. The screening and molecular docking simulation results showed that the compound 1,4-naphthalenedione-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy can bind to COX-1 (anti-inflammatory), and ERα (Estrogen Reseptor α), but was more selective towards COX-1 receptor with a binding affinity (ΔG) -7.20 kcal/mol, compare to its interaction with ERα which is -6.00 kcal/mol. The results of molecular dynamics simulation using the MM-GBSA calculation method show that the complex (1,4-naphthalenedione-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy)-(COX-1) has a value of ∆GTOTAL of -24.22 kcal/mol). This value is smaller than ∆GTOTAL of the complex (1,4-naphthalenedione-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy)-(hErα) of -8.92 kcal/mol. The results indicate that the affinity level of 1,4-naphthalenedione-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy to COX-1 was predicted to be better and more potent as an anti-inflammatory than as an anti-breast cancer.

Aplikasi Teknik Kromatografi Ion pada Penentuan Kadar Mineral Mikro Kation (Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, dan Sr2+) dan Anion (F-, Cl-, Br-, NO2-, NO3-, SO42–, dan PO43-) dalam Sampel Air Panas Bumi untuk Tujuan Balneoterapi Muhammad Amin; Budhi Oktavia
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 16, No 2 (2020): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.16.2.36210.171-178

Sebuah studi telah dilakukan untuk menentukan kadar mineral mikro kation dan anion dalam sampel air panas bumi dengan teknik kromatografi ion. Semua sampel yang dikumpulkan, berasal dari beberapa titik sumber air panas bumi di Jailolo, Provinsi Maluku Utara. Kromatografi ion telah dikenal sebagai metode analitik yang sangat populer digunakan untuk menentukan kadar anorganik kation dan anion dalam berbagai jenis sampel air. Metode deteksi kromatografi ion menggunakan sistem konduktivitas yang tidak tertekan dan tertekan dapat diterapkan pada masing-masing penentuan kadar mineral kation dan anion. Dalam penelitian ini, kromatografi ion dengan sistem konduktivitas tidak ditekan digunakan untuk penentuan 7 jenis kation seperti Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, dan Sr2+, sedangkan kromatografi ion dengan sistem konduktivitas ditekan digunakan untuk penentuan 7 jenis anion seperti F-, Cl-, NO2-, Br-, NO3-, SO42-, dan PO43-. Pada kadar 2,5 mmol/L HNO3 dan kombinasi 6 mmol/L Na2CO3+0,5 mmol/L NaHCO3 digunakan sebagai fase gerak untuk masing-masing penentuan kadar mineral mikro kation dan anion.Application of Ion Chromatography Technique to the Determination of Micro Mineral Concentration of Cations (Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, and Sr2+) and Anions (F-, Cl-, Br-, NO2-, NO3-, SO42–, and PO43-) in Geothermal Water Samples for Balneotherapy.A study was conducted to determine the micro mineral concentration of cations and anions in geothermal water samples by ion chromatography (IC) techniques. All the samples were collected at several sampling points in Jailolo district, North Maluku Province. IC has been known to be a very popular analytical method used to determine the concentration of cations and anions in various types of water samples. With non-suppressed and suppressed conductivity detection, IC systems can be applied for the determination of cations and anions, respectively. In this study, IC with a non-suppressed system was used for the determination of seven cations such as Na+, NH4+, K+ Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, and Sr2+. Meanwhile,IC witha suppressed system was used for the determination of 7 anions such as F-, Cl-, NO2-, Br-, NO3-, SO42-, and PO43-. A solution of 2.5 mmol/L HNO3 and a combination of 6 mmol/L Na2CO3 and 0.5 mmol/L NaHCO3 were used as the eluent for the determination of mineral cations and anions, respectively.

