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Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 25490273     EISSN : 25490273     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Background: Increased blood pressure for a long time can increase the risk of kidney failure, co­ronary heart disease, brain damage, and other di­seases. In 2019, it is estimated that hyper­tens­ion is experienced by 1.13 billion people in the world with most (two thirds) living in low and mid­­dle income countries. Other study also shows that the police and military are at risk of develop­ing hypertension due to a number of factors such as low know­led­ge about healthy and nutritious food, co-workers who are smokers, and consum­ing alco­hol. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for hypertension in the police and military in the world using meta analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-ana­lysis and systematic review. The articles used we­re obtained from Google Scholar, Springer Link, Pro­­Quest, and Science Direct databases. Selected arti­cles published from 2000 to 2020. Keywords to search for articles are as follows: hypertension po­lice personnel and military, or hypertension po­lice personnel and military. The articles studi­ed are 3 full text articles with cross sectional stu­dy designs and 1 full text articles with case cont­rol study design. Articles are col­lect­ed using PRI­S­­­MA diagrams, and analy­zed us­ing the Re­vi­ew Ma­nager application 5.3. Results: Overweight (aOR= 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.00; p= 0.04), alcohol consumption (aOR­=­ 1.­55; 95% CI= 1.12 to 2.12; p= 0.007), ciga­rette con­­­­sumption (aOR= 1.45 ; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.97; p= 0.020) is a risk factor for hyper­­­tension in the po­­­lice and military. Conclusion: Overweight, alcohol consump­tion, and cigarette consump­tion, are risk fac­tors for hypertension in po­lice and military personnel.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 659 Documents
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Physical, Emotional, and Sexual Violence on the Risk of Depression in Young Adult Women Saidah, Ayu; Demartoto, Argyo; Murti, Bhisma; Subijanto, Achmad Arman; Novika, Revi Gamma Hatta
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.02.05

Abstract

Background: Depression due to dating violence is a serious problem that affects the mental health of many women, especially young adults. Dating violence, whether physical, emotional, or sexual, can interfere with psychological well-being and result in long-term consequences, one of which is depression. This study aims to analyze the relationship between experiences of dating violence and depression in victims, focusing on women aged 16 to 25 years.Subjects and Method: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in Surakarta from October to December 2024. The study sample consisted of 200 female young adults in Surakarta City, selected through random sampling. The dependent variable was depression., Independent variables were physical violence, emotional violence, and sexual violence. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using path analysis on Stata 13.Results: The risk of depression was directly influenced by emotional violence (b=0.49; 95%CI=0.39 to 0.60; p<0.001) and sexual violence (b=0.21; 95%CI=0.09 to 0.32; p<0.001). Meanwhile, the indirect influence was physical violence (b=0.28; 95%CI=0.15 to 0.41; p<0.001) and sexual violence (b=0.25; 95%CI=0.11 to 0.37; p<0.001).Conclusion: Emotional violence and sexual violence directly affect the risk of depression. The indirect influence of the risk of depression is physical violence and sexual violence.
A Stress and Resilience Among Adolescents Experiencing Unintended Pregnancy: A Scoping Review Jumiati, Raodiatul; Astuti, Andari Wuri; Hakimi, Mohammad
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.03.03

Abstract

Background: Unintended pregnancy (UP) among adolescents represents a global issue with profound psychological, social, and emotional consequences. Adolescents experiencing UP often face social stigma, family pressure, and uncertainty about their future, which can lead to prolonged psychological distress. This study aims to explore the experiences of stress and the resilience strategies employed by adolescents dealing with UP.Subjects and Method: This research employs a scoping review methodology based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework, with the population consisting of adolescents, teenage girls, and young mothers. The concepts included stress, stress experience, resilience strategies, and coping mechanisms, and the context was applicable across various settings. Literature was sourced from databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect. Inclusion criteria comprised scholarly publications in English or Indonesian, primary research articles or relevant reviews addressing similar themes, and studies published within the last 10 years to ensure relevance. The PRISMA Flowchart illustrated the selection process, while the critical appraisal of the selected articles followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines.Results: UP is a significant contributor to psychological stress among adolescents, driven by social stigma, isolation, and a lack of emotional support. Nevertheless, resilience emerges as a crucial factor in managing such stress. Protective factors such as support from family and peers and emotional regulation training are pivotal in enhancing adolescent resilience.Conclusion: Community-based interventions focusing on fostering resilience through the development of psychological skills and stress management strategies are essential for supporting the mental health of pregnant adolescents.
Stunting and Its Implications on Cognitive Ability and Language Development Mangunsong, Roy Romey Daulas
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.02.01

