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ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 14124092     EISSN : 24434183     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia is a chemistry journal published by Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia publishes original research articles or review articles in organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, biochemistry, and environmental chemistry.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 285 Documents
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Functional Bioplastic Based on Chitosan/Sago Starch (Metroxylon sago) with the Addition of Black Fruit (Haplolobus sp.) Leaves Ethanolic Extract Agnes Dyah Novitasari Lestari; Muchammad Fauzan Kuri Pasai; Evelina Somar; Dewi Eviane; Gabriella Shine De Kweldju
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.100395.337-345

Abstract

Bioplastic as an antioxidant and antibacterial packaging has been synthesized from chitosan and sago starch with Black fruit leaves ethanolic extract. The bioplastic synthesis was done by mixing a solution of chitosan, sago starch, glycerol, and ethanolic extract of Black fruit leaves, pouring it into a petri dish, and then drying it in an oven. The bioplastic produced was then characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that increasing the weight ratio of chitosan/sago starch increased tensile strength, decreased elongation, decreased thickness, and increased biodegradation time. The addition of ethanolic extract of black fruit leaves reduces tensile strength at a chitosan/starch weight ratio of 4:1, increases tensile strength at a chitosan/starch weight ratio of 1:1, tends to minimize elongation at both Chitosan/starch ratios, tends to increase thickness at a chitosan/starch weight ratio of 4:1, decreases thickness at a Chitosan/starch weight ratio of 1:1, and increases biodegradation time. The best bioplastic formulation in this study found in  CS11E1 (weight ratio of Chitosan/starch 1:1, extract concentration 1%), with a tensile strength of 4.71 MPa, elongation of 29.33%, thickness of 0.07 mm, and biodegradation time of 6 days.
Pengembangan Sensor Kimia Berbasis Kertas untuk Penentuan Kadar Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji Mochammad Amrun Hidayat; Husnatul Ayniah; Indah Yulia Ningsih; Tanfidz Alishlah; Bambang Kuswandi
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.97150.277-283

Abstract

Sensor kimia berbasis kertas adalah piranti analisis yang menggunakan membran berpori berupa kertas untuk imobilisasi reagen kimia dan deteksi analit pada sampel volume kecil (μL – nL). Sensor kimia flavonoid total dikembangkan dengan cara melakukan ko-imobilisasi larutan aluminium klorida (AlCl3), natrium nitrit (NaNO2), dan natrium hidroksida (NaOH) pada kertas menggunakan teknik adsorpsi. Penambahan larutan kuersetin dapat mengubah warna sensor dari putih menjadi kuning yang kemudian dapat ditangkap dan dikuantifikasi dengan program ImageJ, yang dikenal sebagai teknik skanometri. Karakterisasi analitik seperti linearitas, Limit of Detection (LOD), Limit of Quantification (LOQ), presisi dan akurasi sensor dilakukan dengan menggunakan standar kuersetin. Hasil penentuan kadar flavonoid total sampel daun jambu biji menggunakan metode sensor kimia-skanometri menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan metode spektrofotometri, sehingga memiliki potensi sebagai metode alternatif untuk penentuan kadar flavonoid total.Development of Paper-Based Chemical Sensor for Determining The Total Flavonoid Content in Guava Leaf Extract. Paper-based chemical sensors are analytical devices that utilize porous paper membranes for reagent immobilization and analyte detection in small sample volumes (μL – nL). The total flavonoid chemical sensor was developed by co-immobilizing aluminum chloride (AlCl3), sodium nitrite (NaNO2), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions onto paper by using the adsorption technique. The introduction of a quercetin solution changed the sensor's color from white to yellow, which subsequently can be captured and quantified using the ImageJ program, known as the scanometric technique. The sensor's analytical characteristics, such as linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy, were evaluated using a quercetin standard. The results of determining the total flavonoid content of guava leaf samples using the chemical sensor-scanometric method showed agreement with the spectrophotometric method, indicating its potential as an alternative method for determining total flavonoid content.
Pirolisis Kilat Spirulina platensis dengan Katalis Ni/Al-SBA-15 Ade Putri Wahyuni; RR Dirgarini Julia Nurlianti Subagyono; Rahmat Gunawan; Veliyana Londong Allo; Maykel Manawan
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.93245.251-263

