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Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 23560169     EISSN : 23560177     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Journal of Tropical Crop Science is an international journal publishing research related to tropical crops. Articles in the journal focus on in-vivo and in-vitro production and production environment, breeding, seed technology, physiology, postharvest, pest and pathology of cereals, vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, medicinal and plantation crops; soil, landscape, turf and agro ecology management under tropical conditions.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 320 Documents
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Dynamics of Nutrient Concentrations, Endogenous Hormones, Photosynthetic Capacity, and Phenological Changes in Black Orchid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) from the Vegetative to Generative Phase Heriansyah, Pebra; Aziz, Sandra Arifin; Sukma, Dewi; Nurcholis, Waras
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.215-234

Abstract

The black orchid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) is one of the native Indonesian orchids from Borneo island. This study analyzed the dynamics of pigments, photosynthetic capacity, endogenous hormones, nutrient concentrations, and phenology across the vegetative to generative stages of the black orchid. The plant materials are one-year-old plants after splitting from the mother plants. Endogenous hormones, nutrient and pigment concentrations, and leaf photosynthetic capacity were measured during vegetative and generative phases. Chlorophyll, anthocyanins, and carotenoids were analyzed using UV-VIS spectrophotometry, Nitrogen (N) was analyzed by the Kjeldahl method, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) by the Bray 1 method and Flame Photometry, and organic carbon by the Walkley- Black method with titration. The hormone levels were analyzed using HPLC, and photosynthetic capacity was determined using a Li-Cor 6800 system. Phenological changes in leaves, bulbs, and flowers were recorded. Results showed total chlorophyll increased from 1.96 to 2.36 mg/g from the vegetative to the generative stage while carotene slightly declined. Leaf nitrogen rose from 1.54% to 1.70%, bulb nitrogen decreased from 0.67% to 0.45%, whereas the C/N ratio increased from 65.24 to 85.36 from the vegetative to the generative phase. Flower nitrogen was 1.50%, and phosphorus was 0.17%. IAA in leaves decreased from 25.12 to 21.37 ng.g⁻¹ dry weight post-flowering, while gibberellin in bulbs increased from 12.28 to 12.96 ng.g⁻¹ dry weight. Zeatin in bulbs declined from 10.52 to 8.81 ng g⁻¹ dry weight. Photosynthesis peaked at 2.73 μmol. m⁻².s⁻¹ in early generative stages and then declined. Photosynthetic photon flux density and stomatal conductance decreased, reducing water and CO₂ exchange efficiency, while net assimilation and transpiration rates showed no significant changes. These physiological adjustments, including increased chlorophyll levels, changes in nitrogen allocation, and fluctuations in hormone concentrations, reflect the plant’s adaptive strategies to meet higher energy demands during reproductive growth, ensuring efficient resource distribution for flowering.
Agronomic Performance and Light Interception in a Multi Canopy Rice Cultivation System Husna; Junaedi, Ahmad; Purnamawati, Heni
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.77-88

Abstract

Vertical space optimization through a multi-canopy system can potentially increase rice production. This research aims to evaluate the agronomic performance, light interception, and production of rice plants cultivated with a multi-canopy system. This research was conducted at the Sawah Baru Experimental Farm, IPB University. Rice varieties used two common height plants (“Inpari 30” and “Inpari 32”) and the taller plants (“IPB 9G”). This research consisting of nine treatment combinations of cultivation system: mono-variety (“Inpari 30”, “Inpari 32”, and “IPB 9G”), combination of two varieties in one hill multi-canopy (“Inpari 30”-“IPB 9G” and “Inpari 32”-“IPB 9G”), inter-variety one-insertion multi-canopy (“Inpari 30”-“IPB 9G” and “Inpari 32”-“IPB 9G”), and inter-variety two-insertion multi-canopy (“Inpari 30”-“IPB 9G” and “Inpari 32”-“IPB 9G”). The results showed morphological and physiological performance as good in a multi-canopy system (inter-variety one insertion) on the variables of the plant height, number of panicles per clump, panicle length, number of grains per hill, weight of grains per hill, photosynthetic rate and land equivalent ratio (LER). The percentage of light interception in the multi-canopy system decreased by 19.13-61.54%. The inter-variety one-insertion multi-canopy with the “Inpari 30”-“IPB 9G” combination increases yield potential by 10.18%, and the “Inpari 32”-“IPB 9G” combination increases by 13.81% compared to the mono-variety. The combination of the “Inpari 30”- “IPB 9G” and “Inpari 32”-“IPB 9G” variety in an inter-variety one-insertion multi-canopy system produces an LER value of 1.75 and 1.64; this shows that the inter-variety one insertion multi-canopy system is promising to increase rice production.
Genetic Variability of Echinochloa crus-galli Ecotypes from West Java, Indonesia, by RAPD Analysis Pasaribu, Pesta Maria Hotnauli; Rizqullah, Ramadaniarto; Ardie, Sintho Wahyuning; Guntoro, Dwi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.18-24

Abstract

Echinochloa crus-galli (Barnyardgrass: Poaceae), is one of the most detrimental weeds in rice fields globally. As one of the leading rice producers in Indonesia, controlling barnyard grass in rice fields in West Java province is of great importance. Information on the genetic variability of barnyard grass is necessary to determine proper weed control. A molecular marker is considered the most accurate tool in determining genetic variability as its profile is unaffected by the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of barnyard grass collected from seven sub-districts in West Java province, Indonesia, using RAPD markers. Genomic DNA of barnyard grass ecotypes from “Bayusari”, “Majalaya”, “Klari”, “Cugenang”, “Cianjur”, “Ciomas”, and “Ciampea” sub-districts were analyzed using eight RAPD primers and resulted in a total of 87 reproducible amplicons. Of these amplicons, 59 were polymorphic, and 28 were monomorphic, with a polymorphism percentage ranging from 37.5-92.8%. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.21 to 0.41, indicating the used RAPD markers are highly informative. All seven ecotypes were divided into three distinct groups with a coefficient level of 0.77 in a dendrogram constructed following the UPGMA clustering method. Group 1 consisted only of the “Bayusari” ecotype. Group 2 consisted of “Majalaya”, “Klari”, and “Cugenang” ecotypes, while Group 3 consisted of “Cianjur”, “Ciomas”, and “Ciampea” ecotypes. This research indicated remote dispersal of E. crus-galli, since ecotypes from distant locations were found to be closely related
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Agricultural Practices of Coconut Farmers on the Impacts of Climate Change on Coconut Productivity and Sustainability in Barangay Capasnan, Manay, Davao Oriental, Philippines Bentayao, Chinna M.; Verzosa, Ricksterlie C.; Vilela, Eleanor M.; Nemenzo-Calica, Phoebe
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.158-171

Abstract

Coconut, a vital tropical crop, and the Philippines’ leading agricultural export, particularly in Davao Oriental, the “Coconut Capital” of the country, is profoundly impacted by climate change, which disrupts its productivity and agricultural practices, thereby threatening its sustainability. This study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, practices, perceived impacts, and preparedness of coconut farmers in Barangay Capasnan, a major contributor to Davao Oriental’s coconut production. A descriptive research design was employed, with 145 farmers (out of 227 registered) participating through purposive sampling. Data were collected through validated surveys, analyzed with descriptive statistics, and conducted under ethical guidelines. Results showed that most farmers (30%) were over 61 years old, with 59% male and 41% female participants. A majority (63%) had only elementary-level education, and most households (56%) comprised 1-4 members. Nearly all farmers (94%) owned their farms, but 59% had a monthly income below PHP 10,000 (~USD 170.24). Farmers demonstrated a high awareness of climate change, recognizing its effects on temperature, rainfall, seasonality, and its role in exacerbating extreme weather, pests, and diseases. They perceived climate change as a significant threat to agriculture, advocating for education and action, though engagement in community coping strategies remained moderate. Farmers implemented practices such as knowledge-sharing, exploring alternative income sources, investing in protective infrastructure, and planning for renewable energy use. However, moderate adoption was observed in water-saving irrigation, drought-resistant crops, soil conservation, and pest management practices. Climate change was perceived to have severe impacts on coconut yields, quality, soil fertility, seasonal patterns, and labor demands, while moderate impacts included extreme weather, water scarcity, and heat stress. Recommendations include providing emotional and mental support, financial assistance, access to resilient crop varieties, climate-smart agricultural training, affordable adaptive technology, and increased distribution of coconut seedlings by the Philippine Coconut Authority to address declining quality and productivity caused by weather changes.
Effect of Nitrogen on Intercropped Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Productivity under Greenhouse Conditions Furqoni, Hafith; Mausbach, Jasmine; Fortner, Nathan; Chen, Xinzheng (Chris); Amori, Anthony Akpofure; Rystrom, Zachary
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.116-123

Abstract

Due to a rapidly increasing global population and limited arable land, there is a need to increase crop productivity per unit area and optimize resource utilization by plants. One strategy to achieve improved resource utilization is intercropping, whereby two or more crops are grown in mixed or alternating patterns within a block of land. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen on radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) intercropping on crop growth parameters and yield. Intercropped radish and spinach grown in the greenhouse resulted in only one radish-spinach intercrop ratio (50:50) with the same or greater productivity as radish and spinach monocultures, and it did not include an addition of nitrogen. The LER value associated with this treatment was 1.06. However, adding fertilizer resulted in significantly different (P<0.05) leaf numbers, chlorophyll content, and dry biomass of intercropped radish and spinach compared to treatments without fertilizer, except for leaf number in radish. Radish and spinach’s replacement series response curves are concave and convex, respectively, in fertilizer and non-fertilizer treatments. The response curves imply that radish is more aggressive than spinach in intercropping systems. In the only intercrop treatment with an LER>1.0 (50:50 without fertilizer), radish was 2.9 times more competitive than spinach.
How Do Groundwater Levels and Soil Moisture Influence the Peat Fire Vulnerability Index in Oil Palm Plantations? Purnamayani, Rima; Tarigan , Suria Darma; Sudradjat, Sudradjat; Syahbuddin, Haris; Dariah, Ai; Kartiwa, Budi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.235-245

Abstract

Peatland fires are a significant environmental issue, impacting local ecosystems and contributing to global climate change. This study evaluates the Peat Fire Vulnerability Index (PFVI) for sapric and hemic maturity levels under oil palm plantations in Pangkalan Pisang Village, Riau Province. Data on groundwater level, soil moisture, rainfall, and maximum temperature were collected from December 2021 to December 2022. The PFVI, modified from the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI), was calculated and correlated with these variables. The groundwater level varied from 3 cm to 76 cm below the surface, with an average of 36.23 cm. In sapric blocks, 29% of the groundwater level was less than 40 cm, while 73% were deeper. In hemic blocks, 44% were less than 40 cm, and 56% were deeper. Soil moisture in the top 10 cm layer fluctuated between 32% and 55% (v/v) Results showed significant negative correlations between PFVI and groundwater levels (r = -0.173 to -0.889) and soil moisture (r = -0.835 to -0.808), indicating that lower groundwater levels and soil moisture increase fire risk. High PFVI values in July corresponded with the lowest rainfall (59 mm) and groundwater levels below 40 cm. The study highlights the importance of monitoring hydrometeorological conditions and soil properties to effectively predict and mitigate peatland fires. Our findings are crucial for developing strategies to manage peatland sustainability and reduce fire hazards, especially in tropical regions with prevalent oil palm cultivation.
Alley Cropping System to Increase Corn Crop Production and Agricultural Productivity in Dry Land Amirudin, Amirudin; Muhibuddin, Andi; Musa, Yunus; Kadekoh, Indrianto; Mas’ud, Hidayati
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.358-364

Abstract

Alley cropping is an agroforestry system that plants annual crops or food crops between alleys formed by hedges of trees or shrubs. This study aims to determine the effects of the alley cropping system, the provision of Gamal (Gliricidia sepium) biomass, and the doses of N, P, and K fertilizers on corn production. The study was conducted in 2022 at the educational plantation area, Integrated Farming System, Faculty of Agriculture, Bosowa University, Bontoramba Village, Pallangga Subdistrict, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The experimental design used was a split plot with and without hedgerow plant treatment as the main plot and doses of N, P, and K as subplots. The subplots consist of the control or without fertilizers,  P fertilizer only at 100 kg.ha-1 SP-36, K fertilizer only at 100 kg.ha-1 KCl, N  and K (250 kg.ha-1 Urea, 100 kg.ha-1 KCl), N and P (250 kg.ha-1 Urea, 100 kg.ha-1 SP-36), and N, P and K (250 kg.ha-1 Urea, 100 kg.ha-1 SP-36, 100 kg.ha-1 KCl). The research showed that the alley-cropping system increased corn production from 4,690 to 6,089 tons.ha-1, with an average increase of 50% compared to corn production without the alley-cropping system. The N, P, and K fertilization produced the best average corn yields. The alley-cropping system achieved the highest land productivity compared to those without the alley-cropping system.
Variability of Agronomic and Metabolomic Characteristics of Nine Accessions of Cardamom (Amomum compactum) From Central Java, Indonesia Haniefan, Nafarain Agung; Wiendi, Ni Made Armini; Santosa, Edi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.462-472

Abstract

Amomum compactum (Javanese cardamom) is valued for its unique flavor and aroma, commonly used as a culinary spice or medicinal ingredient. The numerous accessions of cardamom in Indonesia present a significant potential for developing this spice. However, the specific potential of each accession remains to be discovered. This study records the variation of agronomical traits and metabolomic profiles of nine cardamom accessions from Central Java, Indonesia. Multivariate analysis using a heatmap on agronomical traits indicated significant variation among accessions, with clustering based on growth locations. Genetic parameter analysis revealed high phenotypic variability, but varying broad-sense heritability among traits, suggesting the influence of both genotypic and environmental factors. Metabolomic analysis using GC-MS reveals the presence of specific compounds in certain accessions, such as beta-panasinsene in the Kulonprogo Putih accession, 1-docosene and alpha-terpinene in the Banyumas Putih accession, and 9-tricosene in the Banyumas Hybrid, which can serve as markers for these accessions.
Cytological Deterioration of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) Pollen During Storage and Its Impact on Effectiveness for Seed Production Kusumastuti, Hamiddah Intan; Widajati, Eny; Palupi, Endah Retno
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.303-313

Abstract

Pollen storage plays an important role in the hybrid seed production of bitter gourd, but a primary challenge is the rapid decline in pollen viability. This research aimed to investigate the mechanisms of bitter gourd pollen deterioration during storage and to assess the effectiveness of stored pollen for hybrid seed production. The study was conducted at the Leuwikopo Research Station, IPB University, from September 2018 to June 2021. Bitter gourd pollen was collected at anthesis and stored in a deep freezer at -21±3ºC. Pollen viability was observed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after storage (WAS), while pollen ultrastructure was examined at 0, 4, 8, and 12 WAS using a transmission electron microscope. The stored pollen was then used for pollination, observations were made on fruit set, seed set, and seed quality. The viability of bitter gourd pollen declined rapidly following dehydration before storage. The declining pollen viability during storage was due to the degeneration of the intine, followed by mitochondrial deterioration. The cristae became disorganised, leading to the dissolution of the cristae and outer membrane of mitochondria. Storing the pollen in a deep freezer (-21±3ºC) after dehydration did not prevent a further decline in pollen viability. Bitter gourd pollen stored for more than 2 weeks at -21±3ºC is ineffective for seed production. Cucurbit pollen remains viable for only two weeks; thus, fresh pollen is more practical for hybrid seed production. Development of more effective pollen storage methods is necessary to prolong pollen viability and enhance breeding efficiency. 
Phenological Study of Flowering and Fruiting in Banana “Rejang” (Musa acuminata Colla) Asmah, Nur; Widodo, Winarso Drajad; Suketi, Ketty
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.451-461

Abstract

Banana “Rejang” originates from Rejang Lebong Regency in Bengkulu Province, Sumatra, at elevations ranging from 600 to 700 meters above sea level. Banana “Rejang” is known for its sweet taste, high fibre in the pseudo stems, resistance to Fusarium spp., with slender and long fruits, and tapering fruit tips. This study aims to examine the phenological patterns of Rejang bananas and establish appropriate harvest criteria using the heat unit method. A descriptive research design was employed to illustrate the phenological development during the generative phase without external treatments. A total of 25 Rejang banana plants were observed and measured, spanning the developmental stages from flag leaf emergence to flowering and fruiting. Data were collected daily at 7:00 a.m., 10:00 a.m., 1:00 p.m., and 4:00 p.m. The average daily temperature was recorded to calculate heat units in degrees Celsius (°C). Phenological development begins with the emergence of the flag leaf at 102 days after planting, corresponding to an accumulated heat unit of 1,800-degree days. Flower initiation occurs at 134 days after planting, with 2,330-degree days accumulated as heat units. The period from flower initiation to anthesis lasts approximately 4 days, followed by a period of 4 days after anthesis (DAA). Bract opening occurs 3 DAA, followed by bract rolling at 7 DAA and banana heart emergence at 10 DAA. The bunch stalk forms 7 days after anthesis, after the banana heart emerges. Fertilization occurs 165 days after planting (DAP), with a total heat unit accumulation of 2,833 degree-days. This stage involves the formation of the bunch stalk and the emergence of the fruit cluster, which occurs 5 DAA. The rachis appears at 5 days after anthesis, and fruit development is reached at 12 DAA after rachis emergence. The optimal harvest.

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