Abstract

Background: Stunting, a chronic nutritional disorder from prolonged inadequate intake, affects not only physical growth but also cognitive and language development. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and maternal education are important predictors of stunting risk. Guided by early childhood development theory, this study aims to analyze the implications of stunting on children's cognitive abilities and language development in Karanganyar Regency to inform effective intervention strategies.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, from April to August 2024. A total of 112 children were selected through purposive sampling. The independent variables were stunting status, cognitive ability, mid-upper arm circumference, and maternal education, while the dependent variable was language development. Data were collected through standardized measurements and structured interviews. Logistic regression analysis was performed using Stata 13 to examine the associations between variables.Results: Bivariate analysis revealed that delayed language development was significantly associated with stunting (OR=19.05; p<0.001), poor cognitive ability (OR=18.63; p<0.001), MUAC <13 cm (OR=9.41; p<0.001), and low maternal education (OR=21.21; p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that stunting (b=2.09; 95% CI=1.02 to 3.16; p<0.001) and poor cognitive ability (b=2.06; 95% CI=0.99 to 3.13; p<0.001) had direct effects on delayed language development.Conclusion: Stunting directly impairs children's cognitive ability and language development. Additionally, maternal education and mid-upper arm circumference have indirect effects on these outcomes through their influence on stunting. These findings highlight the need for integrated nutritional and educational interventions to promote optimal child development.
Integration of Indonesian National Trauma Guideline into the Emergency Room System (Cipto Code Trauma System) Mulyana, Radi Muharris; Gani, Ascobat
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.02.02

Abstract

Background: Indonesia has enacted the national trauma guideline since 2017 and Cipto Mangun-kusumo Hospital (CMH) has applied it since 2019 through the establishment of Cipto Code Trauma. This study aimed to describe the compliance, system adherence, performance and outcome associated with the Cipto Code Trauma system.Subjects and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at CMH Emergency Room (ER) using direct observations and data from electronic health records (EHRs). Observations were performed on 106 trauma cases by convenience sampling to map clinical and non-clinical components using a checklist. We compared the implemented ER components against the 2017 national trauma guidelines, assessing the system compliance. Total sampling from EHRs was performed on 4,317 trauma patients to assess performance and outcome of Cipto Code Trauma system. The data were analyzed descriptively.Results: Observations from 106 trauma cases indicate that the Cipto Code Trauma meets all criteria from the national trauma guidelines. Performance indicators from 840 patients were achieved, including trauma team activation (87.6%), on-site multidisciplinary consultation (87.6%), time to physician assessment within five minutes (84.4%), except for length of stay under 4 hours (18.5%) and time to operating theatre within two hours (45.5%). Among the 4,317 trauma cases, the mortality rate for patients in the resuscitation category was 0.4%, while 39% of these patients were discharged directly from the ER.Conclusion: The Cipto Code Trauma at CMH has successfully integrated the Indonesian national trauma guidelines, meeting all required standards. However, further improvements are needed to enhance system adherence and performance.
Spatial Analysis of Determinants of Hypertension Incidence in Kota Lama Subdistrict, Kupang, Indonesia Lenda, Dominggus Agustinus Isak; Weraman, Pius; Syamruth, Yendris Krisno; Adu, Apris A; Roga, Anderias Umbu
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.02.07

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, heart attack, and stroke are chronic non-communicable diseases influenced by genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be utilized for spatial analysis to identify risk factors, distribution patterns, and determinants of diseases, including hypertension. This study aims to examine the determinants of hypertension using a spatial analysis approach in Kota Lama Subdistrict, Kupang City.Subjects and Method: This study employed an ecological study design using an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of residents aged ≥18 years in Kota Lama Subdistrict. A total of 400 individuals diagnosed with hypertension were selected using simple random sampling. The variables examined were age, overweight, lack of physical activity, high-salt diet, alcohol consumption, medication adherence, economic level, and distance to health facilities. Instruments used included a sphygmomanometer, microtoise, weight scale, and questionnaire. Spatial analysis was conducted using the GeoDa application with Regression, Bivariate Local Moran’s Index, Multivariate Local Geary, and Spatial Empirical Bayes tests.Results: The results showed significant associations and clustered spatial autocorrelation with low-to-high relative risk (RR) observed in the subdistricts of LLBK, Bonipoi, Solor, Fatubesi, Oeba, Nefonaek, and Pasir Panjang for the variables: age (p=0.001, I=0.70), overweight (p<0.001, I=0.64), lack of physical activity (p=0.00, I=0.63), high-salt diet (p=0.00, I=0.63), and alcohol consumption (p<0.001, I=0.69). There were no significant associations for variables such as irregular medication intake, economic level, and distance to health facilities, with p-values of 1.000 > α (0.050).Conclusion: Age, overweight, physical inactivity, high-salt diet, and alcohol consumption are significant determinants and show positive clustered spatial autocorrelation with hypertension. It is recommended that individuals over 40 years of age regularly monitor their blood pressure, maintain a healthy diet, engage in sufficient physical activity, and for those with hypertension, adhere to regular medication intake.
Lifestyle among Sports Students: Correlations of Physical Activity, Smoking, Coffee, Screen Time, and Sleep Quality Astari, Hani; Ashadi, Kunjung
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.03.11

Abstract

Background: A healthy lifestyle is an important factor in achieving a high quality of life.. However, research exploring the impact of smoking habits on physical activity levels among students remains limited. This study aims to determine the correlation between smoking habits and physical activity among sports students. Subjects and Methods: This quantitative research study employed a simple random sampling technique to select 105 students from the Sports Coaching Education program. The students completed self-administered questionnaires to assess their daily smoking habits and weekly physical activity levels. In this study, smoking habits are the dependent variable, while physical activity is the independent variable. The data were analyzed using the Spearman Correlation Test to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between the two variables. Results: The results indicated that 26% of the student population were active smokers, and 27% had insufficient levels of physical activity. Although no statistically significant correlation (p= 0.627) was found between smoking habits and physical activity among the students, a negative correlation trend (r= -0.048) was observed. This suggests that higher smoking levels may be associated with decreased physical activity levels. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that increased smoking may reduce physical activity participation. Therefore, promoting healthy lifestyles among students is crucial for enhancing their life quality.
Unwanted Pregnancy and Maternal Mental Health Based on the WHO SRQ-20: A Meta-Analysis Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki; Azmiardi, Akhmad; Wisnuwardani, Ratih Wirapuspita; Al-Ayubi, Moch Thoriq Assegaf; Basrowi, Ray Wagiu; Yuliana, Roma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.03.04

Abstract

Background: The WHO (2019) reported that approximately 10% of pregnant women and 13% of postpartum women globally experience maternal mental health disorders. Several studies have identified unintended pregnancy as a contributing factor to these disorders. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze and estimate the association between unintended pregnancy and maternal mental health disorders (MHD), using studies that applied the WHO Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20).Subjects and Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42025634410). Article searches were conducted up to January 15, 2025, in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Scopus using the keywords: “SRQ” AND (“mental health” OR “psychological well-being” OR “mental disorder”) AND (“unwanted pregnancy” OR “unintended pregnancy” OR “unplanned pregnancy”) AND (“mother” OR “maternal”). Inclusion criteria focused on observational studies using the WHO SRQ-20 to assess maternal mental health among women with unintended and intended pregnancies. Meta-analysis was performed using R Studio, with effect sizes reported as risk ratios (RR) or adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, and funnel plots were generated to examine publication bias.Results: A total of 12 studies from Ethiopia, Indonesia, India, Vietnam, Brazil, and Malawi, comprising 85,862 participants, were included in this meta-analysis. A total of 12 studies with a total of 85,862 participants were analyzed in this meta-analysis. The results showed that unintended pregnancy significantly increased the risk of maternal MHD. This finding was consistent in both cohort and cross-sectional studies, with effect sizes of (RR = 1.49; CI95%= 1.03 to 2.15; p= 0.030) and (aOR= 1.83; CI95%= 1.35 to 2.47; p < 0.001), respectively.Conclusion: These findings highlight the strong association between unintended pregnancy and MHD. Limitations include high heterogeneity among studies, potential publication bias, and the predominance of observational designs, which preclude causal inferences. Despite these limitations, the results underscore the need for interventions that prioritize the overall health of pregnant women.
The Impact of Childhood Trauma on Adolescent Sexual Health: A Scoping Review Fitriya, Yuni; Rokhanawati, Dewi; Askuri
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.03.05

Abstract

Background: Violence against children is a serious global problem. The United Nations reports that more than one billion children experience violence every year. Childhood trauma resulting from such violence has a significant impact on adolescent sexual health, increasing the risk of early sexual initiation and sexually transmitted infections. This study aimed to identify the nature and scope of available research literature on the impact of childhood trauma on adolescent sexual health.Subjects and Method: This was a scoping review within the Arkey and O'Maley approach. The framework used in this study employed PCC (population, concept, and context). The population includes adolescents with childhood trauma, the concept focuses on adolescent sexual health, and the context is childhood trauma. The inclusion criteria in this study were primary research articles using English or Indonesian published in the last 10 years (2015 to 2025), full-text articles, and free. Article selection used Rayyan described in the PRISMA Flowchart, and the Critical Appraisal article assessment used Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI).Results: The results of the study, which included a total of 9 articles, stated that childhood trauma in children can be caused by various forms of violence against children, including physical violence, sexual violence, verbal violence, parental divorce, domestic violence, and neglect. All types of childhood trauma are significantly associated with risky health outcomes such as early sex, unmarital sex, teenage pregnancy, being a teenage parent, consuming illegal drugs and alcohol, and early puberty. Each increase in the type of childhood trauma experiences significantly increases risky sexual health.Conclusion: Adolescents who have childhood trauma are more at risk of various types of high-risk health behaviors such as early sexual intercourse, casual sex, teenage pregnancy, becoming teenage parents, at risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), early puberty, consuming illegal drugs and alcohol, and committing violence.
Children Under 5 Years as Predicting Dengue Transmission in Kebumen District, Indonesia: Case Study Mapping Approaches Susanto, Nugroho; Izhar, M. Dody; Manangsang, Frans
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.03.02

Abstract

Background: Dengue disease is still a problem in the world. Factors affecting population main importance for dengue transmission. The dengue cases severity 34.40% in Indonesia, and the study area is an endemic dengue. The study aimed to determine factors causing dengue transmission in the Kebumen district, Central Java Province.Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 460 villages in Kebumen district, Central Java. The study was conducted in 2024 by taking dengue data from medical records in the period January 2023 to December 2023. The number of dengue cases during the study period was 395 cases that were diagnosed. The dependent variable is transmission zone. The status village transmission is a number of dengue cases> 2 cases in the village during the study based on medical records. The independent variables are children under 5 years, the incidence rate of dengue, the incidence rate area, the incidence rate density, and population age > 70 years (elderly). Data of dengue cases were obtained from medical record. The data were analyzed with an independent t-test, linear regression test, and survival test (Cox proportional hazards).Results: The incidence rate averaged 30.17 higher than the government standard, with 10 cases/ 100,000 population for each village, and was higher in March. The population, density, children under 5 years, elderly upper 70 years, incidence density, incidence case, incidence areas, and large no significant differences between village transmission and no transmission p≤0.050, and variable contributing to dengue transmission R2= 0.39 or 39.20%. The hazard time for infection (HR = 0.62; CI95%= 0.46 to 0.83).Conclusion: The zone is high risk for dengue transmission, 24.6% of the 460. The factors significantly related to dengue transmission in the village as population size, population density, children under 5 years, elderly upper 70 years, incidence density, incidence case, and incidence area contributing to dengue transmission, R2= 0.39. The main factor contributing to dengue transmission is incidence density, β= 69.95.
Factors Associated with Pregnant Women's Compliance with Fit-to-Fly Recommendations at El Tari Airport in 2024 Misnadin, Indri Wahyuningsih; Syamruth, Yendris Krisno; Manurung, Imelda Februati Ester; Weraman, Pius; Nayoan, Christina Rony
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.02.10

Abstract

Background: Fit-to-fly recommendations for pregnant women are regulated in Indonesia’s civil aviation guidelines. Noncompliance may pose health risks for both mother and fetus during air travel. This study aimed to identify factors associated with pregnant women’s compliance with fit-to-fly recommendations at El Tari Airport in 2024.Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2024 at El Tari Airport, Kupang. A total of 130 pregnant passengers who applied for fit-to-fly letters at the BKK Class I Airport Health Post were selected using simple random sampling. The dependent variable was compliance with fit-to-fly recommendations. Independent variables included maternal age, gestational age, parity, education level, travel reasons, document completeness, exposure to information, family support, and maternal knowledge. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods with multiple logistic regression.Results: Gestational age (OR=6.79; 95%CI: 2.06–22.41; p=0.002), parity (OR=8.00; 95%CI: 2.61–22.54; p<0.001), education level (OR=5.49; 95%CI: 1.47–20.41; p=0.011), and maternal knowledge (OR=6.75; 95%CI: 2.13–21.34; p=0.001) were significantly associated with compliance. Other factors such as exposure to information, maternal age, document completeness, travel reasons, and family support showed no statistically significant association..Conclusion: Gestational age, parity, education level, and maternal knowledge were significant determinants of compliance with fit-to-fly recommendations among pregnant women. These findings highlight the importance of targeted health education and screening prior to air travel during pregnancy.

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