Abstract

Studi ini mempelajari aktivitas katalis Ni/Al-SBA-15 dalam pirolisis kilat mikroalga Spirulina platensis dan perannya pada komposisi kimia produk yang dihasilkan. Katalis Ni/Al-SBA-15 yang disintesis dengan metode ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel memiliki luas permukaan 522,54 m²/g, diameter pori 6,6 nm, dan volume pori 0,86 cm³/g. Analisis Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) katalis mengidentifikasi gugus siloksan, silanol, dan hidroksil, sementara analisis low-angle dan wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) menunjukkan puncak difraksi khas Al-SBA-15 dan NiO. Pirolisis tanpa katalis Ni/Al-SBA-15 menghasilkan produk turunan karbohidrat (10,7%), lipid (53,8%), protein (6,3%), dan klorofil (6,2%). Setelah inkorporasi katalis Ni/Al-SBA-15, produk turunan karbohidrat meningkat menjadi 35,2%, protein menjadi 10,9%, klorofil menjadi 10,7%, namun produk turunan lipid menurun menjadi 15,5%. Hasil ini menunjukan aktivitas katalis dalam meningkatkan konversi senyawa penyusun utama mikroalga, khususnya memecah lipid menjadi senyawa dengan berat molekul lebih kecil. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa metode sintesis katalis yang digunakan dapat menghasilkan material yang memiliki distribusi situs aktif yang relatif homogen dan aktivitas katalitik pada pirolisis mikroalga Spirulina platensis.Flash Pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis with Ni/Al-SBA-15 Catalyst. This study investigates the activity of Ni/Al-SBA-15 catalyst in flash pyrolysis of microalgae Spirulina platensis and its role in the chemical composition of the resulting products. The Ni/Al-SBA-15 catalyst synthesized by the ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel method had a surface area of 522.54 m²/g, pore diameter of 6.6 nm, and pore volume of 0.86 cm³/g. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of the catalyst identified siloxane, silanol, and hydroxyl groups; meanwhile, low and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed typical diffraction peaks of Al-SBA-15 and NiO. Pyrolysis without Ni/Al-SBA-15 catalyst produced carbohydrate-derived products (10.7%), lipids (53.8%), proteins (6.3%), and chlorophyll (6.2%). After incorporating Ni/Al-SBA-15 catalyst, carbohydrate-derived products increased to 35.2%, protein to 10.9%, and chlorophyll to 10.7%, but lipid-derived products decreased to 15.5%. These results showed the activity of the catalyst in increasing the conversion of the main constituent compounds of microalgae, especially breaking down lipids into smaller molecular weight compounds. This finding indicated that the catalyst synthesis method produced materials with a relatively homogeneous distribution of active sites and catalytic activity in the pyrolysis of microalgae Spirulina platensis.
Synthesis and Characterization of Microcellulose from Red Algae Gracillaria longissima and Its Effect on the Properties of Composite Films from Avocado Seed Starch Muvika Putri Puspitasari; Ifa Puspasari; Diana Diana; Yulirohyami Yulirohyami
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.97299.414-423

Abstract

Red algae are abundant worldwide, and in recent years, their use to make more valuable products has grown significantly. The present study used red algae Gracillaria longissima as raw material to produce microcrystalline cellulose to strengthen avocado seed-based film. Microcrystalline cellulose was obtained by chemically treating the red algae with alkali, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis. The rough and irregularly shaped microcrystalline cellulose was successfully isolated at the micrometric scale with an average particle size of 44.1 μm. The as-extracted microcrystalline cellulose was used as filler to produce avocado seed-based composite films with improved tensile and barrier properties. Adding 4 wt% microcrystalline cellulose into the avocado seed matrix increased tensile strength by 152% and reduced elongation by 63%. Additionally, the barrier properties of avocado seed composite films were similar to those of cellulose derivatives utilized in food packaging. Adding 4 wt% microcrystalline cellulose into the avocado seed matrix reduced the water vapor transmission rate by 43% of the neat starch value. Considering these findings, microcrystalline cellulose-containing starch film is suggested as a biodegradable substitute for applications in food packaging.
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Termodifikasi Kitosan dari Cangkang Keong Mas (Pomacea canaliculata) sebagai Penghantar Obat Kurkumin yang Terkontrol dan Tertargret Sel Kanker Payudara Husna Habib Musthofa; Puput Veronikasari; Rossalia Soraya; Muhammad Nursyam Maulana; Hilmi Amirul Haq; Fajar Rakhman Wibowo
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.92355.264-276

Abstract

Pengobatan kanker payudara saat ini masih sangat bergantung pada kemoterapi yang memiliki efek samping fisik dan psikologis. Kurkumin mudah terdegradasi dan memiliki biavaibilitas yang rendah. Kurkumin adalah senyawa lipofilik yang stabilitasnya dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan sistem penghantaran obat berbasis Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) yang dimodifikasi dengan kitosan untuk melindungi bahan tersebut dari degradasi dalam sistem oral. Asam folat juga digunakan untuk menargetkan sel kanker payudara T47D. Kitosan disintesis dari cangkang keong mas menghasilkan bubuk putih (32,28%) dengan derajat deasetilasi 76,55%. Kitosan dikonjugasikan dengan asam folat (Chi-FA). Material NLCs termuat kurkumin disintesis melalui reaksi emulsi-evaporasi-solidifikasi. Material NLCs termuat kurkumin (Cur@NLCs) menunjukkan dua model matriks berdasarkan uji transmitansinya dengan distribusi ukuran partikel sebesar 174,4 nm dan zeta potensial -56,9 mV. Modifikasi permukaan Cur@NLCs dengan Chi-FA menghasilkan ukuran partikel 105,5 nm dan potensial zeta -45,9 mV. Studi pelepasan menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan kitosan dapat menekan pelepasan kurkumin dalam phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pada pH 1,2 dan pH 7,4 serta meningkatkan laju pelepasan pada pH 6,8. Uji toksisitas material menunjukkan peningkatan toksisitas pada sel T-47D. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi tersebut dapat mengontrol dan menargetkan sel kanker.Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Modified with Chitosan from Golden Apple Snail Shells (Pomacea canaliculata) as Controlled and Targeted Curcumin Drug Delivery for Breast Cancer Cells. Current breast cancer treatment still relies heavily on chemotherapy, which has physical and psychological side effects. Curcumin is easily degraded and has low bioavailability. Curcumin is a lipophilic compound whose stability can be improved by using Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs)-based drug delivery systems modified with chitosan to protect the material from degradation in the oral system. Folic acid is also used to target T47D breast cancer cells. Chitosan was synthesized from golden apple snail shells to produce a white powder (32.28%) with a deacetylation degree of 76.55%. The chitosan was conjugated with folic acid (Chi-FA). Curcumin-loaded NLCs were synthesized through an emulsion-evaporation-solidification reaction. Curcumin-loaded NLCs (Cur@NLCs) showed two matrix models based on the transmittance test with a particle size distribution of 174.4 nm and a zeta potential of -56.9 mV. Surface modification of Cur@NLCs with Chi-FA resulted in a particle size of 105.5 nm and a zeta potential of -45.9 mV. Release studies showed that the presence of chitosan could suppress the release of curcumin in PBS at pH 1.2 and pH 7.4, and increase the release rate at pH 6.8. The material toxicity test showed an increase in toxicity to T-47D cells. This study shows that the modification can control and target cancer cells.
Campuran Senyawa β-Sitosterol dan Stigmasterol dari Ekstrak Metanol Daun Aglaia shawiana serta Aktivitas Sitotoksiknya terhadap Sel Kanker MCF-7 Ricson Pemimpin Hutagaol; Syifa Dwi Juwairriyyah; Tjandrawati Mozef; Sofa Fajriah; Gian Primahana
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.101051.424-431

Abstract

Aglaia merupakan salah satu genus terbesar dari famili tanaman Meliaceae (tanaman mahoni). Sejak tahun 1960-an, genus ini banyak diteliti untuk mengetahui kandungan fitokimia dan sifat biologisnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan metabolit sekunder dari Aglaia Aglaia shawiana, yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai senyawa anti kanker payudara. Isolasi dan identifikasi struktur senyawa kimia telah dilakukan dari ekstrak metanol daun A. shawiana. Ekstrak metanol daun A. shawiana telah diisolasi, difraksinasi menghasilkan sebuah isolat dengan berbagai metode kromatografi kolom gravitasi. Penentuan struktur senyawa isolat dilakukan dengan metode spektroskopi resonansi magnetik inti 1 dimensi (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR dan DEPT-1350) dan perbandingan dengan referensi terdahulu. Isolat yang telah berhasil diisolasi dalam studi ini merupakan campuran senyawa β-sitosterol dan stigmasterol, dimana β-sitosterol lebih dominan jumlahnya dibandingkan stigmasterol. Isolat telah diuji aktivitas sitotoksiknya terhadap lini sel kanker payudara MCF-7 dengan metoda dimetiltiazol difeniltetrazolium bromid (MTT) dan diperoleh nilai IC50 sebesar 135,9 µg/mL.Mixture of β-Sitosterol and Stigmasterol Compounds from Methanol Extract of Aglaia shawiana Leaves and Its Cytotoxic Activity Against MCF-7 Cancer Cell. Aglaia is one of the largest genera of the Meliaceae plant family (mahogany plants). Since the 1960s, this genus has been widely studied for its phytochemical content and biological properties. This study aimed to find secondary metabolites from Aglaia shawiana that have activity as anti-breast cancer compounds. Isolation and identification of the structure of chemical compounds have been carried out from the methanol extract of A. shawiana leaves. The methanol extract of A. shawiana leaves has been isolated and fractionated, resulting in an isolate by various gravity column chromatography methods. Determination of the structure of pure isolate compounds was carried out by 1-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and DEPT-1350) and comparison with previous references. The isolated fraction successfully isolated in this study is a mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol compounds, where β-sitosterol is more dominant than stigmasterol. The isolate was tested for its cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line using the dimethylthiazole diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and obtained an IC50 value of 135.9 µg/mL. 
Formulation and Antioxidant Test of Nano Facial Wash Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) Extract with Green Surfactant from Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) Seed Oil Mochammad Chasani; Senny Widyaningsih; Undri Rastuti; Vita Nuraisyah Dwi Nugroho
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.97684.378-388

Abstract

The increasing use of skin care products today has encouraged the development of facial washes that are safe for health, such as those incorporating natural active ingredients. Green surfactants from ketapang seed oil and bay leaf extract are natural ingredients for a facial wash. This study aims to formulate and test a nano facial wash using surfactants derived from ketapang seed oil and antioxidants from bay leaf extract. The molecular size of facial wash has been improved by applying nanoemulsion technology, resulting in nano facial wash. This particle size improvement enhances the efficacy of active ingredients in facial wash. Methyl ester sulfonate (MES) surfactant made from ketapang seed oil was used to increase the stability and effectiveness of cleaning products. The resulting product was tested for physical characteristics, stability, and antioxidant activity using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The facial wash formulation was carried out with variations in MES concentration (3, 5, and 7%) and bay leaf extract (2, 4, and 6%). The results showed that the facial wash with the best characteristics had a surfactant content of 7% and bay leaf extract of 2%. The antioxidant activity of facial wash with the best nano and non-nano characteristics is 41.97 ppm and 81.58 ppm, which are classified as strong antioxidant activity.
Efisiensi Degradasi Limbah Methylene Blue Menggunakan Sintesis Hijau Fotokatalis ZnO Ekstrak Nanas dan Karbon Aktif Sekam Padi Adinda Thalia Putri; Tina Anggreani Lestari; Reffa Fitrichia; Nuni Widiarti
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.95927.369-377

Abstract

Pencemaran air akibat limbah zat warna seperti methylene blue (MB) merupakan masalah lingkungan yang serius di Indonesia. MB banyak digunakan dalam industri tekstil, kosmetik, dan farmasi, dapat menurunkan kualitas air serta menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan manusia dan ekosistem. Fotokatalisis berbasis ZnO merupakan metode yang menjanjikan untuk mendekontaminasi air, namun keterbatasan penyerapan cahaya mengurangi efektivitasnya. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi sintesis hijau ZnO menggunakan ekstrak nanas melalui metode presipitasi, dengan tujuan meningkatkan karakteristik dan aktivitas fotokatalitik. Selain itu, ZnO dikombinasikan dengan karbon aktif (KA) dari sekam padi dengan metode impregnasi untuk meningkatkan kinerjanya. Karakterisasi fotokatalis dilakukan menggunakan XRD, FTIR, dan BET untuk mengevaluasi sifat kristalinitas, gugus fungsi, dan luas permukaan material. Hasil XRD menunjukkan ZnO memiliki struktur wurtzit heksagonal dengan ukuran kristal 27,01 nm, sedangkan ZnO/KA memiliki ukuran 20,24 nm dengan struktur wurtzit heksagonal untuk ZnO dan struktur grafit untuk karbon. Hasil FTIR mengonfirmasi keberadaan ikatan Zn–O, C–H, dan O–H, sedangkan hasil BET menunjukkan bahwa ZnO/KA memiliki kurva distribusi pori tipe II dengan pori makro. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan karbon aktif secara signifikan meningkatkan efisiensi fotodegradasi MB pada berbagai pH, dengan ZnO/karbon aktif (3:1) (b/b) mencapai kinerja tertinggi, mengurangi kadar MB hingga 99,81% pada pH 8.Degradation Efficiency of Methylene Blue Using Green-Synthesized ZnO Photocatalyst with Pineapple Extract and Rice Husk-Derived Activated Carbon. Water pollution caused by dye waste, such as methylene blue (MB), is a serious environmental issue in Indonesia. Widely used in the textile, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, can degrade water quality and negatively impact human health and ecosystems. ZnO based photocatalysis is a promising method for water decontamination, but its limited light absorption reduces efficiency. This study explores the green synthesis of ZnO using pineapple extract via precipitation method to enhance its characteristics and photocatalytic activity. Additionally, ZnO was combined with activated carbon (AC) derived from rice husks through an impregnation to improve performance further. XRD, FTIR, and BET characterization confirmed the crystallinity, functional groups, and surface area properties. XRD analysis showed a hexagonal wurtzite structure for ZnO with a crystal size of 27.01 nm, while ZnO/AC had a size of 20.24 nm with both wurtzite and graphite structures. FTIR results verified Zn–O, C–H, and O–H bonds, and BET analysis indicated a type II macroporous distribution. Photodegradation tests revealed that ZnO/AC (3:1) (w/w) achieved the highest efficiency, reducing MB concentration by 99.81% at pH 8. These findings demonstrate that activated carbon significantly enhances the photocatalytic performance of ZnO, offering a sustainable approach for dye wastewater treatment.
Antibacterial Activity of Avicennia Mangrove Yeni Mulyani; Yuniar Mulyani; Aisyah Aisyah
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.100706.180-197

Abstract

The rise of antibiotic resistance presents a major challenge, reducing the efficacy of conventional antibacterial treatments and necessitating the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. The use of natural products has played a pivotal role in the development of antibiotics. Specifically, marine organisms, with a notable emphasis on mangroves of the genus Avicennia, have played a crucial role in this process. Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, Avicennia alba, and Avicennia germinans have been found to contain secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which exhibit antibacterial properties against drug-resistant pathogens. The review was conducted based on literature published between 2005 and 2025. These compounds act through diverse mechanisms such as disrupting bacterial cell walls, inhibiting protein synthesis, and interfering with quorum sensing and biofilm formation. Evaluations through disk diffusion, microdilution assay, and biofilm inhibition assays have demonstrated the significant antibacterial activity of Avicennia extracts, suggesting their potential as alternative therapeutics in combating resistant bacteria. Future research should focus on enhancing these bioactive compounds’ bioavailability, stability, and large-scale production while addressing potential toxicity and navigating the complex regulatory requirements for drug approval. The continued exploration of Avicennia-derived compounds may contribute to developing novel antibiotics, offering sustainable solutions to antibiotic resistance.
Optimization of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Leaf Extract Emulgel Formulation using Simplex Lattice Design for Topical Application Nurfiana Rachmawati; Siti Aisiyah; Mega Novita; Dian Marlina
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.101792.432-441

Abstract

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaf extract is rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing effects, making it a promising candidate for topical applications. However, there are challenges in formulating an effective and stable system. This study aimed to optimize the formulation of Papaya leaf extract emulgel using the simolex lattice design (SLD) method with various concentrations of Carbopol 940, Olive oil, and Tween 80. Eight formulations were evaluated for pH, viscosity, spreadability, and physical stability. This study showed that the optimal formulation of 1.0% Carbopol 940, 15% olive oil, and 10% Tween 80, which produced an emulgel with pH 6.1, viscosity of 4.580 cP, and spreadability of 6.8 cm, which are acceptable according to pharmaceutical standards. The above formulation showed good physical stability over 28 days of storage. In conclusion, the SLD method can be applied to developing typical herbal-based products and standardized for better effectiveness and stability.

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