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Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 23560169     EISSN : 23560177     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Journal of Tropical Crop Science is an international journal publishing research related to tropical crops. Articles in the journal focus on in-vivo and in-vitro production and production environment, breeding, seed technology, physiology, postharvest, pest and pathology of cereals, vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, medicinal and plantation crops; soil, landscape, turf and agro ecology management under tropical conditions.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 320 Documents
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Biology of Cellulosic Bacteria from Hindgut Oryctes rhinoceros as Antagonistic Agent of Ganoderma boninense In Vitro Purba, Vita Mutiara Rizky; Marheni, Marheni
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.398-407

Abstract

Ganoderma boninense is a pathogenic fungus that causes the base rot of oil palm trunks. Antagonistic microorganisms can inhibit, suppress, or eliminate populations of plant pathogens. Antagonistic microorganisms can be utilized through symbiotic bacteria. The capability of symbiotic bacteria to degrade cellulose enables them to be more utilized as biological agents for controlling plant pathogens. Oryctes rhinoceros larvae are one of the insects that have symbiotic bacteria. This study aims to analyze the morphological and biochemical characteristics of symbiotic bacteria of O. rhinoceros larvae and see their effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of G. boninense. This research employed a non-factorial completely randomized design with six treatments: S0, Ganoderma boninense (control); S1, G. boninense + isolate of symbiotic bacteria (P2); and S2, G. boninense + isolate of symbiotic bacteria (P3). The results showed that treatment P2 that c, which contains Bacillus subtilis, was able to inhibit G. boninense by 35.21%, and the P3 bacterial isolate, which is Bacillus sp., was able to inhibit the growth of G. boninense by 23.66%. The identification showed that bacteria P2 is B. subtilis, and P3 is Bacillus sp.
Adaptations to Climate Variability in Northern Uganda: Implications for Food Security Wambede, Nabalegwa Muhamud; Sharon, Alonyo; JoyFred, Asaba; Mulabbi, Andrew; Robert, Tweheyo
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.261-273

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between climate variability adaptation strategies and household food security. Specifically, it investigated the adaptation practices employed by farmers and assessed their impact on food availability by comparing food security outcomes between adapting and non-adapting households. Data were collected from 375 randomly selected households in Agoro and Madi Opei sub-counties, known for their transitional climatic conditions. Employing questionnaires, field observations, and key informant interviews, the study found early planting (38.2%), new crop varieties (25.4%), drought-resistant crops (21.6%), and small-scale irrigation (7.8%) to be the primary on-farm adaptations, while motorcycling (50%), retail (25%), and construction-related activities (10%) dominated off-farm strategies. In the surveyed households, 1.2% experienced inadequate food availability, 95.7% exhibited moderate food security, and 3.1% demonstrated adequate food security. The study revealed a positive correlation between adaptation practices and food security, suggesting that various adaptation strategies can enhance household resilience to climate variability.
Optimizing Growth and Flavonoid Production in Kaempferia angustifolia Using Organic (Chicken and Cow Manure) and Inorganic Fertilizers Aziz, Sandra Arifin; Ridwan, Taopik; Iswantini, Dyah; Trivadila, Trivadila; Murni, Anggia; Rafi, Mohamad
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.365-377

Abstract

Kaempferia angustifolia originated in Southeast Asia and is widely used for its medicinal properties. One of which is from its flavonoids. The research aims to determine the optimal dosage of organic and inorganic fertilizers for promoting the growth and flavonoid production of K. angustifolia. The study was laid out in a split-plot design using organic fertilizers as the main plots (chicken and cow manure at 10 t.ha-1) and inorganic fertilizers as the subplots, consisting of 19 combinations of urea, SP36, and KCl. Each treatment has three replications.  The results showed that there is no interaction between organic and inorganic fertilizers in affecting the growth of Kaempferia angustifolia. Plants treated with chicken manure at 10 tons per hectare have a higher fresh weight than those treated with cow manure. Plants without inorganic fertilizer application showed suppressed growth and yielded more rhizomes three months after planting. Inorganic fertilizer promoted more shoots and tillers, with the highest value obtained from 100 kg.ha-1 urea + 200 kg.ha-1 SP36 + 200 kg.ha-1 KCl application.   The range of total flavonoids in inorganic fertilizer applications is 39.30-131.51% higher than the control, with the highest value observed at 200 kg.ha-1 SP36 + 200 kg.ha-1 KCl application. The results of this study would be useful for producing K. angustifolia for the medicinal industry, using either organic or inorganic fertilizers.
Effects of Seed Rates on Seed Quality and Seed Multiplication Factor of Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) in Early Generation Seed Classes Under Rain-Fed Conditions in Amhara Region, Ethiopia Wasie, Tilaye Anbes; Shibie, Belayneh; Chanie, Yematew
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.437-450

Abstract

Seed is a vital agricultural resource for enhancing crop production and productivity. However, a variety of variables limit bread wheat seed output and quality, including an insufficient seed rate for early generation seed production. The experiment was conducted in three districts, Adet, Debre Tabor, and Enewari, over two years (2020 and 2021) under rain-fed conditions to determine the optimal seeding rate for early-generation seed classes of bread wheat. Treatments included factorial combinations of five seeding rates (50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 kg.ha-1) and two seed classes, breeder and basic seeds. A randomized complete-block design with three replications was employed. A combined study across years and locations revealed that the interaction effect of seed rate and seed class was not significant (P > 0.05) for the parameters of days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, spike length, seed yield, and seed multiplication ratio. The combined results showed that seed rate had a substantial effect on bread wheat spike length, yield, and seed multiplication ratio. Lower seed rates resulted in a higher seed multiplication ratio at all three locations. Increasing the seed rate from 50 to 150 kg.ha-1 increased seed yield from 2555.2 kg.ha-1 to 3235.2 kg.ha-1, although the difference in seed yield between 125 and 150 kg.ha-1 was statistically insignificant (p>0.05 for the combined study). Finally, seed rates as low as 125 kg ha-1 can be employed for all seed classes to boost early-generation seed output in the three locations and similar agroecologies.
Growth Response, Physiology, Metabolomic, and Production of Micro-Tom Tomatoes to Additional Lighting with White and Purple Light-Emitting Diode Lubis, Wahyu Muhammad Yuha; Hapsari, Dhika Prita; Poerwanto, Roedhy; Matra, Deden Derajat
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.284-295

Abstract

Tomatoes are a widely produced and consumed fruit-vegetable belonging to the Solanaceae family. It contains minerals, vitamins, essential amino acids, sugars, and fiber. Micro-Tom is a wild-type cultivar from a cross between the Florida Basket and Ohio 4013-3 cultivars. Micro-Tom has two mutant types, the iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 mutants, which exhibit strong parthenocarpic properties. It is classified as a mutant tomato due to a mutation in the IAA9 gene, which belongs to the Auxin/IAA (Indole-3-Acetic-Acid) gene family and plays a role in suppressing the endogenous auxin signal transcription pathway. Using artificial light in cultivation techniques shortens the plant cycle and accelerates the juvenile phase. This study aimed to investigate the morphological, physiological, and production responses of Micro-Tom tomatoes to supplemental LED lighting. The research was conducted at the Leuwikopo experimental field of IPB University from March to November 2023. A completely randomized design was employed, with two factors (LED spectrum and Micro-Tom genotyping) and nine replicates. The study also examined the potential benefits of combining polychromatic and monochromatic light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The response of Micro-Tom tomatoes to artificial lighting with purple and white LEDs did not show significant differences in growth and production parameters. However, significant differences were observed between the tomato types, specifically between the Wild-type and the iaa9-3 mutant. No significant differences were found in LED treatment or Micro-Tom genotype for physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content and glucose-fructose levels. Regarding fruit quality, no significant differences were observed for parameters such as total soluble solids (TSS, Brix) to total titratable acidity (TTA, acidity), glucose and fructose, and malic acid. The LC-MS/MS analysis of leaves exposed to purple LED light revealed a profile dominated by secondary metabolites from the fatty acid compound group, suggesting the potential benefits of this lighting combination. In conclusion, using LED lights can accelerate the plant life cycle and shorten the juvenile phase, as evidenced by the first flower emergence, which occurred 20 days after transplanting (DAT) in the wild-type genotype and 16 DAT in the mutant genotype.
Early Identification of Potentially Drought-Tolerant Doubled Haploid Rice Lines During the Seedling Stage Munandar, Arief; Purwoko, Bambang Sapto; Dewi, Iswari Saraswati; Suwarno, Willy Bayuardi; Hadianto, Wira; Nurhidayah, Siti
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.346-357

Abstract

Climate change and reduced crop yields caused by drought stress have increased the demand for drought-tolerant varieties. The anther culture technique allows the production of improved varieties with high homozygosity in a short time. The study aimed to select the drought-tolerant double haploid lines at the seedling stage. This research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Instrument Standard Testing (BBPSI Biogen), Bogor, from August to November 2023. The drought-tolerant selection of 12 doubled-haploid rice lines (AE1-AE12) and four check varieties, i.e., two commercial checks (“Inpari 18” Tadah Hujan Agritan or AE13, “Bioni63” Ciherang Agritan or AE14), one drought-tolerant check (“Salumpikit” or AE15), and one drought-sensitive check (“IR20” or AE16). The research used a randomized complete block design with three replications. The characters observed were leaf rolling, leaf drying, recovery ability, and plant fresh and dry weight. The Friedman test results showed that the lines with the lowest rankings, three lines (AE2, AE5, and AE12) with mild tolerant criteria for leaf rolling, five lines (AE1, AE2, AE5, AE8, and AE12) with mild tolerant criteria for leaf drying, and three lines (AE1, AE5, and AE12) with tolerant criteria for recovery ability. The selection index for drought tolerance at the seedling stage identified seven lines with positive values. Based on the Friedman test, selection index, and heatmap visualization, AE12, AE1, AE5, and AE8 exhibited a tolerance similar to “Salumpikit” and were deemed suitable based on drought tolerance characters.
Diagnostic Trials on Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) for Developing Site-specific Nutrient Management Practices in the Lowlands of Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia Teshome, Habtemariam; Adissie, Samuel; Sisay, Kassa; Hailu, Tadesse
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.408-416

Abstract

Soil fertility heterogeneity significantly influences crop productivity and the effectiveness of nutrient management strategies. In Ethiopia, various types and sources of inorganic fertilizers are distributed to enhance crop production. Therefore, selecting appropriate fertilizers based on specific soil nutrient deficiencies is essential. A field experiment was conducted in Kobo using sorghum as the test crop to identify yield-limiting nutrients through crop response. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design with farmers’ fields serving as replications. Biological yield data were collected and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). When significant differences among treatments were detected, means were separated using the LSD test at P ≤ 0.05. Results showed that omitting nutrients from inorganic fertilizers, either individually or in combination, significantly reduced grain yield. The highest grain yield was achieved with the combined application of NPS (nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur) fertilizer and farmyard manure (FYM). In contrast, the lowest yield occurred in the control treatment, where all nutrients were omitted. Biomass yield did not differ significantly between treatments across both years. The study indicates that applying farmyard manure in combination with inorganic fertilizers, such as NPS, NPSK (NPS + potassium), and NPSKZn (NPSK + Zinc), effectively meets the nutrient requirements of sorghum. Grain yield under nutrient omission treatments ranked as follows: NPS + FYM > NPS > NPSK > NPSKZn > NP > NS > PS > N > S > P. Among the nutrients tested, farmyard manure had the greatest impact on yield, followed by nitrogen, sulphur, and phosphorus fertilizers.
Diversity of Sweet Corn Canopy Architecture for Intercropping Pattern Suitability with Cayenne Pepper Patandean, Brayen; Chozin, Muhamad Achmad; Ritonga, Arya Widura
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.314-326

Abstract

The intercropping system has become increasingly important due to the limited availability of agricultural land and the growing population. Sweet corn is one of the potential crops for intercropping; however, its compatibility with companion plants varies among genotypes. This study analyzed the canopy diversity of 10 sweet corn genotypes and their impact on temperature, humidity, and light intensity. The research was conducted at the Pasir Kuda Experimental Station, Bogor Agricultural University, from June to August 2024, using ten hybrid sweet corn genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each genotype was planted in plots measuring 3.75 m², with a 25 cm × 75 cm spacing, resulting in 30 plants per bed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical analysis identified three clusters of genotypes based on ten morphological traits. The first cluster included “Verona”, “Talenta”, “Paragon”, SM12 x SB13, “Exotic”, and “Secada”. The second cluster consisted of “Arinta”, SB8 x SM6, and SM12 x SM1, while the third cluster included SM1 x SM9. Temperature and humidity measurements revealed significant differences among clusters, influencing photosynthetic efficiency and yield potential. Denser canopies exhibited lower temperatures, higher humidity, and reduced light intensity, whereas more open canopies displayed higher temperatures, lower humidity, and increased light intensity. The study also analyzed cob weight, length, and diameter, as well as critical factors for yield potential and photosynthetic efficiency. Based on the results, genotypes with denser canopies from Cluster One (“Verona”, “Talenta”, “Paragon”, SM12 x SB13, “Exotic”, and “Secada”) are recommended for intercropping with cayenne peppers due to their favourable microclimate compatibility.
Effectiveness of Vermicompost Priming in Improving the Physiological Quality of Soybean Seeds Permatasari, Dewi Rahmawati Intan; Ilyas, Satriyas; Qadir, Abdul
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.274-283

Abstract

Soybean seeds deteriorate rapidly, especially under humid tropics. An effective method for boosting seed germination is invigoration, which is applied as a pre-planting seed treatment to stimulate the metabolic activity in the seed. The research aimed to compare the effectiveness of vermicompost priming with other invigoration methods in improving the physiological quality of soybean seeds. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot, randomized design. The main plots were seed lots based on low, medium, and high germination of three soybean varieties (“Argomulyo”, “Detap 1”, and “Devon 1”). Subplot, invigoration method: control, matriconditioning with rice husk charcoal, a ratio of seed (g): rice husk charcoal (g): water (mL) 9:6:7 for 12 hours; osmoconditioning with 15% PEG 6000 solution, a ratio of seed (g): solution (mL) was 1:2 for 12 hours, and vermicompost priming with a ratio of seed (g): vermicompost (g): water (mL) 12:14:12 for 18 hours. Each experimental unit used 120 g of seeds. The invigoration treatment was conducted in a room with a temperature of 25 ± 2°C and a relative humidity (RH) of 65-70%. The results showed that invigoration treatment can be used on soybean seeds with moderate viability (germination rate of 70-79%). In “Argomulyo” and “Detap 1”, the seed physiological quality increased with vermicompost priming, and in “Devon 1”, it increased with matriconditioning. The enhanced physiological quality of soybean seeds may be attributed to the complete nutrient and phytohormone content in vermicompost.
Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) to Enhance Biomass of Uncaria gambir (Gambier) in Ex Coal Mining Soil Hervani, Dini; Febjislami, Shalati; Armansyah, Armansyah; Kusumawati, Aries; Lopita, Septy; Rahmad, Rahmad
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.417-425

Abstract

Gambier cultivation faces limitations due to decreasing land availability; however, utilizing ex-coal mining land presents a promising alternative for sustainable expansion. Ex-coal mining land has the problem of low available nutrients because of bonded nutrients. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF) can help release bound nutrients into available nutrients, so that on ex-coal mining land, there is an increase in the amount of available nutrients that can be absorbed by plants for their growth. The study aimed to determine the effect of different types of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their doses on the biomass of gambier seedlings planted in ex-coal mining soil. An experimental design was employed using a randomized block design with two treatments: the types of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Acaulospora sp., Glomus sp., and Gigaspora sp.) and the AMF dosages (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g per seedling). All treatments were replicated three times. The parameters observed were soil chemical analysis, root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), shoot and root fresh and dry weights, net assimilation rate, and relative growth rate. The results obtained showed that AMF type and dose treatment had a significant effect on all parameters, except for the relative growth rate, and there was no interaction between the two treatments. Glomus sp. at a dose of 20 g per seedling provided the best influence in increasing gambier seedlings' biomass under the ex-coal mine soil.

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