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JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI

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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : 14108917 EISSN : 25979914 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering

urnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (p-ISSN: 1410-8917) and e-ISSN: 2597-9914) is published by Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University. This journal is published four times per year and publishes research, review and short communication in field of Chemistry.

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Articles 796 Documents

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Development of a Fast Simultaneous Analysis Method for Determination of Middle Rare-Earth Elements in Monazite Samples Heru Agung Saputra; Anni Anggraeni; Abdul Mutalib; Husein Hernandi Bahti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 24, No 5 (2021): Volume 24 Issue 5 Year 2021
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Rare earth elements are a set of seventeen metallic elements, which is an essential part of many high-tech devices. Hence, analysis and/or separation of the rare earth elements from their mineral become crucial. A novel analysis method combining ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic and multivariate analysis was developed to determine middle rare earth elements quickly and simultaneously. The data collected from ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic were analyzed by multivariate analysis. The results showed that the developed method has good accuracy and precision with a detection limit of 1.375 (± 0.012), 0.332 (± 0.004), 42.117 (± 0.200), 1.767 (± 0.011), and 0.576 (± 0.002) ppm, respectively for samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, and dysprosium. The interference effect of ammonium iron(II) sulfate hexahydrate, manganese(III) sulfate hydrate, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, and lead(II) nitrate were examined. The reliability of the proposed method was evaluated using monazite samples. Conclusively, the developed method was successfully applied to determine the middle rare earth elements in monazite samples.

Comparative Optimization of Cellulase and Laccase Enzymes in Deinking Process of Used Newspapers Saharman Gea; Noni Oktari; Andriayani Andriayani; Sri Rahayu; Averroes F Piliang
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 23, No 10 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 10 Year 2020
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

The use of enzymes in the bio-deinking process of newspaper waste has promising potential. However, investigations on the concentration of enzyme combinations need to be carried out to obtain the optimum ratio of cellulase and laccase enzymes for the bio-deinking process of recycled newspapers. The mixture of the two enzymes at various ratios was used to remove the ink on paper pulp from used newspapers by mechanical disintegration method treatment and followed by the bio-deinking process in an incubator shaker. The characterization of functional groups, structures, and thermal properties of bio-deinked pulp paper was carried out by FTIR, XRD, DTG/TGA, and an analysis of the degree of brightness to the prepared paper. FTIR results confirmed three main components of papers, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The XRD results showed that the equal ratio of cellulase and laccase enzymes had an effect on a higher crystallinity index, which was 78.8% compared to those obtained from the conventional methods with a crystallinity index of 69.7%. Thermal analysis showed that the optimum combination of both enzymes contributed the most at the highest temperature where the rate of degradation decreased. Brightness analysis showed that bio-deinking had met the quality requirements for newsprint paper in SNI 7273:2008. Our findings show that the combination of cellulase and laccase enzymes at the same ratio can produce optimal bio-deinked pulp for paper fabrication with excellent characteristics in brightness, thermal, and physical properties.

Cytotoxic Activity of Ethyl-para-methoxycinnamate from Kaempferia galanga L. on A549 Lung Cancer and B16 Melanoma Cancer Cells Riza Apriani; Fajar Fauzi Abdullah
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 24, No 1 (2021): Volume 24 Issue 1 Year 2021
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Kaempferia galanga L. belongs to the family of Zingiberaceae, an endangered medicinal plant with pharmacology activities. Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) is an essential phytoconstituent of K. galanga rhizomes. Several studies have reported that EPMC has anticancer activities in several cancer cells, including CL-6 gallbladder cancer cells, HepG2liver cancer cells, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and Raji lymphoma cancer cells. However, studies on A549 lung cancer and B16 melanoma cancer cells have not been reported. This study aimed to determine the anticancer activity of EPMC against A549 lung cancer and B16 melanoma cancer cells. EPMC was obtained by extraction using n-hexane, then recrystallized with chloroform. The isolate was then analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and the structure was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Cytotoxic activity was determined under Presto Blue assay. Based on the result, EPMC from K. galanga showed the cytotoxic effect on B16 cells with an IC50 value of 97.09 μg/mL, whereas EPMC showed no significant cytotoxic effect on A549 with an IC50 value of 1407.75 μg/mL. It was concluded that EPMC has potential cytotoxic on B16 melanoma cancer cells, but it showed inactive activity against A549 lung cancer cells. Further molecular mechanism underlying EPMC cytotoxic activity needs to be conducted.

Antimalarial Activity of Sea Sponge Extract of Stylissa massa originating from waters of Rote Island Jefry Presson; Respati Tri Swasono; Sabirin Matsjeh; Meta Permata Putri; Zulfah Az Zahra; Lukas Pardosi
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 24, No 4 (2021): Volume 24 Issue 4 Year 2021
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Research on the isolation, toxicity test, antimalarial test, and identification of the active compound from the ethyl acetate fraction of Stylissa massa sponge from Oenggae waters, Rote Island, has been conducted. This study aimed to investigate the antimalarial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of the Stylissa massa sponge. Isolation was carried out by the extraction method using a mixed solvent of methanol: dichloromethane of 3: 2 (v/v), then the extract was partitioned in a solvent mixture of ethyl acetate: water of 1: 2 (v/v). The ethyl acetate extract obtained was separated by column chromatography using the gradient polarity system method. The toxicity test of each fraction was carried out by the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method, and the antimalarial test was carried out by the haematin polymerization inhibition method. Identification of compounds from the active fraction in the antimalarial test was carried out using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). The extraction yield was 1.14 g (0.23%) of the ethyl acetate extract in the form of a dark brownish-yellow oily solid. Separation by column chromatography resulted in 15 fractions. Toxicity test results showed the four most active fractions with LC50 values, which are very promising for new drug discovery. The IC50 value in the antimalarial activity test of the four fractions indicated that the Stylissa massa sponge ethyl acetate extract was more active than the standard chloroquine compound (115 μg/mL). The LC-MS analysis indicates that fraction 11 contains two compounds that have been reported, and 1 compound is unknown. In contrast, fraction 14 indicates that it contains three compounds that have been reported and one unknown compound.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Screening of Endophytic Fungi Culture Filtrate from Purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina Molk) Leaf Agustina L. N. Aminin; Nur Cahyanti; Alfina Sari; Nies Suci Mulyani; Bambang Cahyono
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 23, No 9 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 9 Year 2020
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

This is a preliminary study to determine the bioactivity potential of purwoceng leaf endophytic fungal metabolites. Endophytic fungi were isolated from purwoceng leaf and their secondary metabolite from culture filtrate were subjected to identify the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and phytochemical screening. The antioxidant activity was screened by scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The antimicrobial activity was screened using a good agar method toward Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Candida albicans. This study obtained five distinctive endophytic fungi isolates named A, B, C, D, and E. The endophytic fungal culture filtrate of C has the most extensive antimicrobial activity with phytochemical screening showing alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids. The antioxidant potential of all culture filtrates seemed low because the DPPH amount was interfered with by pigment compounds. Culture filtrate of fungi A showed the highest antioxidant activity and contained phenolic and alkaloid compounds.

Catalysis of glycerol acetylation on solid acid catalyst: a review Nur Hidayati; Rahmah Puspita Sari; Herry Purnama
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 23, No 12 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 12 Year 2020
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Biodiesel is a substitute fuel that is environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and sustainable. The need for biodiesel continues to increase. Biodiesel is made through the process of transesterification of triglycerides and alcohol. Glycerol is a side-effect of biodiesel products with a capacity of 10% of the total weight of its production. Glycerol is the simplest glyceride compound and has several functions as a primary ingredient in chemical production. Through acetylation, glycerol is converted to a material that has a higher sale value. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts are the acetylation approach to achieve the desired product, namely acetyl glycerol esters (mono-, di- and triacetin). However, in the process, the catalyst’s type and characteristics significantly affect the yield and conversion of the product and the deactivation or reusability of the catalyst, which can inhibit the catalyst’s utilization and effectiveness; therefore, it must be studied further. Besides, the parameters that affect the reaction will also be assessed.

Molecular Docking of Red Betel (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) Bioactive Compounds as HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Bella Fatima Dora Zaelani; Mega Safithri; Dimas Andrianto
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 24, No 3 (2021): Volume 24 Issue 3 Year 2021
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Cholesterol plaque buildup in artery walls occurs due to oxidation of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) molecules by free radicals, which are a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Piper crocatum contains active compounds that can act as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, tannins, and essential oils. This study aimed to predict the potential of Piper crocatum extract and fraction compounds as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors by investigating the ligand affinity to the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme. Ligand and receptor preparation was conducted using BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer v16.1.0.15350 and AutoDock Tools v.1.5.6. Molecular docking used AutoDock Vina, while ligand visualization and receptor binding used PyMOL(TM) 1.7.4.5.Edu. The receptor used was HMG-CoA reductase (PDB code: 1HWK) with atorvastatin as a control ligand. Catechin, schisandrin B, and CHEMBL216163 had the highest inhibition with affinity energies of -7.9 kcal/mol, -8.2 kcal/mol, -8.3 kcal/mol, respectively. Amino acid residues that played a role in ligand and receptor interactions were Ser684, Asp690, Lys691, Lys692.

Preparation of thin layer CuO from Cu2O using the Spin Coating Method at Various Annealing Temperature and Number of Dripping for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Eka Pratista; Gunawan Gunawan; Didik Setiyo Widodo
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 23, No 11 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 11 Year 2020
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

A thin layer preparation of CuO from Cu2O powder using Fehling's solution for photoelectrochemical applications has been performed. The research was focused on studying the effect of annealing temperature and the number of drops on the performance of CuO thin layer semiconductors from Cu2O powder prepared by spin coating with a rotation rate of 500 rpm for 15 seconds. The thin layers were treated with annealing with temperature variations of 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C for 1 hour and variations in the number of drops of 10, 20, and 50 drops. The CuO thin layer was tested in a photoelectrochemical process as a photocathode to split water with a simulated light of 1.5 AM (100 mW/cm2). The process of splitting water as a method of producing hydrogen energy by photoelectrochemistry is assisted by semiconductors, such as CuO, in an electrolyte solution to capture photons and drive the water-splitting reactions. Copper (II) Oxide (CuO) is a p-type semiconductor with a band gap of 1.2-2.5 eV, which can be used as a photocathode. The optimum photoelectrochemical measurement results were obtained at an annealing temperature of 400°C and 50 drops with a current density of 0.584 mA/cm2 at a potential of 0.2 V versus the Reversible Hydrogen Electrode (RHE). The results of the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis show that the morphology of the oxide is spherical. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis displays that the sample contained 51.46% and 48.54% of Cu and O, respectively. The X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) analysis shows that the oxide grain size is 44.137 nm.

Immobilization of Crude Polyphenol Oxidase Extracts from Apples on Polypyrrole as a Membrane for Phenol Removal Anceu Murniati; Buchari Buchari; Suryo Gandasasmita; Zeily Nurachman; Arie Hardian; Dera Triani
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 24, No 2 (2021): Volume 24 Issue 2 Year 2021
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

This research aims to make a polypyrrole (PPy) membrane and crude extract of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) as a membrane of mPPy/PPO apple extracts. The membrane of PPy/PPO-apple extract has been synthesized by the electrodeposition method. The electrolyte composition consists of a mixture of 0.10-0.20 M pyrrole (Py) and 50-100% PPO apple extract, which is stable using 50 mM of phosphate buffer solution at pH 6.80-7.00 and room temperature. The electrodeposition process is used 400 mesh steel gauze anode ST-304 and carbon plate cathode. Electrodeposition is carried out at potential = 5.00-6.00 V; current = 0.02-0.25 A; the distance from both electrodes = 1.00-2.00 cm for 300-500 seconds. The results from the deposition of PPy/PPO apple extract of the anode are a membrane of mPPy/PPO-apple extract, with total enzyme activity (U) = (957,1441, 2287 and 1754) using 2.00-5.00 mM phenol as a substrate which is measured based on the UV-visible spectrophotometric method. PPy and mPPy/PPO-apple extracts were characterized by SEM and SEM-EDS. The membrane of mPPy/PPO-apple extract can be used to remove phenol in industrial wastewater samples is 50-65% with a filtration capacity of 500 mL for 2 hours.

Discrimination of cassava, taro, and wheat flour using near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics Mohamad Rafi; Sifa Awalul Fikriah; Rifki Husnul Khuluk; Utami Dyah Syafitri
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 23, No 10 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 10 Year 2020
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

There is a difference in the selling price for cassava, taro, and wheat flour, with taro flour having a higher price. It could be a reason for adulterating the taro flour from the other two flours and reducing quality. This study aims to distinguish the three types of flour using the near-infrared (NIR) spectra combined with chemometrics. The NIR spectra of all samples were measured at a wavelength of 1000-2500 nm. The multivariate analysis used was principal component analysis (PCA), and PCA followed with discriminant analysis (DA). The preliminary process of the signal using area normalization was carried out before the multivariate analysis. The PCA results showed that most of the samples were grouped in their respective groups except for two samples, namely 1 sample of taro flour and 1 sample of cassava flour. Meanwhile, the PCA-DA results using seven main components showed that the three samples were grouped well. DA validation was carried out using the cross-validation method, showing that the samples could be identified into their respective groups. Therefore, a combination of NIR spectrum and chemometric analysis can be used to differentiate cassava, taro, and wheat flour

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Adi Darmawan

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adidarmawan@live.undip.ac.id

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Kota semarang,

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