Optimization of the Proportion of Surfactant, Co-Surfactant, and Candlenut Oil for Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) of Secang Heartwood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Methanolic Extract Anif Nur Artanti; Fea Prihapsara; Nugraha Mas'ud; Dian Eka Ermawati
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 17, No 1 (2021): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.17.1.39054.124-131

This study aimed to determine the optimum proportion of hazelnut oil, surfactants, and cosurfactants for SNEDDS of Secang Heartwood using the simplex lattice design (SLD) method using the Design-Expert software. The SNEDDS formula was prepared using Tween 80 and Croduret 50 ss as surfactants, propylene glycol as cosurfactant, and candlenut oil based on physical stability parameters: formula transmittance (%), separation phase, and emulsification time. The optimum SNEDDS formula was compared with the predictive value [p> 0.05] provided by the SLD; then extract the loading dose, accelerated stability test, analysis of particle size, and zeta potential. The optimum proportion of Tween 80-Croduret 50 ss, propylene glycol, and hazelnut oil, based on the SLD, was 62.43%; 22.57%; and 15.0%. The results showed that the transmittance was 93.2%; emulsification time was 74.67 seconds, and; separation phase was 0.89. The SLD's predictive values of the transmittance percentage, emulsification time, and separation phase were 94.98%, 78.97 seconds, 0.84, respectively. The results of the one-sample t-test statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the observative and predictive results. SNEDDS was found capable of loading 25.0 mg of secang heartwood methanolic extract in each system, with a particle size of 23.2 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.142, and zeta potential of +20.8 mV.

Pengaruh Berbagai Parameter Ekstraksi dalam Pemisahan Unsur Tanah Jarang dengan Metode Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM) Handias Meilinda; Novi Noviyanti; Anni Anggraeni; Diana Hendrati; Husein H Bahti
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 17, No 1 (2021): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.17.1.38683.1-9

Unsur Tanah Jarang (UTJ) adalah 15 elemen kelompok lantanida, ditambah skandium dan itrium yang termasuk kelompok aktinida. UTJ memiliki banyak manfaat di berbagai bidang. Sifat fisik dan kimia yang mirip antar UTJ membuatnya sulit dipisahkan sehingga pemisahan UTJ menarik dipelajari dengan berbagai macam metode, salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM). ELM merupakan metode pemisahan yang dikembangkan dari ekstraksi pelarut terdiri dari tiga fase, yaitu fase eksternal (fase umpan) yang berisi UTJ yang akan dipisahkan, fase internal (fase pengupasan), dan fase membran. Fase membran berisi surfaktan sebagai penstabil dan ligan yang akan membentuk kompleks dengan UTJ pada antarmuka fase umpan dan membawanya berdifusi ke dalam fase pengupasan. ELM merupakan metode efektif untuk pemisahan karena tahap ekstraksi dan pengupasan (stripping) terjadi secara bersamaan dalam satu tahap dan fase membrannya dapat digunakan kembali. Pemisahan UTJ menggunakan metode ELM dengan berbagai ligan, seperti D2EHPA, Cyanex 572, P204, dan (RO)2P(O)OPh-COOH dipengaruhi oleh berbagai parameter, seperti konsentrasi ligan, pH fase umpan, waktu pengadukan ekstraksi, kecepatan pengadukan ekstraksi, rasio fase umpan, konsentrasi fase pengupasan, konsentrasi surfaktan, dan konsentrasi fase umpan. Parameter tersebut diseleksi untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi ekstraksi dan pengupasan yang berbeda.Effect of Various Parameters in Separation of Rare Earth Elements using the Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM) Method. Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are 15 elements of the lanthanide group, plus scandium and yttrium, which belong to the actinide group. REEs have many benefits in various fields. Similar physical and chemical properties between REEs make it difficult to separate, thus REEs separation is interesting to study by various methods, one of which is by using an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM). ELM is a method developed from solvent extraction consisting of three phases: the external phase (feed phase) which contains REEs to be collected, the internal phase (stripping phase), and the membrane phase. The membrane phase contains surfactants as stabilizers and ligands which will form complexes with REEs in the feed phase and are designed to diffuse into the stripping phase. ELM is an effective method to involve because extraction and stripping occur together in one glass and the membrane phase can be reused. Separation of REEs using the ELM method with various ligands, such as D2EHPA, Cyanex 572, P204, and (RO)2P(O)OPh-COOH influenced by various parameters, such as ligand concentration, feed phase pH, extraction stirring time, extraction stirring speed, feed phase ratio, stripping phase concentration, surfactant concentration, and feed phase concentration. These parameters are selected to obtain optimum conditions thereby increasing the efficiency of different extraction and stripping.

Hand Sanitizer Ekstrak Daun Pucuk Idat (Cratoxylum glaucum) sebagai Antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli Megawati Ayu Putri; Marhan Ebit Saputra; Ike Nur Amanah; Siska Musiam; Verry Andre Fabiani
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 16, No 2 (2020): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.16.2.32208.227-231

Daun pucuk idat merupakan tanaman lokal Bangka Belitung yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.Sebagai upaya pemanfaatan potensi lokal maka dibuat suatu produk sediaan gel hand sanitizer yang praktis dan ekonomis. Ekstrak daun pucuk idat diperoleh dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut aseton. Ekstrak yang dihasilkan diformulasikan dalam berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak daun pucuk idat (40%, 60%, 80%, dan 100%) dengan penambahan carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na) 0,25 g, gliserin 1 mL, propilenglikol 0,5 mL serta akuades 10 mL. Setiap formulasi gel handsanitizer dilakukan pengujian stabilitas fisik meliputi uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji daya sebar, uji pH, uji iritasi kulit serta uji aktivitas antibakteri. Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa semua konsentrasi hand sanitizer berbentuk gel, berwarna kuning muda, berbau dan homogen. Uji pH dan daya sebar gel hand sanitizer telah memenuhi ketentuan SNI No. 06-2588. Pengujian iritasi kulit tidak menimbulkan kemerahan, gatal-gatal dan tidak mengakibatkan kulit menjadi kasar pada punggung tangan sukarelawan. Berdasarkan uji sifat fisik gel hand sanitizer yang dihasilkan memiliki sifat fisik yang serupa dengan gel hand sanitizer komersial. Hasil uji antibakteri hand sanitizer ekstrak daun pucuk idat terhadap E. coli dengan konsentrasi ekstrak daun pucuk idat 40%, 60%, 80%, dan 100% diperoleh diameter zona hambat berturut-turut sebesar 11,5 mm, 17,4 mm, 19,3 mm dan 19,3 mm, sedangkan pada bakteri S. aureus diperoleh diameter zona hambat berturut-turut sebesar 17,1 mm, 24,2 mm, 27,4 mm, dan 18 mm. Hasil uji antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa sediaan gel hand sanitizer ekstrak aseton daun pucuk idat memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri E. coli dan S. aureus.Hand Sanitizer of Leaves Extract of Cratoxylum glaucum as Antibacterial of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Cratoxylum glaucum leaves is local plants of Bangka Belitung which have antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. As an effort to explore local potential, a practical and economical gel hand sanitizer product was prepared. Cratoxylum glaucum leaves extract was obtained by maceration method using acetone. The extract was formulated in various concentrations of Cratoxylum glaucum leaf extract (40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) with the addition of 0.25 g carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na), 1 mL glycerin, 0.5 mL propylene glycol and 10 mL distilled water. Each concentration of the hand sanitizer gel was tested for physical stability including organoleptic, homogenity, spreadability, pH, skin irritation and antibacterial activity test. The organoleptic test results showed that all concentrations of hand sanitizers formed gel with light yellow color, smelly odor and homogeneous form. The analysis of pH and spreadability of hand sanitizer gel has fulfilled SNI No. 06-2588. The skin irritation testing does not cause redness, itching, and rough skin on the back of volunteer hands. Based on the physical properties test, the resulting hand sanitizer gel has physical properties similar to commercial hand sanitizer gel. The results of the antibacterial test of hand sanitizer against E. coli with Cratoxylum glaucum leaf extract concentrations of 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% obtained the diameter inhibitory zones of 11.5 mm, 17.4 mm, 19.3 mm, and 19.3 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, the results of the antibacterial test of hand sanitizer against S. aureus bacteria with concentration of 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% shows that the inhibition zone diameters were 17.1 mm, 24.2 mm, 27.4 mm, and 18 mm, respectively. The antibacterial test results shows that the gel hand sanitizer prepared has antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria.

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Teguh Endah Saraswati

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alchemy@mipa.uns.ac.id

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Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University

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INDONESIA

Abstract

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Teguh Endah Saraswati

Contact Email teguh.kimia@staff.uns.ac.id

Phone -

Journal Mail Official alchemy@mipa.uns.ac.id

Editorial Address Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University

Location Kota surakarta, Jawa tengah INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

Contact Name
Teguh Endah Saraswati

Contact Email
teguh.kimia@staff.uns.ac.id

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
alchemy@mipa.uns.ac.id

Editorial Address
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University

Location
Kota surakarta,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA