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Reaktor

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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : 08520798 EISSN : 24075973 DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.xx.x.xx-xx

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Reaktor invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. Reaktor publishes scientific study/ research papers, industrial problem solving related to Chemical Engineering field as well as review papers. The journal presents paper dealing with the topic related to Chemical Engineering including: Transport Phenomena and Chemical Engineering Operating Unit Chemical Reaction Technique, Chemical Kinetics, and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Particulate and emulsion technologies Membrane Technology Material Development Food Technology and Bioprocess Waste Treatment Technology

Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)

Articles 530 Documents

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Optimisation using Central Composite Design for Adsorption of Virgin Coconut Oil Erna - Yuliwati; Nurlailah - Nurlailah; Dian Kharismadewi
Reaktor Volume 20 No.4 December 2020
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Development of coconut-based industries in Indonesia has excellent prospects, especially Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as a nutritional supplement for health. In order to produce high quality of VCO, this research developed activated carbon betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) as bio-adsorbent in adsorption process. The composition of bio-adsorbent in chromatographic column has been optimized using central composite design (CCD). Bio-adsorbent were characterised by using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the average poresize of 1.59 μm was calculated using equation. Adsorption isotherm data have been described by Freundlich and Langmuir models and resulted the adsorption equilibrium constant of kf of 80.68 mg g-1and kL of 0.056 L mg-1. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model resulted adsorption rate constant, k of 0.004 g mg-1 min-1 with a good fitting R2 of 0.997. This optimum process condition was achieved on adsorption time of 33 hours, 150 gr of bio-adsorbent and 411.75gr of adsorbed (neat VCO), that produced odorless and colorless VCO, density of 0.91630gr/mL and FFA concentration of 0,0602 %, which. were fulfil the standard of SNI-3741-2013 and APCC.Keywords: CCD, adsorption; fixed bed column; bio-adsorbent; Dendrocalamus asper

The Influence of Glycerol Monostearate Concentration and Storage Condition on Tomato Powder’s Contents Using Foam Mat Drying Method Putri Ramadhany; Abigail Fern Pramana; Arabella Febiola; Tony Handoko
Reaktor Volume 21 No. 1 March 2021
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Tomato is a seasonal horticultural product that has beneficial effects on human health. It contains a high concentration of lycopene and vitamin C. However, tomato production, which continues to increase in Indonesia, is not balanced with its consumption. Due to its high moisture content, harvested tomato relatively has a short shelf-life. Resultantly, the unconsumed tomato will end up being wasted. One way to prolong tomato’s shelf-life is by converting it into powder form. In this research, the tomato was shifted into tomato powder using a foam mat drying method. The weight ratio of GMS to tomato juice was varied: (1) 4%-w/w, (2) 5%-w/w, and (3) 6%-w/w. Tomato powder was then stored in two types of materials (sealed brown glass bottle and laminated aluminium foil (LAF) resealable zipper) and three conditions (refrigerator ( ± 4 ℃), room temperature (± 25.2 ℃) and sun-exposed (± 30 ℃)). According to the results, foam mat drying could maintain the nutrients of the tomato powder. Increasing GMS larger than 5%-w/w had no big impact on reserving lycopene and vitamin C. At 5%-w/w GMS, tomato powder consisted of 1.09%/w/w moisture, 42.58 mg/100 g lycopene, and 123.28 mg/100 g vitamin C. It was found that moisture and vitamin C on tomato powder content was influenced by storage conditions, while lycopene content was influenced by storage material. Moisture content and vitamin C were best maintained at the sun-exposed condition and room temperature, respectively. While lycopene was best stored in the laminated aluminium foil (LAF) resealable zipper.

Effect of Acid Concentration on the Activation of Bayah Natural Zeolite for Palm Kernel Shell Pyrolysis Application Endang Suhendi; Andre Wibowo; Tia Lestari; Teguh Kurniawan
Reaktor Volume 20 No.3 September 2020
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Biooil is the main product in the pyrolysis process which is expected to be a liquid fuel replacement solution. But the resulting biooil cannot be directly used as a result of high oxygenated compounds, high viscosity, corrosive, and unstable. Addition of activated natural zeolite catalyst to the pyrolysis process is expected to improve the quality of biooil in order to be used as a renewable liquid fuel. The research aims to determine the influence of acid concentrations on zeolite modification to the characteristics of pyrolysis products. Result of catalyst characterization indicates that zeolite activation using acid will increase Si/Al ratio as well as open the surface of previously hindered zeolite. The yield of char produced in this study tends not to undergo significant changes between the catalytic and noncatalytic pyrolysis by 33% wt. Addition of zeolite catalyst in pyrolysis proved to be able to increase the content of phenol and decrease the content of acetic acid in bio-oil by 6% . Meanwhile, yield of CO2 increases by 20% in the use of catalysts due to the release of oxygen in the oxygenate compounds. The results of this study showed that the resulting biooil still does not meet the specifications of liquid fuels but can be utilized as a renewable chemical feedstock.Keywords: pyrolysis; biomass; natural zeolite;modified

Purification of Glucomannan of Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Flour using Combination of Isopropyl Alcohol and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Dyah Hesti Wardhani; Lucia H Rahayu; Heri Cahyono; Hana L Ulya
Reaktor Volume 20 No.4 December 2020
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Porang tuber is rich of glucomannan content but contained irritable compounds to be consumed. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using isoprophyl alcohol (IPA) was developed as a purification method for glucomannan. This study aimed to determine the effects of UAE conditions (IPA concentrations, ratios of solvent-solid, and number of extraction stages) on the characteristics of purified glucomannan (PG) from porang flour (PF). Single-stage UAE using 80% IPA concentration and ratio of solvent-solid of 8:1 (ml/g) for 10 min gave the highest glucomannan content (76.10%). At this condition, the PG viscosity and yield were 12,800 cP and 96.10%, respectively. Furthermore, the three-stage UAE using 80% IPA concentration in each stage improved the glucomannan content to 83.26% with 15,960 cP and 90.02% of yield. The morphology showed that the purified glucomannan powders had smoother surface and less crump after the purification. Both carbonyl and acetyl groups were observed on PF and PG in different intensities. Keywords: glucomannan, isopropanol, Amorphophallus oncophyllus, ultrasound-assisted extraction

Modification blanching process of potato flour using hydrogen rich water Gita Indah Budiarti; Lukhi Mulia Shitophyta; Ndaru Okvitarini; Vinna Fajarwaty; Ayu Damayanti
Reaktor Volume 20 No.4 December 2020
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

The chemical composition of potatoes includes carbohydrates, protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. The composition of vitamins and minerals in potatoes is higher than wheat flour. Brownish color in potato flour has reduced consumer's interest, so it needs to be modified to improve the color and physicochemical properties of flour. Researchers are trying to modify the blanching process using hydrogen-rich water. Because hydrogen-rich water has antioxidants that can prevent the browning process (oxidation) potato flour, cheaper, safer, and healthier than chemical compounds. The purpose of this study was to optimize the blanching process for potato flour modification. Variation of the process used is soaking time at 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes. The optimal results of water content, ash content, reducing sugar content, protein, color, and swelling power were obtained at 75 minutes are 6.7%, 2.68%, 0.26%, 7.1%, 81.17, and 7 g/g. The quality of the modified potato flour met the physicochemical parameters of the flour according to the SNI standard for flour, except ash content. The quality of potato flour produced almost equals as the quality of wheat flour, so it needs to be considered as a substitute for wheat flour and is friendly for diabetics.Keywords: potatoes, modified flour, physicochemical properties, wheat

Partial Substitution of Margarine with Avocado Fruit Puree for Healthy Pound Cake Preparation using Various Flour Types and Baking Methods Wilbur Donald Raymond Pokatong; Tiffany Nathalie
Reaktor Volume 21 No. 1 March 2021
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Avocado (Persea americana) is known to have high dietary fiber and monounsaturated fatty acids which can reduce low density lipoprotein (LDL); thus, reduced risk of heart attack. The research objective was to partially substitute margarine with avocado puree in the preparation of pound cakes to reduce the saturated fat and increase the nutritional values. The pound cakes were prepared with five different ratios of avocado puree to margarine which were 0:1, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1, and 1:0 using three types of flour (all-purpose, cake, or bread flour) and baked using two methods (oven and microwave baking). Results showed that avocado contains 81.37±1.38 (%, wb), 53.09±3.64 (%, db), 6,98±0.49 (%, db), 34.57±3.63 (%, db), and 5.36±0.49 (%, db) of moisture, fat, protein, carbohydrate, and ash, respectively. From each type of flour, one pound-cake was selected based on its physical properties i.e. firmness, volume expansion, L* value, and ohue. Selected pound cakes were further evaluated with scoring and hedonic tests by 70 panelists to observe its consumer acceptance and selected the best pound cake from each type of baking methods (oven and microwave baking). The results showed that oven-baked pound cake with avocado puree to margarine ratio 1:1 prepared with cake flour and microwave-oven-baked pound cake with avocado puree to margarine ratio 1:1 prepared with bread flour exhibited the highest acceptance with overall hedonic values of 4.96±1.18 and 4.83±1.09, respectively. However, considering the time needed for baking and that the microwave baked pound cakes exhibiting higher protein, the pound cake baked in the microwave oven is more preferrable for further commercial manufacture.Keywords: avocado;baking; fat-substitution;flour types, pound-cake

Mathematical Modeling for Determination of Correlation Between Current Density and Dissolved Oxygen in Yeast Microbial Fuel Cell-Based Biosensor Marcelinus Christwardana; Linda Aliffia Yoshi
Reaktor Volume 20 No.3 September 2020
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Experiments were conducted to study the correlation between current density and dissolved oxygen (DO) and to develop a model for estimating the value of current density in yeast MFC based DO biosensors. A curve between current density and DO was made, and data analysis was performed using free-online data fitting, namely zunzun.com. One linear regression and nine different exponential models are used as an approach to determine the correlation between current density and DO. The higher DO, the current density will increase rapidly. The most suitable model was chosen to describe the correlation between the current density and the DO. The coefficient of determination (R2), the sum of square absolute (SSQABS), and root mean square error (RMSE) are used to determine goodness or quality of fit. The exponential model shows a better fit to illustrate the correlation between current density and DO, with R2, SSQABS, and RMSE values were 0.9975, 0.4745 and 0.3444, respectively.

PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR UREA MENGGUNAKAN PROSES GABUNGAN ACTIVATED MICROALGAE DAN NITRIFIKASI-DENITRIFIKASI AUTOTROFIK: UJI DENGAN RANCANGAN TAGUCHI Indro Sumantri; Sumarno Sumarno; Norma Afiati
Reaktor Volume 14, Nomor 1, April 2012
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

TREATMENT OF UREA WASTEWATER WITH COMBINED PROCESS OF ACTIVATED MICROALGAE AND NITRIFICATION-DENITRIFICATION AUTOTROPHIC: EVALUATION WITH TAGUCHI DESIGN. The conventional process for treatment wastewater from urea plant usually use of micro algae process or heterotrophic bacterial nitrification denitrification. Micro algae process use different type of micro algae. The advantage is cheap because used only little bit of P nutrient but cannot used for ammonium removal. Heterotrophic bacterial nitrification denitrification process needed high organic carbon input so that treatment cost so expensive. The objective of the research work was to investigate the potential of combination of special type micro algae process with an autotrophic nitrification-denitrification process. Micro algae species used in micro algae process have ability either for ammonium removal or withstand in high ammonium concentration. Autotrophic nitrification denitrification process used nitrifying bacterial/sludge as the biocatalyst. The origin of the nitrifying sludge was an activated sludge obtained from a particle board industry wastewater treatment plant where nitrification occurred in the aeration basin. Enrichment and breeding of the nitrifying sludge were conducted in high ammonium concentration and autotrophic condition. Based on experiment, enrichment and breeding micro algae which have ability either for ammonium removal or withstand in high ammonium concentration quite easy. By screening experiment with seven variable: MLSS, detention time, NH3-N concentration, aeration, CaCO3 concentration, micronutrient, N:P ratio, obtained the best level of variables are NH3-N concentration, aeration, CaCO3 concentration at high level. Evaluation limiting substrate inhibition of ammonium to nitrifying bacterial growth also unproved experimentally.Proses konvensional untuk mengolah limbah cair industri urea biasanya menggunakan proses alga mikro atau bakteri heterotropik nitrifikasi-denitrifikasi. Proses alga mikro dapat menggunakan berbagai jenis alga mikro. Keuntungannya adalah murah karena hanya memerlukan nutrien P sedikit tetapi tidak dapat digunakan untuk menyusutkan amoniak. Proses nitrifikasi-denitrifikasi bakteri heterotropik memerlukan asupan karbon yang tinggi sehingga pengolahan menjadi mahal. Tujuan saat ini untuk penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari kombinasi yang potensial untuk proses alga mikro jenis tertentu dengan proses nitrifikasi-denitrifikasi ototrofik. Jenis alga mikro yang digunakan dalam proses alga mikro mempunyai kemampuan baik untuk penyusutan amoniak atau tahan dalam konsentrasi amoniak tinggi. Proses nitrifikasi-denitrifikasi ototrofik menggunakan bakteri nitrifikasi/lumpur sebagai biokatalis. Lumpur nitrifikasi awal adalah lumpur aktif kolam aerasi unit pengolahan limbah cair industri partikel board Pengayaan dan pembibitan lumpur nitrifikasi dilakukan dalam konsentrasi amoniak yang tinggi dan kondisi ototrofik. Berdasarkan penelitian, pengayaan dan pembibitan alga mikro yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk penyusutan amoniak dan tahan konsentrasi amoniak yang tinggi mudah. Evaluasi substrat pembatas penghambat amonium terhadap pertumbuhan alga tidak terbukti. Tujuh variabel yang dipilih lewat penapisan adalah : MLSS, waktu tinggal, konsentrasi NH3-N, laju aerasi, kadar CaCO3, nutrien mikro, rasio N:P. Variabel yang berpengaruhadalah konsentrasi NH3-N, laju aerasi, kadar CaCO3.Keywords: autotrophic nitrification-denitrification process; enrichment and breeding of the nitrifying sludge; micro algae proces

Exergy Analysis of Microalgae Thermochemical Conversion using Aspen Plus Simulation Cholila Tamzysi; Muflih Arisa Adnan; Fadilla Noor Rahma; Arif Hidayat
Reaktor Volume 20 No.4 December 2020
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Microalgae is known as the future bioenergy resources due to its unlimited potential and availability. One of the numerous paths to acquire an energy source is gasification, which produce syngas and methane as a hydrocarbon fuel or feedstock product. To set up an efficient gasification plant, several essential information is needed including the effect of oxidizing agent and steam to carbon (S/C) ratio to energy efficiency on certain biomass properties. This paper aims to study the highest exergy possibility on microalgae gasification process by examining the effect of steam and air flowrate independently via ASPEN Plus simulation. The result was validated with experimental data to verify the simulation reliability. It was found that the thermodynamic based simulation is suitable to predict the reactor behavior and acquire an optimum operating condition.Keywords: microalgae; gasification; exergy; simulation

The Effect of Different Precursor Concentration on The Synthesis of CaO Nanoparticles with Coprecipitation Methods for Palm Oil Transesterification Catalysis Novita Andarini; Ria Sherly Farida; Tanti Haryati
Reaktor Volume 21 No. 2 June 2021
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Calcium oxide nanoparticles was prepared by coprecipitation method using calcium acetate as precursor and calcined at 800 °C for 6 hours. This work studied the effect of different precursor concentrations on the size of calcium oxide obtained and its applicated for palm oil transesterification catalysis. Characteristics of samples were measured by XRD and SEM et al techniques. The results showed that the diffraction pattern of CaO has the same diffraction pattern as the XRD standard diffraction pattern from the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standard (JCPDS). Calcium oxide analysis using SEM shows the morphology of particles that agglomerate almost all variations in precursor concentration. The particle size increases with increasing precursor concentration. The smallest particle size of 55.758 nm was produced on solid CaO from the lowest precursor concentration of 0.05 M. The catalytic activity of activated calcium oxide nanoparticle compound was tested in the production of methyl esters. The conversion of triglycerides in palm oil into methyl esters was 90.34%.Keywords: nanoparticles, calcium oxide, coprecipitation, precursor, catalys, metyl ester

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Contact Name
Dessy Ariyanti

Contact Email
dessy.ariyanti@che.undip.ac.id

Phone
+62247460058

Journal Mail Official
j.reaktor@che.undip.ac.id

Editorial Address
Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedarto SH Tembalang Semarang 50275

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA